More Severe Brain Network Hierarchy Disorganization in Treatment-Naive Deficit Compared to Non-deficit Schizophrenia and Underlying Neurotransmitter Associations.

Background And Hypothesis: Deficit schizophrenia (DS) represents a distinct entity characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms, yet the neurobiological differences between DS and non-DS (NDS) remain undetermined. Using a gradient-based approach, we hypothesize that DS and NDS will exhibit convergent and divergent brain functional hierarchy patterns, each with a specific underlying neurotransmitter architecture.

Study Design: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging images were acquired from 44 treatment-naive DS, 55 treatment-naive NDS, and 60 matched healthy controls (HCs).

Nano-haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier increases the radiosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) could improve the hypoxic state of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and increase radiotherapy sensitivity. We assessed the effects of nano-HBOC + irradiation therapy (IR) on NSCLC cells and the effect on a mouse model. H385 human NSCLC cell line was used to evaluate the nano-HBOC effect + IR on the cellular partial pressure of oxygen (pO), cell activity and changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1-2 h post-exposure.

CT-Guided Lung Biopsy with Needle Embolization Using Gelatin Sponge Slurry to Prevent Pneumothorax and Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score Matching Controlled Study.

Rationale And Objective: To investigate whether using gelatin sponge slurry to seal the needle tract during computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy can reduce the incidence of pneumothorax (PTX) and pulmonary hemorrhage (PH).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, large-sample, controlled study was conducted in the Interventional Therapy Department of Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from December 2022 to January 2023. A total of 1126 patients were included.

[Therapeutic potential of ion channel modulation in Alzheimer's disease].

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prototypical neurodegenerative disorder, encompasses multifaceted pathological processes. As pivotal cellular structures within the central nervous system, ion channels play critical roles in regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter release. Extensive research has revealed significant alterations in the expression and function of ion channels in AD, implicating an important role of ion channels in the pathogenesis of abnormal Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and disruptions in calcium homeostasis and neural network functionality.

Altered Intra-Network Functional Connectivity Predicts the 6-Month Prognosis in Patients With Medication Overuse Headache: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Previous studies suggested that changes in functional connectivity (FC) within intrinsic resting-state networks (RSNs) might be associated with treatment responses during withdrawal in patients experiencing medication overuse headache (MOH). This study examined alterations in intra- and internetwork FC in intrinsic RSNs among MOH patients and explored the relationship between neuroimage changes and six-month prognoses.

Methods: This case-control study enrolled healthy controls and MOH patients.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genetic relationships with brain imaging measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes current evidence on associations between genetic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II molecules, which play key roles in antigen presentation and immune response regulation, and brain imaging phenotypes across various neurological and psychiatric conditions. The strongest associations were observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), where HLA-DRB1*15:01 was linked to increased lesion volume and disease progression. Meta-analyses revealed significant pooled effect sizes for both T1 and T2 lesion volumes.

Inhibition of autophagy attenuates cognitive decline and mitochondrial dysfunction in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) on cognitive function, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, cellular autophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model, and to evaluate the intervention effects of autophagy modulation on these outcomes. Utilizing the APP/PS1 mouse model combined with CCH, we assessed cognitive function, Aβ deposition, and the expression levels of relevant proteins through behavioral tests and immunohistochemical analysis. Our findings revealed pronounced cognitive deficits and increased Aβ deposition in the AD + CCH group mice, along with upregulation of mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1, Fis1) and downregulation of mitochondrial fusion proteins (Opa1, Mfn1), indicating a shift towards mitochondrial fission and promoting cell apoptosis.

Myristica fragrans water extract modulates multiple biological processes to pre-protect anhydrous ethanol-induced gastric ulcers via Akt/JNK/Nrf2 pathway activation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and edible spice. According to Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China, it has the effects of warming the middle and promoting qi, astringent intestines, and antidiarrheal. In the record of Compendium of Materia Medica, it is the myristica fragrans water extract (MFWE) that is utilized for therapeutic purposes of gastrointestinal disorders frequently.

Altered brain complexity in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia: A whole-brain voxel-wise study.

Background: Measures of cortical topology are believed to characterize large-scale cortical networks. Previous studies used region of interest (ROI)-based approaches with predefined templates that limit analyses to linear pair-wise interactions between regions. As cortical topology is inherently complex, a non-linear dynamic model that measures the brain complexity at the voxel level is suggested to characterize topological complexities of brain regions and cortical folding.

Energy dataset of Frontier supercomputer for waste heat recovery.

The Hewlett Packard Enterprise-Cray EX Frontier is the world's first and fastest exascale supercomputer, hosted at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility in Tennessee, United States. Frontier is a significant electricity consumer, drawing 8-30 MW; this massive energy demand produces significant waste heat, requiring extensive cooling measures. Although harnessing this waste heat for campus heating is a sustainability goal at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the 30 °C-38 °C waste heat temperature poses compatibility issues with standard HVAC systems.

Progressive alterations of resting-state hypothalamic dysconnectivity in schizophrenia.

Background: The hypothalamus may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Investigating hypothalamus dysfunction in schizophrenia and probing how it is related to symptoms and responds to antipsychotic medication is crucial for understanding the potential mechanism of hypothalamus dysfunction under the long-term illness.

Methods: We recruited 216 patients with schizophrenia, including 140 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients (FES, including 44 patients with 1-year follow-up data), 76 chronically treated schizophrenia (CTS), and 210 healthy controls (HC).

Carbon monoxide polyhemoglobin improves the therapeutic effect and relieves inflammation in the colon tissue of haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the therapeutic effect of carbon monoxide polyhemoglobin (polyCOHb) in haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: 48 rats were divided into two experimental parts, and 36 rats in the first experiment and 12 rats in the second experiment. In the first experimental part, 36 animals were randomly assigned to the following groups: hydroxyethyl starch group (HES group,  = 12), polyhemoglobin group (polyHb group,  = 12), and carbon monoxide polyhemoglobin group (polyCOHb group,  = 12).

Applications of MRI in Schizophrenia: Current Progress in Establishing Clinical Utility.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that significantly impacts the lives of affected individuals and with increasing mortality rates. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes but the lack of validated biomarkers poses great challenges in such efforts. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in schizophrenia enables the investigation of the disorder's etiological and neuropathological substrates in vivo.

Prognostic value of plasma Aβ1-40 for Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of plasma p-amyloid 1-40 (Aβ1-40) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 305 patients, with or without Alzheimer's disease (AD), who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities and the People's Hospital of Baise between January 2018 and December 2021 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: an AD group (n=147) and a non-AD group (without AD, n=158 cases).

Quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker method combined with UPLC-PAD fingerprint analysis based on saikosaponin for discrimination of Bupleuri Radix according to geographical origin.

Saikosaponins are regarded as one of the most likely antipyretic constituents of Bupleuri Radix, establishing a comprehensive method that can reflect both the proportion of all constituents and the content of each saikosaponin is critical for its quality evaluation. In this study, the combination method of quantitative analysis of multiple components with a single marker (QAMS) and fingerprint was firstly established for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that saikosaponin d was identified as the optimum IR by evaluating the fluctuations and stability of the relative calibration factors (RCFs) under four different conditions.

The difference in volumetric alternations of the orbitofrontal-limbic-striatal system between major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and voxel-based meta-analysis.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (ANX) are psychiatric disorders with high mutual comorbidity rates that might indicate some shared neurobiological pathways between them, but they retain diverse phenotypes that characterize themselves specifically. However, no consistent evidence exists for common and disorder-specific gray matter volume (GMV) alternations between them.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis on voxel-based morphometry studies of patients with MDD and ANX were performed.

Cardiovascular disease and depression: a narrative review.

In clinical practice, it is frequently observed that cardiac and psychological disorders frequently co-occur, leading to the emergence of a field known as cardiovascular disease with depression. Depression, in particular, poses a remarkable risk for the evolution of cardiovascular disease and intimately relates to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Moreover, individuals who are depressed exhibit a higher susceptibility to developing cardiovascular disease compared to those in good health.

Multiple uremic tumoral calcinosis in periarticular soft tissues with chronic renal failure: a case report.

Uremic tumoral calcinosis (UTC) is an uncommon and severe complication of hemodialysis therapy. The most important pathogenic factor involved in UTC is an increase in calcium-phosphorus products. We report here a patient undergoing hemodialysis for renal failure caused by hypertensive nephropathy who presented multiple UTCs in the right shoulder, left elbow and wrist.

Revealing the Roles of the JAZ Family in Defense Signaling and the Agarwood Formation Process in .

Jasmonate ZIM-domain family proteins (JAZs) are repressors in the signaling cascades triggered by jasmonates (JAs). It has been proposed that JAs play essential roles in the sesquiterpene induction and agarwood formation processes in . However, the specific roles of JAZs in remain elusive.

Analysis of the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 1 from Wild Jujube Reveals Genes Involved in the Degradation of Jujuboside A.

Jujubosides are the major medicinal ingredients of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (the seed of wild jujube). To date, a complete understanding of jujuboside's metabolic pathways has not been attained. This study has systematically identified 35 β-glucosidase genes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) using bioinformatic methods based on the wild jujube genome.

Preparation and exchange transfusion effect of a double polymerization human umbilical cord haemoglobin of red blood cell substitute.

The development of haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) is an excellent supplement to pre-hospital emergency blood transfusions. In this study, a new type of HBOC was prepared by using human cord haemoglobin (HCHb) and glutaraldehyde (GDA) and Bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate (DBBF) to modify (DBBF-GDA-HCHb), the changes of physicochemical indexes during its preparation were evaluated, while a traditional type of GDA-HCHb was prepared, and the oxygen-carrying capacity of two type of HBOC was evaluated by a rat model of 135.0% exchange transfusion (ET).