Astragaloside IV attenuates glucocorticoid-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a bioactive saponin extracted from Radix Astragali, and it is reported to promote osteoblast differentiation while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. However, the mechanism of AS-IV in glucocorticoid-induced osteoclastogenesis (GIO) remains undetermined. Herein, we examined the influence of AS-IV on GIO and bone loss.

Proteomics-based evaluation of the mechanism underlying vascular injury via DNA interstrand crosslinks, glutathione perturbation, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Wnt and ErbB signaling pathways induced by crotonaldehyde.

Crotonaldehyde (CRA)-one of the major environmental pollutants from tobacco smoke and industrial pollution-is associated with vascular injury (VI). We used proteomics to systematically characterize the presently unclear molecular mechanism of VI and to identify new related targets or signaling pathways after exposure to CRA. Cell survival assays were used to assess DNA damage, whereas oxidative stress was determined using colorimetric assays and by quantitative fluorescence study; additionally, cyclooxygenase-2, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, Wnt3a, β-catenin, phospho-ErbB2, and phospho-ErbB4 were assessed using ELISA.

Glyoxal damages human aortic endothelial cells by perturbing the glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Background: Exposure to glyoxal, the smallest dialdehyde, is associated with several diseases; humans are routinely exposed to glyoxal because of its ubiquitous presence in foods and the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the damage caused by glyoxal in human aortic endothelial cells.

Methods: Cell survival assays and quantitative fluorescence assays were performed to measure DNA damage; oxidative stress was detected by colorimetric assays and quantitative fluorescence, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were assessed using western blotting.

Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Acute Coronary Syndrome Based on circRNA-miRNA Network Regulation.

Background: With the development of biological technology, biomarkers for the prevention and diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have become increasingly evident. However, the study of novel circular RNAs (circRNAs) in ACS is still in progress. This study aimed to investigate whether the regulation of circRNA-miRNA networks is involved in ACS pathogenesis.

Mixed-Dimensional Van der Waals Heterostructure Photodetector.

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, integrated two-dimensional (2D) materials with various functional materials, provide a distinctive platform for next-generation optoelectronics with unique flexibility and high performance. However, exploring the vdW heterostructures combined with strongly correlated electronic materials is hitherto rare. Herein, a novel temperature-sensitive photodetector based on the GaSe/VO mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructure is discovered.

Manipulating Behaviors from Heavy Tungsten Doping on Interband Electronic Transition and Orbital Structure Variation of Vanadium Dioxide Films.

Vanadium dioxide (VO) with a metal-insulator transition (MIT) has been supposed as a candidate for optoelectronic devices. However, the MIT temperature ( T) above room temperature limits its application scope. Here, high-quality VW O films have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition.

Aldehydes with high and low toxicities inactivate cells by damaging distinct cellular targets.

Aldehydes are genotoxic and cytotoxic molecules and have received considerable attention for their associations with the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In addition, exposure to anthropogenic aldehydes increases human health risks. The general mechanism of aldehyde toxicity involves adduct formation with biomolecules such as DNA and proteins.