Boron-Modified Heterointerface Boosts Kesterite Solar Cells to 0.58 V Open-Circuit Voltage.

Achieving high open-circuit voltage (V) continues to pose a significant challenge for kesterite CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells, predominantly due to the pronounced charge carrier recombination occurring at heterointerface (HEI). To address this issue, an innovative non-metallic boron (B)-modification strategy is developed to optimize the HEI. The key advantages of this strategy are as follows: (i) Leveraging the strong bonding characteristic of B with three valence electrons, the dangling bonds on the absorber surface can be fully saturated, effectively passivating surface states without introducing new defects; (ii) Moreover, diffusion of B into the near-surface region of HEI during selenization process can create weak n-type B donor defects, which lowers the valence band maximum (VBM) of the absorber and mitigates Fermi level pinning.

Electron-Rich Cobalt Doping Engineered Dipole Moments in Delafossite CuFeO Nanosheets for High-Efficiency Solar Hydrogen Production.

In recent years, p-type CuFeO delafossite has attracted considerable interest as a cost-effective H evolution photocatalyst. However, the intrinsic alternating CuO/FeO layered architecture creates a high energy barrier for interlayer charge transfer, which causes rapid bulk recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, severely limiting their photocatalytic reactivity. In this study, CuFeO nanosheets are designed with electron-rich Co sites, which induced enhancement of dipole moment and thereby built-in electric field driving charge separation efficiently.

Obesity-associated macrophages dictate adipose stem cell ferroptosis and visceral fat dysfunction by propagating mitochondrial fragmentation.

Morbid obesity induces adipose stem cell (ASC) shortage that impairs visceral adipose tissue (VAT) homeostasis. Macrophages cooperate with ASCs to regulate VAT metabolism, their impact on ASC shortage remains elusive. TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is an important regulator in immune cells, its expression in VAT macrophages and function in macrophage-ASC crosstalk are largely unknown.

Anti-tumor Effects of Pollen Pini on Hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells via Modulation of PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway.

Objectives: To explore the effect of Pollen Pini (PP) on SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells.

Methods: The anti-proliferative effects of PP on SMMC-7721 cells were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 assay following 48 h treatment with concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 37.

A potent GalNAc-siRNA drug, RBD1016, leads to sustained HBsAg reduction and seroconversion in mouse models of HBV infection.

Potent small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs that could achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion and functional cure are currently lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of RBD1016, a novel GalNAc-conjugated siRNA drug targeting transcripts of hepatitis B virus (HBV), in animal models. RBD1016 was designed to target X gene of HBV (HBx) and showed strong activities on HBV DNA and HBsAg for multiple HBV genotypes and nucleoside-resistant viral strains in studies.

Research Progress and Application Scenarios of Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing: From Process Control to Performance Evaluation.

In recent years, with the innovation and continuous development of additive manufacturing technology, research on wire arc additive manufacturing technology (WAAM) has become increasingly common and in-depth in the chemical industry, mold manufacturing, and other fields. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of many universities, research institutes, and aerospace industries, conducted in-depth research on WAAM technology, and achieved certain research results. This paper briefly summarizes the current research status of arc additive manufacturing technology and summarizes the application status of WAAM technology in product development, personalized customization, traditional process replacement, "material-structure-function" integration, mold repair, etc.

Sishen pill alleviates ulcerative colitis via the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signaling pathway: Comprehensive validation through UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments.

Background: The "Sishen Pill" (SSP) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation traditionally employed in the treatment of diarrhea attributed to spleen-kidney yang deficiency, and it has exhibited notable clinical efficacy in managing ulcerative colitis (UC). Nevertheless, the bioactive compounds and the underlying mechanisms by which SSP exerts its therapeutic effects on UC remain inadequately elucidated.

Objectives: This study sought to systematically elucidate the bioactive constituents and the mechanism of action of SSP in the treatment of UC through the application of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experimentation.

Inhibition of Factor XI Using RBD4059: A Novel GalNAc-siRNA With Potent and Durable Antithrombotic Effects.

Coagulation factor XI (FXI) is an attractive target for novel antithrombotic drugs because of its minor role in hemostasis, which may address the current unmet medical need regarding a powerful anticoagulant with low bleeding risk. Here, we present RBD4059, the first FXI-targeting GalNAc-siRNA molecule to reach the clinical stage of development. In this study, RBD4059 demonstrated potent FXI inhibition with long duration in mice and monkeys, antithrombotic effects in mouse thrombosis models, and no prolonged bleeding in a mouse tail bleeding model.

Clinical characteristics and severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease by virus serotype: A prospective hospital-based cohort study.

The circulating enteroviruses (EVs) serotypes in hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) inpatients remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the serotype-specific associations between clinical characteristics and severity of HFMD inpatients. The study utilised a prospective, hospital-based cohort design and a tiered diagnostic algorithm incorporating real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR for serotyping.

A novel Ga-labeled cyclic peptide: A potential radiotracer for PET imaging of CD36-positive cancers.

Purpose: CD36, a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is involved in various cellular functions, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, and tumor initiation and progression, has been considered as an important therapeutic target of tumors. However, the lack of effective imaging methods for non-invasive monitoring of CD36 expression and assessing the efficacy of CD36-targeted therapies limits the clinical application of CD36-targeted therapeutic drugs. To address this issue, we designed and synthesized two novel CD36-targeted radiotracers, and evaluated their biological properties and imaging performance, in order to select the more effective candidate for potential application in monitoring the CD36 expression and assessing the therapeutic efficacy.

Aging-Induced Episodic-Like Memory Impairment Could be Alleviated by Melatonin Treatment via Preserving Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Upregulating CRTC1.

Background: Aging is accompanied by impairments in stimulus recognition, and decreased melatonin levels have been shown in aged mice and humans. These age-related changes are associated with an increased risk of neurological diseases. In the present study, our aim is to investigate whether melatonin supplementation could ameliorate age-related cognitive decline in aged mice.

Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Primary Care (2024).

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a drug-induced disease that not only complicates the treatment of the primary disease but may also lead to acute liver failure or even death in severe cases. Drugs commonly used in primary care, such as anti-infective agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are major causes of DILI. In addition, a large elderly population, comorbidities, and combination therapy with multiple drugs increase the risk of DILI in primary care.

Single iron catalyst with bi-atomic matching site to construct electrochemical chip for on-site inspection of antibiotic chloramphenicol.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) as an amide-alcohol antibiotic is extensively used in aquaculture industries and can accumulate in the human body through the food chain and water sources, leading to various diseases. On-site inspection of CAP remains a challenge due to the lack of portable and sensitive sensing platforms. Herein, a bi-atomic matching catalyst that comprises atomic Fe uniformly distributed on an N-doped graphene matrix (A-Fe-NG) is synthesized.

Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Could Reduce Lung Damage Caused by H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection.

Influenza A virus infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and to date, viral pneumonia has been the main cause of ARDS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise for treating lung injury caused by avian influenza virus infection. At present, studies of the use of other stem cell types to treat human influenza virus-mediated lung damage are sparse.

Astragaloside IV attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a bioactive saponin extracted from Radix Astragali, and it is reported to promote osteoblast differentiation while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. However, the mechanism of AS-IV in glucocorticoid-induced osteoclastogenesis (GIO) remains undetermined. Herein, we examined the influence of AS-IV on GIO and bone loss.

Research progress on N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in osteosarcoma: functions, mechanisms, and potential clinical applications.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly diagnosed primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic strategies against OS over the past few decades, the prognosis for this disease remains poor, largely due to its high invasiveness and challenges associated with its treatment. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most abundant epigenetic modifications of RNAs, and many studies have highlighted its crucial role in OS.

Weakening Pd─O Bonds by an Amorphous Pd Layer to Promote Electrocatalysis.

Construction of core-shell structured electrocatalysts with a thin noble metal shell is an effective strategy for lowering the usage of the noble metal and improving electrocatalytic properties because of the structure-induced geometric and electronic effects. Here, the synthesis of a novel core-shell structured nanocatalyst consisting of a thin amorphous Pd shell and a crystalline PdCu core and its significantly improved electrocatalytic properties for both formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions are shown. The electrocatalyst exhibits 4.

Annao Pingchong decoction attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage via RAGE-NOX2/4 axis.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe condition associated with high mortality and disability rates. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of secondary brain injury (SBI) following ICH. Previous research has demonstrated that Annao Pingchong decoction (ANPCD) treatment for ICH has antioxidant effects, but the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood.

Correction: An Improved Transplantation Strategy for Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Acute Myocardial Infarction Model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

SENP3-FIS1 axis promotes mitophagy and cell survival under hypoxia.

SUMOylation, the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins, and its reversal, deSUMOylation by SUMO proteases like Sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs), are crucial for initiating cellular responses to hypoxia. However, their roles in subsequent adaptation processes to hypoxia such as mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) remain unexplored. Here, we show that general SUMOylation, particularly SUMO2/3 modification, suppresses mitophagy under both normoxia and hypoxia.

Pine pollen reverses the function of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting α-Enolase mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of pine pollen (PP) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) behavior in vitro and in vivo and explore its mechanism of action by focusing on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and α-Enolase (ENO1) gene expression.

Methods: We performed a bioinformatics analysis of ENO1. HCC cells overexpressing ENO1 were developed by lentivirus transfection.

Clearance of p21 highly expressing senescent cells accelerates cutaneous wound healing.

While senescent cells have detrimental roles in several contexts, they are highly heterogeneous. p16 highly expressing senescent cells have been reported to exert beneficial functions in wound healing. Here we use Xenium spatial transcriptomics to identify a distinct p21 highly expressing senescent population induced on wounding, with a pro-inflammatory profile.

SUMOylation of MFF coordinates fission complexes to promote stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation.

Mitochondria undergo fragmentation in response to bioenergetic stress, mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) recruitment to the mitochondria. The major pro-fission DRP1 receptor is mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), and mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 and 51 kilodaltons (MiD49/51), which can sequester inactive DRP1. Together, they form a trimeric DRP1-MiD-MFF complex.

LncRNA ZFAS1/miR-186-5p axis is involved in oxidative stress inhibition of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting BTG2.

Objective: To probe the involvement of long noncoding RNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1)/microRNA (miR)-186-5p axis in inhibiting oxidative stress in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) by targeting B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2).

Methods: The MIRI mice model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice. The in vitro MIRI model was constructed by hypoxia and reoxygenation of HL-1 cardiomyocytes.

Development of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles: Targeting and Therapeutic Aspects.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as leading non-viral carriers for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in clinical applications. Overcoming challenges in safe and effective mRNA delivery to target tissues and cells, along with controlling release from the delivery vehicle, remains pivotal in mRNA-based therapies. This review elucidates the structure of LNPs, the mechanism for mRNA delivery, and the targeted delivery of LNPs to various cells and tissues, including leukocytes, T-cells, dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic endothelial cells, and hepatic and extrahepatic tissues.