Boron-Modified Heterointerface Boosts Kesterite Solar Cells to 0.58 V Open-Circuit Voltage.

Achieving high open-circuit voltage (V) continues to pose a significant challenge for kesterite CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells, predominantly due to the pronounced charge carrier recombination occurring at heterointerface (HEI). To address this issue, an innovative non-metallic boron (B)-modification strategy is developed to optimize the HEI. The key advantages of this strategy are as follows: (i) Leveraging the strong bonding characteristic of B with three valence electrons, the dangling bonds on the absorber surface can be fully saturated, effectively passivating surface states without introducing new defects; (ii) Moreover, diffusion of B into the near-surface region of HEI during selenization process can create weak n-type B donor defects, which lowers the valence band maximum (VBM) of the absorber and mitigates Fermi level pinning.

Diagnostic value of magnetic controlled capsule endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain: a retrospective two-center study.

Magnetic controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) overcomes limitations of capsule endoscopy and achieves one-time gastro-small intestinal joint examination. However, few studies have reported diagnostic value of MCE of gastrointestinal lesions in patients with abdominal pain. This study aims to investigate clinical applications of MCE in patients with abdominal pain.

1T/2H-MoS Nanoclusters as Plasmon-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates for Ultrasensitive Detection of Environmental Pollutants.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) holds immense promise for molecular detection, yet the quest for high-performance, plasmon-free substrates remains active. This work pioneers the rational design and engineering of phase-tunable MoS nanoclusters─metallic (1T), semiconductor (2H), and, critically, hybrid metal/semiconductor (1T/2H) phases as a novel class of SERS platforms. We demonstrate this exceptional capability for ultrasensitive detection of environmentally hazardous dyes (e.

Dual antibiotic PLGA microspheres for the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis.

Traumatic osteomyelitis (TO) treatment remains challenging due to biofilm formation and poor antibiotic penetration. We developed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres co-loaded with moxifloxacin/rifampicin (M/R-P) to address these limitations. Key findings: In vitro: The microspheres showed (1) no cytotoxicity (CCK-8 assay; live/dead staining; cytoskeletal staining; SEM visualization), and (2) no inhibition of osteogenic potential (ALP activity).

Oxygen-Tailored MoS as a High-Performance Substrate for Pressure-Induced Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Pressure-induced SERS (PI-SERS) has garnered increasing attention due to its applications in enhancing Raman signals under extreme conditions. However, the effective implementation of PI-SERS enhancement and the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms remain open questions. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach utilizing oxygen-tailored MoS as SERS substrates, significantly improving PI-SERS performance.

Single-atom Pt-doped ceria nanozymes mitigate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via cardiomyocyte-targeted uptake and suppression of reactive oxygen species.

The primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is restoring blood flow to the obstructed coronary artery. However, this approach can paradoxically generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to secondary ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Multifunctional nanomaterials present a promising alternative for managing IR injury, offering benefits including cost-effectiveness, robust catalytic stability, and customizable properties that surpass traditional antioxidants.

Risk factors for elbow stiffness after surgery for AO / OTA type C distal humerus fractures.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for elbow stiffness following surgery for AO/OTA type C distal humerus fractures with a follow-up investigation.

Methods: Data were collected from patients who underwent treatment for AO/OTA type C distal humerus fractures between March 2015 and March 2022.The patients were divided into a stiffness group and a control group based on whether their elbow flexion-extension or rotation range of motion was less than 100°at the final follow-up.

Retrospective analysis of open reduction and locking plate fixation in three and four part proximal humeral fractures with efficacy and complications.

Three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures are common in young and elderly populations. Open reduction and fixation with a locking plate is a commonly used surgical technique; however, it is associated with a high incidence of complications. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical effectiveness of open reduction and fixation with a locking plate for treating three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures and to analyze potential risk factors for complications.

Development of Antibody-Based Strategies for Targeted Degradation of Membrane and Extracellular Proteins.

Membrane and extracellular proteins are essential components in various biological processes that ensure cellular function and homeostasis. Their dysregulation is linked to a wide range of diseases, making them pivotal therapeutic targets. Recent innovations in therapeutic strategies have concentrated on targeted protein degradation, particularly via the endocytosis-lysosome pathway, offering a novel approach to restoring balance within cellular systems.

Obesity and the accelerated decline in total sleep time increases the self-reported diagnoses of diabetes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and the accelerated decline in Total Sleep Time (TST) and its potential impact on the self-reported diagnoses of diabetes.

Methods: Our study addresses this gap by analyzing trends in a longitudinal cohort study conducted in China, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Employing a joint model, inter-individual variability and intra-individual variability in TST, and its impact on self-reported diagnoses of diabetes were considered.

Estrogen inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression dependent on HOXA11-AS/HOXA11.

Background: The role of estrogen in liver cancer cells has attracted attention, but its specific actions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: Flow CytoMetry and Western blotting were used to investigate the mechanism of HOXA11-AS and estrogen in promoting apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In vivo subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays were uesd to confirm the regulatory role of HOXA11-AS in HCC progression.

Progress and Perspectives for Efficient Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECORR) provides a promising route for synthesizing high-value chemicals and fuels for sustainable economic development. Methane, one of the potential reduction products of ECORR, plays a crucial role in chemical production and energy storage. Recent advancements in ECORR have led to significant progress in methane production.

Synergistic Reconstruction of Defect-Enriched NiFe-LDH Hierarchical Structures toward Large-Current and Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) is the benchmark electrocatalyst toward alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER), however, it remains a grand challenge to develop NiFe LDH catalysts with higher intrinsic catalytic activity and abundant active sites by a simple and facile method. In this study, a synergistic reconstruction approach is introduced to fabricate defect-enriched NiFe layered double hydroxide (-NiFe LDH) with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structures. Through in situ synergistic reconstruction of molybdates and phytic acid ligands, rapid generation of -NiFe LDH two-dimensional nanosheets on one-dimensional nanorods is achieved.

Phellodendrine ameliorates intestinal inflammation and protects mucosal barrier via modulating COL1A1, VCAM1 and IL-17 a.

Background: Phellodendrine (PHE) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the function of PHE in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PHE on IBD with in vivo and in vitro assays.

Metallic TiN-mediated interface to boost charge transfer of bismuth vanadate toward enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Surface modification of cocatalysts is one of the most efficient strategies to improve the surface charge transfer of bismuth vanadate (BVO) photoanodes. However, the interfacial recombination between BVO semiconductors and cocatalysts is seriously undervalued. Herein, metallic titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles are decorated on the surface of BVO to tune the carrier dynamics at BVO/cocatalysts interface.

Histidine metabolism drives liver cancer progression via immune microenvironment modulation through metabolic reprogramming.

Background: Histidine metabolism is crucial in role in tumor biology, contributing to tumor progression, immune regulation, and metabolic reprogramming. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), dysregulated histidine metabolism may promote tumor growth and immune evasion, although the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods: Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the expression patterns of histidine metabolism-related genes were evaluated across different cell types in HCC samples.

Racial Disparities and Trends in Outcomes of Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. However, there are limited studies on the latest survival trends and the impact of racial disparities on GIST patients' outcomes.

Methods: We obtained 12,808 GIST patients between 2001 and 2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database in 17 original sites.

Structure and function analysis of microcystin transport protein MlrD.

Microorganisms play a crucial role in the degradation of microcystins (MCs), with most MC-degrading bacteria utilizing the mlr gene cluster (mlrABCD) mechanism. While previous studies have advanced our understanding of the structure, function, and degradation mechanisms of MlrA, MlrB, and MlrC, research on MlrD remains limited. Consequently, the molecular structure and specific catalytic processes of MlrD are still unclear.

Frequency-specific analysis of hearing outcomes after surgery for chronic ear diseases.

Objective: To examine the relationship between different surgical factors and frequency-specific hearing results following surgery for chronic ear disorders.

Methods: We reviewed retrospectively data of 246 patients with chronic ear diseases who had surgery between January 2019 and December 2020. Seventy-three patients did not fulfil the criteria and were excluded.

A Nanocluster Colloidal Electrolyte Enables Highly Stable and Reversible Zinc Anodes.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries represent a favorable technology for stationary energy storage systems owing to their safety, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. However, Zn anodes suffer uncontrollable dendrite formation and harmful side reactions that lead to a short lifespan. Herein, we demonstrate a nanocluster colloidal electrolyte strategy for stabilizing the zinc anodes.

Selective SERS Sensing of R6G Molecules Using MoS Nanoflowers under Pressure.

Pressure-induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PI-SERS) has garnered significant attention as a subfield of SERS detection due to its capacity to regulate the band gap between molecules and substrates through pressure modulation. Currently, SERS detection primarily focuses on single molecules at atmospheric pressure with limited investigations conducted under high pressure conditions. Herein, we employed rose-shaped MoS nanoflowers as the SERS substrate and realized selective PI-SERS enhancement of R6G molecules in the binary (MV+R6G) and ternary (MV+R6G+RhB) systems.

Atmosphere Induces Tunable Oxygen Vacancies to Stabilize Single-Atom Copper in Ceria for Robust Electrocatalytic CO Reduction to CH.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (ECORR) shows great potential to create high-value carbon-based chemicals, while designing advanced catalysts at the atomic level remains challenging. The ECORR performance is largely dependent on the catalyst microelectronic structure that can be effectively modulated through surface defect engineering. Here, we provide an atmosphere-assisted low-temperature calcination strategy to prepare a series of single-atomic Cu/ceria catalysts with varied oxygen vacancy concentrations for robust electrolytic reduction of CO to methane.

Vanadium Modification Induced a Back Interfacial Field Passivation Effect toward Efficient Kesterite Solar Cells beyond 11% Efficiency.

Realization of a high-quality back electrode interface (BEI) with suppressed recombination is crucial for CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells. To achieve this goal, the construction of a traditional chemical passivation effect has been widely adopted and investigated. However, there is currently a lack of reports concerning the construction of a field passivation effect (FPE) for the BEI.

The association of manganese levels with red cell distribution width: A population-based study.

Objectives: Experimental and acute exposure studies imply that manganese affects red blood cell production. Nevertheless, the association between environmental exposure and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has yet to be explored. This research sought to assess the correlation between blood manganese levels and RDW within the general population of the United States.