Boron-Modified Heterointerface Boosts Kesterite Solar Cells to 0.58 V Open-Circuit Voltage.

Achieving high open-circuit voltage (V) continues to pose a significant challenge for kesterite CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells, predominantly due to the pronounced charge carrier recombination occurring at heterointerface (HEI). To address this issue, an innovative non-metallic boron (B)-modification strategy is developed to optimize the HEI. The key advantages of this strategy are as follows: (i) Leveraging the strong bonding characteristic of B with three valence electrons, the dangling bonds on the absorber surface can be fully saturated, effectively passivating surface states without introducing new defects; (ii) Moreover, diffusion of B into the near-surface region of HEI during selenization process can create weak n-type B donor defects, which lowers the valence band maximum (VBM) of the absorber and mitigates Fermi level pinning.

Burden and Future Trends of Gastric Cancer in 5 East Asian Countries From 1990 to 2036: Epidemiological Study Analysis Using the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.

Background: Effective prevention and treatment are urgently needed, since gastric cancer (GC) poses a grave threat to the health and well-being of patients. The 5 East Asian countries (China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Mongolia) represent one of the most significant regions globally in terms of GC burden.

Objective: The goal of this study is to examine the patterns and trends of GC across 5 East Asian countries between 1990 and 2021.

1T/2H-MoS Nanoclusters as Plasmon-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Ultrasensitive Detection of Environmental Pollutants.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) holds immense promise for molecular detection, yet the quest for high-performance, plasmon-free substrates remains active. This work pioneers the rational design and engineering of phase-tunable MoS nanoclusters─metallic (1T), semiconductor (2H), and, critically, hybrid metal/semiconductor (1T/2H) phases as a novel class of SERS platforms. We demonstrate this exceptional capability for ultrasensitive detection of environmentally hazardous dyes (e.

Oxygen-Tailored MoS as a High-Performance Substrate for Pressure-Induced Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Pressure-induced SERS (PI-SERS) has garnered increasing attention due to its applications in enhancing Raman signals under extreme conditions. However, the effective implementation of PI-SERS enhancement and the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms remain open questions. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach utilizing oxygen-tailored MoS as SERS substrates, significantly improving PI-SERS performance.

Electrically tunable polarization imaging through configurating a single layer of infrared twisted nematic liquid-crystal (IR-TNLC) module before a common camera.

An infrared (IR) polarization imaging approach basically through configuring a polarized liquid-crystal (LC) component adjusted electrically before a common IR camera, is proposed. An experimental module composed of a single layer of the IR twisted nematic LC (IR-TNLC) structure for continuously or leapingly varying the polarized orientation of the imaging beams, has been characterized, which demonstrates an ideal polarization modulating behavior in three IR atmospherical windows. The typical polarized measurements in both the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and the long-wave infrared (LWIR) regions indicate a perfect imaging efficiency mainly in the electronic target acquisition and the detailed feature recognition.

CsrR modulates biofilm formation of ST-17 GBS through the regulation of a novel adhesion factor, BapB.

Introduction: The hypervirulent ST-17 clone of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal invasive meningitis. The link between GBS biofilm formation and the ST-17 lineage is established, and the inhibition of GBS biofilm formation by CsrR involves the regulation of adhesins. However, the specific adhesins involved in biofilm formation in ST-17 GBS strains are unknown.

METTL14-Mediated MA Modification of LINC01094 Induces Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer by Recruiting the PKM2/JMJD5 Complex.

Tumor cells reprogram their energy metabolism patterns to meet the needs of rapid growth and metastasis. The underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glucose metabolism remodeling in breast cancer (BC) are still not well understood. Herein, the expression of a tumorigenic lncRNA, LINC01094 are demonstrated that, is significantly increased in BC tissues and is associated with poorer patient survival.

Intraoperative Ventricular Arrhythmia During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass grafting-Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes.

Background: Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is a critical complication of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). However, few studies have explored the impact of VA during operative. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of intraoperative VA.

Prognosis of Cancer Patients with Severe Hyponatremia in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study from the National Cancer Center of China.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of profound hyponatremia in solid cancer patients admitted to the oncologic emergency department.

Methods: We gathered data retrospectively from cancer patients who visited the emergency department of the National Cancer Center of China between October 2019 and February 2023 with a serum sodium (Na) level of less than 125 mmol/L. The demographic and clinical characteristics, medical history, admission symptoms, laboratory parameters, and outcomes of the patients were recorded.

Gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: Exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

The gut microbiome is connected to the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including cognitive impairment and depression. The gut microbiota can act on the brain through multiple pathways along the gut-brain axis. However, the specific mechanisms are unclear.

Similarity of immune-associated markers in COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: analyses from bioinformatics and machine learning.

Background: Infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can also exacerbate the symptoms of Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute vasculitis that mostly affects children. This study used bioinformatics and machine learning to examine similarities in the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 and KD.

Methods: We first identified disease-associated modules in KD using weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Sparse Imaging Recovery Technique Based on Improved Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers.

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) technology is widely used in the field of target recognition. This research addresses the image reconstruction error in sparse imaging for bistatic radar systems. In this paper, sparse imaging technology is studied, and a sparse imaging recovery algorithm based on an improved Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers is proposed.

A Golgi apparatus-related signature predicts the immune microenvironment and prognosis of gastric cancer.

In recent years, numerous studies have provided evidence of the involvement of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in various stages of cancer development. Nonetheless, the specific impact of GA-related characteristics on gastric cancer (GC) progression remains ambiguous. We utilized LASSO and multivariate COX regression methods to develop a GA-associated risk score (GARS).

Microbiome catalog and dynamics of the Chinese liquor fermentation process.

Fermented food remains poorly understood, largely due to the lack of knowledge about microbes in food fermentation. Here, this study constructed Moutai Fermented Grain Catalog (MTFGC), a representative liquor fermented by one of the most complex fermentations. MTFGC comprised 8,379,551 non-redundant genes and 5,159 metagenome-assembled genomes, with 20% species and 20% genes being novel.

miR142 silencing alleviates retinal inflammation by impairing mitochondrial function and reprogramming metabolism of CD4 T cells via targeting MTFR1.

Background: Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening inflammatory disease of the retina. MicroRNA-142 (miR-142) has been implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-142 in uveitis and its underlying mechanisms.

Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Selective Monofunctionalization of Calix[4]arenes.

The selective introduction of a single functionality on the upper rim of calix[4]arene is challenging due to the identical reactivity of its four aryl units. In this study, we introduce a novel strategy for monofunctional modification of calix[4]arenes using a hypervalent iodine-mediated C-H functionalization. This process yields a calix[4]arene-iodonium salt, which can be easily isolated due to its distinct solubility compared to the native calixarene.

Unlocking Self-Esteem in Older Adults: A Conceptual Exploration of Technological Proficiency and Its Effects.

With the current rapid increase in digital technology adoption, understanding the relationship between technological proficiency and self-esteem is crucial to older adults. This study explores the mechanisms through which technological proficiency influences self-esteem, particularly considering its associations with technological engagement, self-efficacy, social participation, and autonomy. By using a narrative review approach, this study synthesizes recent findings from gerontology and psychology to examine these relationships.

AI-driven high-throughput droplet screening of cell-free gene expression.

Cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems enable transcription and translation using crude cellular extracts, offering a versatile platform for synthetic biology by eliminating the need to maintain living cells. However, Such systems are constrained by cumbersome composition, high costs, and limited yields due to numerous additional components required to maintain biocatalytic efficiency. Here, we introduce DropAI, a droplet-based, AI-driven screening strategy designed to optimize CFE systems with high throughput and economic efficiency.

NebulaPlate: a droplet microfluidic platform to analyze platelet aggregation.

The accurate assessment of platelet activity is crucial in clinical practice and scientific research owing to the pivotal role of platelets in the progression of cardiovascular conditions, such as arterial thrombotic diseases. However, conventional platelet activity assessment methods are currently limited by their requirement of substantial blood samples and inadequate high-throughput capabilities, and therapeutic resistance induced by antiplatelet agents impedes treatment efficacy. In this study, we developed a microdroplet-based platelet function detection method, referred to as NebulaPlate, to achieve miniaturized and robust platelet activity assessment, thereby overcoming current challenges.

STING Deficiency Promotes Th17-Like Tfh to Aggravate the Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism that Th17-like T follicular helper cells (Tfh) orchestrated by STING signaling have a pathogenic role in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).

Methods: The differences of transcriptome and gene ontology (GO) pathway of Tfh between EAU and control mice were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequence. Additionally, draining lymph nodes (DLNs) were extracted to verify the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ in Tfh from EAU and control mice by flow cytometry.

Virome specific to tick genus with distinct ecogeographical distribution.

Background: The emergence of tick-borne pathogens poses a serious threat to both human and animal health. There remains controversy about virome diversity in relation to tick genus and ecogeographical factors.

Results: We conducted the meta‑transcriptomic sequencing of 155 pools of ticks encompassing 7 species of 3 genera collected from diverse geographical fauna of Ningxia Province, China.

Steering the Electronic Microenvironment of Ruthenium Sites via Boron Buffering Enables Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution under a Universal pH Range.

Optimizing the microenvironment of active sites is crucial for enhancing the catalytic activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) across various pH conditions. Here, guided by theoretical predictions of boron (B)-doping's electronic buffering effect on ruthenium (Ru) at the atomic scale, a highly efficient and universal-pH Ru-based HER electrocatalyst (Ru-NBC) by introducing B and nitrogen (N) into a carbon (C) matrix was designed. The Ru-NBC catalyst demonstrated exceptional HER activity, requiring overpotentials of 27, 40, and 68 mV in 1 M KOH, 0.

Low-temperature highly efficient catalytic removal of odorous carbonyl sulfide by facile regulating CeO morphologies.

Unraveling the water activation is essential in the catalytic hydrolysis of organic sulfur compounds, yet its intrinsic mechanism of the water-promoting effect is still unclear. In this work, we describe novel findings of oxygen vacancy (V) engineering by facile regulating CeO nanocatalysts with different shapes (rod, octahedral, sphere, and cube) for COS hydrolysis at lower temperature, aiming at understanding the structural origin of the excellent catalytic hydrolysis activity. Unexpectedly, among CeO catalysts with different morphologies, spherical CeO (CeO-S) catalysts can achieve completely conversion of COS at 60 ℃ and maintain 30 hours of non-deactivation, which is a significant improvement in catalytic activity and reaction temperature compared to previously reported catalysts.

Neutrophil extracellular traps potentiate effector T cells via endothelial senescence in uveitis.

Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is a sight-threatening ocular autoimmune disorder that often manifests as retinal vasculitis. Increased neutrophil infiltration around retinal vessels has been reported during the progression of AU, while how they function is not fully recognized. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), produced by activated neutrophils, have been suggested to be detrimental in autoimmune diseases.

Circadian Rhythm Disruption Exacerbates Autoimmune Uveitis: The Essential Role of PER1 in Treg Cell Metabolic Support for Stability and Function.

Circadian rhythm plays a critical role in the progression of autoimmune diseases. While our previous study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of melatonin in experimental autoimmune uveitis, the involvement of circadian rhythm remained unclear. Using a light-induced circadian rhythm disruption model, we showed that disrupted circadian rhythms exacerbate autoimmune uveitis by impairing the stability and function of Treg cells.