Gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: Exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

The gut microbiome is connected to the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including cognitive impairment and depression. The gut microbiota can act on the brain through multiple pathways along the gut-brain axis. However, the specific mechanisms are unclear.

Ethylene oxide exposure, inflammatory indicators, and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis based on a non-institutionalized American population.

Background: Ethylene oxide (EO) is a volatile compound positively correlated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, evidence suggests that environmental exposure may contribute to depressive symptoms. This study evaluated the correlation between EO exposure and depressive symptoms and investigated whether inflammatory indicators had a mediation effect on this correlation.

Core antibiotic resistance genes mediate gut microbiota to intervene in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Introduction: The relationship between depression and gut microbiota remains unclear, but an important role of gut microbiota has been verified. The relationship between gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may be a potential new explanatory pathway.

Methods: We collected samples from 63 depressed patients and 30 healthy controls for metagenomic sequencing.

Baseline gut microbiota profiles affect treatment response in patients with depression.

The role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of depression has been explored in numerous studies, which have confirmed that the baseline gut microbial profiles of patients with depression differ from those of healthy individuals. The gut microbiome affects metabolic activity in the immune and central nervous systems and regulates intestinal ecology through the neuroendocrine system. Additionally, baseline changes in the gut microbiota differed among patients with depression who demonstrated varying treatment response.

Relationship between human oral microbiome dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric diseases: An updated overview.

The role of the gut-brain axis in mental health disorders has been extensively studied. As the oral cavity is the starting point of the digestive tract, the role that the oral microbiota plays in mental health disorders has gained recent attention. Oral microbiota can enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammatory responses or translocate to the brain through the trigeminal nerve or olfactory system.

Exosomes: potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

The field of neuropsychiatry is considered a middle ground between neurological and psychiatric disorders, thereby bridging the conventional boundaries between matter and mind, consciousness, and function. Neuropsychiatry aims to evaluate and treat cognitive, behavioral, and emotional disorders in individuals with neurological conditions. However, the pathophysiology of these disorders is not yet fully understood, and objective biological indicators for these conditions are currently lacking.

Gut microbes influence the development of central nervous system disorders through epigenetic inheritance.

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), affect quality of life of patients and pose significant economic and social burdens worldwide. Due to their obscure and complex pathogeneses, current therapies for these diseases have limited efficacy. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has been shown to exhibit direct and indirect influences on the structure and function of the CNS, affecting multiple pathological pathways.

Different roles of microbiota and genetics in the prediction of treatment response in major depressive disorder.

The roles of gut microbiota and susceptibility genes in patients with major depression disorder (MDD) are not well understood. Examining the microbiome and host genetics might be helpful for clinical decision-making. Patients with MDD were recruited in this study and subsequently treated for eight weeks.

Interactions Between Antidepressants and Intestinal Microbiota.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been shown to influence human health and diseases, including depression. The interactions between drugs and intestinal microbiota are complex and highly relevant to treat diseases. Studies have shown an interaction between antidepressants and intestinal microbiota.

The host genetics affects gut microbiome diversity in Chinese depressed patients.

The gut microbiome and host genetics are both associated with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the molecular mechanisms among the associations are poorly understood, especially in the Asian, Chinese group. Our study applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) and genome-wide association analysis in the cohort with both gut sequencing data and genomics data. We reported the different gut microbiota characteristics between MDD and control groups in the Chinese group and further constructed the association between host genetics and the gut microbiome.

Plasma levels of interleukin-8 and response to paroxetine in patients with major depressive disorder.

Objectives: Immune dysregulation plays a key role in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about the complicated involvement of various interleukins in MDD. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels and treatment outcome of paroxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) in patients with MDD.

Nanoparticles-based delivery system and its potentials in treating central nervous system disorders.

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), have become severe health concern worldwide. The treatment of the CNS diseases is of great challenges due largely to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). On the one hand, BBB protects brain from the harmful exogenous molecules via inhibiting their entry into the brain.

Ginsenoside Rb1 Improves Metabolic Disorder in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Associated With Modulation of Gut Microbiota.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis. Previous studies demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 might improve obesity-induced metabolic disorders through regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissues. Due to low bioavailability and enrichment in the intestinal tract of Rb1, we hypothesized that modulation of the gut microbiota might account for its pharmacological effects as well.

Preeclampsia Drives Molecular Networks to Shift Toward Greater Vulnerability to the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Preeclampsia (PE) confers a significant risk for subsequent diagnosis with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with the mechanisms underlying this observation being largely unknown. To identify molecular networks affected by both PE and ASD, we conducted a large-scale literature data mining and a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), followed by an expression mega-analysis in 13 independently profiled ASD datasets. Sets of genes implicated in ASD and in PE significantly overlap (156 common genes; = 3.

A core collection of pan-schizophrenia genes allows building cohort-specific signatures of affected brain.

To investigate whether pan-schizophrenia genes could be leveraged for building cohort-specific signatures reflecting the functioning of the affected brain, we first collected 1,518 schizophrenia-related genes upon analysis of 12,316 independent peer-reviewed literature sources. More than half of these genes have been reported in at least 3 independent studies, and a majority (81.4%) were enriched within 156 functional pathways (p-values < 1e-15).

Interferon-α exacerbates neuropsychiatric phenotypes in lupus-prone mice.

Background: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythaematosus (NP-SLE) is one of the major manifestations of lupus. However, the mechanisms involved in NP-SLE are still largely unknown. The abnormal activation of the type I IFN signalling pathway is involved in SLE pathogenesis and is linked to NP-SLE, but the effect of IFN-α on NP-SLE encephalopathy has not been systematically studied.

Long-term effects of prenatal exposure to metformin on the health of children based on follow-up studies of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Oral antidiabetic medication of metformin is increasingly used in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. The drug passes through the placenta and can potentially influence the fetus. The aim of the study is to investigate the possible long-term effects of prenatal exposure to metformin on growth and development of the offspring.

Different frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been found to be effective for treating PTSD, but whether different frequencies have different effects remains controversial. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to address this question.

Pattern of novel object exploration in cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis.

Background: Primates exhibit substantial capacity for behavioral innovation, expanding the diversity of their behavioral repertoires, and benefiting both individual survival and species development in evolution. Novel object exploration is an integral part of behavioral innovation. Thus, qualitative and quantitative analysis of novel object exploration helps to better understand behavioral innovation.

Differential behavior patterns in cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis in home cage in response to human gaze.

Background: Non-human primates, when encountering human beings, show wariness and alertness. These behaviors differ when there is direct human gaze vs. when human averts his gaze.

Chronic alcohol consumption from adolescence-to-adulthood in mice--hypothalamic gene expression changes in the dilated cardiomyopathy signaling pathway.

Background: Adolescence is a developmental stage vulnerable to alcohol drinking-related problems and the onset of alcoholism. Hypothalamus is a key brain region for food and water intake regulation, and is one of the alcohol-sensitive brain regions. However, it is not known what would be the alcohol effect on hypothalamus following adolescent alcohol intake, chronically over the adolescent development, at moderate levels.

Chronic alcohol consumption from adolescence-to-adulthood in mice--effect on growth and social behavior.

Experimentation with alcohol is common during adolescence. However the long-term consequences from moderate alcohol use during adolescence development are not clear. Using a two-bottle free-choice paradigm in the home-cage setting, we studied adolescent mice (4 weeks old) across a 6-week time span of the adolescence-to-adulthood development period.

Low dose MK-801 reduces social investigation in mice.

To characterize MK-801's effect on social behavior in mice, we examined adult male ICR mice for interaction with companion mice (juvenile male). Test mice were injected with either saline or MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg), and were tested 30 min later for their social behavior during a 5-min session.