Dual antibiotic PLGA microspheres for the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis.

Traumatic osteomyelitis (TO) treatment remains challenging due to biofilm formation and poor antibiotic penetration. We developed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres co-loaded with moxifloxacin/rifampicin (M/R-P) to address these limitations. Key findings: In vitro: The microspheres showed (1) no cytotoxicity (CCK-8 assay; live/dead staining; cytoskeletal staining; SEM visualization), and (2) no inhibition of osteogenic potential (ALP activity).

Influencing Factors of Hexavalent Chromium Speciation Transformation in Soil from a Northern China Chromium Slag Site.

Chromium slag sites pose severe environmental risks due to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination, characterized by high mobility and toxicity. This study focused on chromium-contaminated soil from a historical chromium slag site in North China, where long-term accumulation of chromate production residues has led to serious Cr(VI) pollution, with Cr(VI) accounting for 13-22% of total chromium and far exceeding national soil risk control standards. To elucidate Cr(VI) transformation mechanisms and elemental linkages, a combined approach of macro-scale condition experiments and micro-scale analysis was employed.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomal miR-143-3p delays endothelial cell senescence through targeting COX-2.

Senescence of vascular endothelial cells leads to endothelial dysfunction and exacerbates atherosclerosis. In this study, we presented evidence that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-Exos) could delay endothelial cell senescence, promote endothelial cell proliferation, and enhance angiogenic activity in vitro. The miRNA profiling analysis revealed a high expression of miR-143-3p in hucMSC-Exos, which was further upregulated in endothelial cells treated with hucMSC-Exos.

An Ultrasound Signal-Guided Two-Stage Weakly Supervised Network for Intraoperative Glioma Localization and Infiltration Boundary Recognition Using a Nude Mouse Model.

Objective: Surgical resection is the standard treatment for glioma. While gross tumor regions can be identified, microscopic infiltration is often elusive without histopathology. Developing real-time techniques to approximate gold-standard boundaries intraoperatively is crucial for surgical accuracy and patient outcomes.

Risk factors for elbow stiffness after surgery for AO / OTA type C distal humerus fractures.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for elbow stiffness following surgery for AO/OTA type C distal humerus fractures with a follow-up investigation.

Methods: Data were collected from patients who underwent treatment for AO/OTA type C distal humerus fractures between March 2015 and March 2022.The patients were divided into a stiffness group and a control group based on whether their elbow flexion-extension or rotation range of motion was less than 100°at the final follow-up.

N6-methyladenosine RNA landscape in the aged mouse hearts.

Objective: Cardiac aging is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Although evidence suggests an association between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and numerous cardiovascular diseases, its role in cardiac aging remains unclear. This study was conducted to elucidate the role of m6A modification in cardiac aging and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Retrospective analysis of open reduction and locking plate fixation in three and four part proximal humeral fractures with efficacy and complications.

Three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures are common in young and elderly populations. Open reduction and fixation with a locking plate is a commonly used surgical technique; however, it is associated with a high incidence of complications. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical effectiveness of open reduction and fixation with a locking plate for treating three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures and to analyze potential risk factors for complications.

More Severe Brain Network Hierarchy Disorganization in Treatment-Naive Deficit Compared to Non-deficit Schizophrenia and Underlying Neurotransmitter Associations.

Background And Hypothesis: Deficit schizophrenia (DS) represents a distinct entity characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms, yet the neurobiological differences between DS and non-DS (NDS) remain undetermined. Using a gradient-based approach, we hypothesize that DS and NDS will exhibit convergent and divergent brain functional hierarchy patterns, each with a specific underlying neurotransmitter architecture.

Study Design: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging images were acquired from 44 treatment-naive DS, 55 treatment-naive NDS, and 60 matched healthy controls (HCs).

Modeling and analysis of measurement error for a four-axis optical profilometer.

Multi-axis optical profilometers are precision instruments used in optics and aerospace, where geometric errors critically impact measurement accuracy. This paper introduces an approach for error modeling and analysis for a four-axis optical profilometer. Utilizing MBS theory and the HTM method, a measurement error model with forty-five geometric errors is established.

Dynamic Disulfide Bond-Driven the Shape-Adaptive Self-Healing of Polyurethane Microcapsules.

The limited self-healing capability of materials synthesized using conventional isocyanate-based microcapsules as repair agents highlights the need for innovative microcapsule systems. In this study, a novel microcapsule (PU1) design is introduced that incorporates dynamic disulfide bonds, endowing the microcapsule walls with self-healing properties. Additionally, a comparative analysis is performed with conventional microcapsules (PU2) synthesized using 1, 4-butanediol.

Mussel-Inspired Reusable Tissue Adhesive Hydrogel and its Nanocomposite with Nanoclay for Enhancing Self-Healing and Mechanical Properties.

Tissue adhesives are increasingly sought after for their potential to minimize invasiveness, simplify surgical procedures, and reduce operative times; however, conventional polyacrylamide (PAM)-based hydrogels are often hindered by irreversible bonding, which limits their reusability and compromises both mechanical integrity and self-healing ability. Motivated by the natural adhesion mechanisms of mussels, we have developed an innovative tissue adhesive hydrogel by incorporating polydopamine (PDA) and cysteine (Cys) into a PAM matrix via free radical polymerization, with polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) serving as an effective cross-linker. In our system, PDA contributes essential catechol groups for strong tissue adhesion, while Cys not only preserves these groups from oxidation but also enhances hydrophilic interactions, resulting in a PDA-Cys-PAM hydrogel with a tensile strength of 23.

Suppressed autophagy of thymic cells promotes apoptosis and thymic atrophy in COPD.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and incurable condition characterized by persistent inflammation and systemic complications. Although the thymus is traditionally believed to undergo involution in adulthood, it continues to play a critical role in immune regulation and tumor surveillance. However, its specific involvement in COPD remains largely unexplored.

Coding principles of dopaminergic transmission modes.

Dopaminergic neurons influence diverse behaviors with varied firing patterns, yet the precise mechanisms remain unclear. We introduce a multiplexed genetically encoded sensor-based imaging and voltammetry method to simultaneously record synaptic, perisynaptic, and extrasynaptic dopaminergic transmission at mouse central neurons. Using this method alongside a genetically encoded sensor-based image analysis program, we found that heterogeneous dopaminergic firing patterns create various transmission modes, encoding frequency, number, and synchrony of firing pulses using neurotransmitter quantity, releasing synapse count, and synaptic and/or volume transmission.

Concentrations and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols and chlorobenzenes in deep seawater near South China Sea.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other aromatic hydrocarbons are persistent environmental contaminants with diverse origins, posing significant risks to marine ecosystems. This study investigates the concentrations, vertical distribution, and sources of these pollutants in the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands, a region with distinct oceanographic conditions and anthropogenic influences. A total of 23 aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were analyzed, including 17 PAHs, 3 phenols, and 3 chlorobenzenes.

Widespread variation in molecular interactions and regulatory properties among transcription factor isoforms.

Most human transcription factor (TF) genes encode multiple protein isoforms differing in DNA-binding domains, effector domains, or other protein regions. The global extent to which this results in functional differences between isoforms remains unknown. Here, we systematically compared 693 isoforms of 246 TF genes, assessing DNA binding, protein binding, transcriptional activation, subcellular localization, and condensate formation.

Jatrorrhizine retard obesity by modulating transcription factor c-Jun/c-Fos to downregulate Mmp12-mediated inflammation.

Obesity is a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease. Nutritional obesity, in particular, is also accompanied by inflammation and metabolic disorders, which are the primary causes of malignant metabolic diseases. Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis Chinensis Franch) (RC), a traditional Chinese medicine, is primarily used for its anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal properties.

Cellular Membrane Protein GRINA is Highly Expressed and Associated with Survival Outcomes in Liver Cancer Patients.

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a lethal cancer with high global mortality, may be targeted through ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Despite its potential, the prognostic value of ferroptosis in HCC is underexplored.

Methods: Our study leveraged single-cell and bulk sequencing datasets to identify ferroptosis-related genes and developed a prognostic model via Cox and LASSO regression analyses.

Accessible moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea screening tool using multidimensional obesity indicators as compact representations.

Many obesity indicators have been linked to adiposity and its distribution. Utilizing a combination of multidimensional obesity indicators may yield different values to assess the risk of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to develop and validate the performances of automated machine-learning models for moderate-to-severe OSA, employing multidimensional obesity indicators as compact representations.

White Matter-Gray Matter Correlation Analysis Based on White Matter Functional Gradient.

Background: The spontaneous fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals of the brain's gray matter (GM) have been interpreted as representations of neural activity variations. In previous research, white matter (WM) signals, often considered noise, have also been demonstrated to reflect characteristics of functional activity and interactions among different brain regions. Recently, functional gradients have gained significant attention due to their success in characterizing the functional organization of the whole brain.

Gut Microbiota-Derived Hyocholic Acid Enhances Type 3 Immunity and Protects Against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Neonatal Rats.

This study investigates how microbiome colonization influences the development of intestinal type 3 immunity in neonates. The results showed that reduced oxygen levels in the small intestine of neonatal rats induced by Saccharomyces boulardii accelerated microbiome colonization and type 3 immunity development, which protected against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Microbiome maturation increased the abundance of microbiome-encoded bile salt hydrolase (BSH) genes and hyocholic acid (HCA) levels.

Osteopontin: an indispensable component in common liver, pancreatic, and biliary related disease.

Background: The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas constitute a critically important system of digestive and endocrine organs in the human body, performing essential and complex physiological functions. At present, diseases of this digestive system have a high incidence in the world and is a more common disease. However, osteopontin (OPN) plays a crucial role in common liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases, and its mechanisms of action merit further exploration and study.

The formidable guardian: Type 3 immunity in the intestine of pigs.

Well-intestinal health is crucial for better growth performance in pigs. Type 3 immunity, which is one of the three types of immune responses in mammals, plays a vital role in maintaining intestinal homoeostasis. Therefore, we initially introduce the type 3 immune cells in the intestine of pigs, including their distribution, development, and function.