Evaluating Causal Effects of Gut Microbiome on Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Previous studies have shown that gut microbiome dysbiosis has pathogenic significance in the development of bipolar disorder (BD), but the direct causal relationship remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this potential correlation.

Methods: Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis, we examined the potential causal effects of gut microbiota on BD.

Investigating bidirectional causal relationships between gut microbiota and insomnia.

Background: Although studies in recent years have explored the impact of gut microbiota on various sleep characteristics, the interaction between gut microbiota and insomnia remains unclear.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the mutual influences between gut microbiota and insomnia.

Methods: We conducted Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using genome-wide association studies datasets on insomnia (N=386 533), gut microbiota data from the MiBioGen alliance (N=18 340) and the Dutch Microbiome Project (N=8208).

Integrative genomic analysis identifies novel causal genes of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Background: The genetic mechanisms underlying non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remain understudied. While numerous genes associated with these lymphoid tumors have been identified, little research has focused on the genetic networks that directly drive NHL and HL pathogenesis.

Methods: We conducted integrative genomic analyses, including a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), a proteome-wide association study (PWAS), and a summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR), to identify causal genes for NHL and HL.

A pilot investigation of the impact of acute mental and physical fatigue exposure on inflammatory cytokines and state fatigue level in breast cancer survivors.

Background: This study aims to analyze the changes in inflammatory cytokines and state fatigue after exposure to a mental or physical fatiguing activity in breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods: A total of 46 BCS women (age: 58.9 ± 9.

Calcium supplementation and the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Alterations in calcium homeostasis are critical for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its specific impacts on this disease are unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether the potential effect is causal. In a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis, we evaluated if genetic signature predicting supplemental intake of calcium affects risks of T2D.

Exploring causal associations between plasma metabolites and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Observational studies reported altered levels of plasma metabolites in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aim to explore the causal link between plasma metabolites and ADHD.

Methods: We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between plasma metabolites and ADHD and the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets were sourced from public databases.

Gut microbiome links obesity to type 2 diabetes: insights from Mendelian randomization.

Background: Research has established links between the gut microbiome (GM) and both obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is much discussed, but underexplored. This study employed body mass index (BMI) as the measurement of obesity to delve deeper into the correlations from a genetic perspective.

Methods: We performed the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal effects of GM on T2D and BMI, and vice versa.

Bidirectional causal effects between bipolar disorder and immune cell traits.

Background: The complexity of the pathogenesis hinders the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). Despite studies finding a correlation between immune function and BD, the causative relationship between the two remains poorly explained.

Methods: We investigated the causative relationships between BD (41,917 cases and 371,549 controls) and levels of six types of white blood cells and further evaluated the causative relationships between BD and 731 immune cell traits) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method, prioritizing the inverse variance weighted approach, based on publicly available GWAS data.

Bidirectional causal associations between plasma metabolites and bipolar disorder.

Altered levels of human plasma metabolites have been implicated in the etiology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the causality between metabolites and the disease was not well described. We performed a bidirectional metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the potential causal relationships between 871 plasma metabolites and BD.

Association of branched-chain amino acids with major depressive disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Recent studies have linked branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism with the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it is unclear whether associations of plasma BCAA levels with MDD are causal or driven by reverse causality.

Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to investigate the causal association of genetically determined BCAA levels with the risk of MDD.

Opposite causal effects of type 2 diabetes and metformin on Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is commonly co-morbid with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether T2D itself or the antidiabetic drug metformin contributes to the progression of AD.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the overall and independent effects of T2D and metformin use on the risk of AD.

Evaluating the causal effects of circulating metabolic biomarkers on Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. Although research suggests a link between circulating metabolites and AD, their causal relationship is not fully understood.

Methods: Based on publicly available genome-wide association study data, we investigated the causative relationship between AD (7759 cases and 334,740 controls) and 233 traits describing circulating metabolites (136,016 participants) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Nutritional Intake and Sensory Processing in School-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly experience sensory processing that differs from general-population norms, and the autistic lived experience of eating includes preferences for routine, and sensory processing difficulty related to scents, tastes, temperatures, and textures of food. Meanwhile, research indicates that nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) may be related to sensory processing. This study enrolled 33 school-aged children with autism to assess whether OCM nutrient intake is associated with sensory processing.

Causal effects of education, intelligence, and income on COVID-19: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) and intelligence on COVID-19 outcomes are not yet understood with regard to their dependency on income. The objective of our study was to examine the overall as well as independent effects of the three psychosocial factors on the susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19. To accomplish this, we utilized genetic correlation, Mendelian randomization (MR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate genetic associations between EA, intelligence, household income, and three specific COVID-19 outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, and critical COVID-19.

Causal associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and type 2 diabetes.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients have a high comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether PTSD influences the risk of diabetes is still not known. We used GWAS data from European ancestry of PTSD (23,121 cases and 151,447 controls) and T2D (80,154 cases and 853,816 controls) to investigate the bidirectional associations between PTSD and T2D by the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Unraveling the genetic links between depression and type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has high comorbidity with mental disorders. The genetic relationships between T2D and depression are far from being well understood.

Methods: We performed genetic correlation, polygenic overlap, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, cross-trait meta-analysis, and Bayesian colocalization analysis to assess genetic relationships between T2D and depression, in the forms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressed affect (DAF).

Phenome-wide investigation of bidirectional causal relationships between major depressive disorder and common human diseases.

The high comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) with other diseases has been well-documented. However, the pairwise causal connections for MDD comorbid networks are poorly characterized. We performed Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore bidirectional causal associations between MDD (N = 807,553) and 877 common diseases from FinnGen datasets (N = 377,277).

Gut microbiome's causal role in head and neck cancer: findings from mendelian randomization.

Introduction: The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis and treatment, including head and neck cancers (HNC). However, the specific microbial compositions influencing HNC and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Methods: This study utilized published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data-based two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to uncover the GM compositions that exert significant causal effects on HNC.

Novel Insights Into the Causal Effects and Shared Genetics Between Body Fat and Parkinson Disease.

Aims: Existing observational studies examining the effect of body fat on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate this causal relationship at the genetic level.

Methods: We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) to investigate the causal effects of body fat on PD, with multiple sex-specific body fat measures being involved.

Mendelian randomization analysis of causal and druggable circulating inflammatory proteins in schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder with complex origins. Observational studies suggested that inflammatory factors may play a role in the pathophysiology of SZ and we aim to investigate the potential genetic connection between them by examining the causal impact of circulating inflammatory proteins on SZ.

Methods: We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and SZ and the GWAS summary datasets were sourced from public databases.

The causal relationship between immune cell traits and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Introduction: The complex and unresolved pathogenesis of schizophrenia has posed significant challenges to its diagnosis and treatment. While recent research has established a clear association between immune function and schizophrenia, the causal relationship between the two remains elusive.

Methods: We employed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the causal relationship between schizophrenia and 731 immune cell traits by utilizing public GWAS data.

Antidepressants account for the causal effect of major depressive disorder on type 2 diabetes.

Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) face an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the contribution of the disease itself versus the side effects of antidepressants to this increased risk remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the overall and independent effects of MDD and exposure to antidepressants on T2D risk.