miR142 silencing alleviates retinal inflammation by impairing mitochondrial function and reprogramming metabolism of CD4 T cells via targeting MTFR1.

Background: Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening inflammatory disease of the retina. MicroRNA-142 (miR-142) has been implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-142 in uveitis and its underlying mechanisms.

STING Deficiency Promotes Th17-Like Tfh to Aggravate the Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism that Th17-like T follicular helper cells (Tfh) orchestrated by STING signaling have a pathogenic role in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).

Methods: The differences of transcriptome and gene ontology (GO) pathway of Tfh between EAU and control mice were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequence. Additionally, draining lymph nodes (DLNs) were extracted to verify the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ in Tfh from EAU and control mice by flow cytometry.

Neutrophil extracellular traps potentiate effector T cells via endothelial senescence in uveitis.

Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is a sight-threatening ocular autoimmune disorder that often manifests as retinal vasculitis. Increased neutrophil infiltration around retinal vessels has been reported during the progression of AU, while how they function is not fully recognized. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), produced by activated neutrophils, have been suggested to be detrimental in autoimmune diseases.

Circadian Rhythm Disruption Exacerbates Autoimmune Uveitis: The Essential Role of PER1 in Treg Cell Metabolic Support for Stability and Function.

Circadian rhythm plays a critical role in the progression of autoimmune diseases. While our previous study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of melatonin in experimental autoimmune uveitis, the involvement of circadian rhythm remained unclear. Using a light-induced circadian rhythm disruption model, we showed that disrupted circadian rhythms exacerbate autoimmune uveitis by impairing the stability and function of Treg cells.

Efficacy and safety of minocycline in retinitis pigmentosa: a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is characterized by progressive photoreceptor cells death accelerated by the proliferation and activation of microglia pathologically. No consensus exists on the treatment. Minocycline is recognized as a microglia inhibitor with great anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective functions.

Selective BD2 Inhibitor Exerts Anti-Fibrotic Effects via BRD4/FoxM1/Plk1 Axis in Orbital Fibroblasts From Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: We investigated the therapeutic potential of ABBV744, a bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor with selectivity for the second bromodomain (BD2) in thyroid eye disease (TED). The anti-fibrotic effects of ABBV744 and its underlying mechanism were explored in cultured orbital fibroblasts (OFs) from patients with TED.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays were conducted on orbital connective tissues from TED and controls.

Doxycycline vs Placebo at 12 Weeks in Patients With Mild Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Mild thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) negatively impacts quality of life, yet no clinical guidelines for its treatment are available. Existing evidence supports the use of doxycycline in treating mild TAO.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term (12 weeks) efficacy of doxycycline in treating mild TAO.

Apolipoprotein A1 Modulates Teff/Treg Balance Through Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-Dependent Mechanisms in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Purpose: Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a representative animal model of human uveitis. In this study, we investigated whether apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) can alleviate EAU and explored its underlying mechanism.

Methods: Mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 1-20 and treated with APOA1 or vehicle.

Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, modulates Th17 cells via the reactive-oxygen species/TXNIP/HIF-1α axis to alleviate autoimmune uveitis.

Background: Melatonin, an indoleamine produced by the pineal gland, plays a pivotal role in maintaining circadian rhythm homeostasis. Recently, the strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin have attracted attention of researchers. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), which is a representative animal model of human autoimmune uveitis.

Hydroxychloroquine Alleviates EAU by Inhibiting Uveitogenic T Cells and Ameliorating Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cells Dysfunction.

Purpose: Inflammation triggers the activation of CD4T cells and the breakdown of blood-retinal barrier, thus contributing to the pathology of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We explored the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on EAU and the potential mechanisms active in T cells and retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs).

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein 1-20 (IRBP) to induce EAU and then treated with the vehicle or HCQ (100 mg/kg/day).

The Calcium Channel Inhibitor Nimodipine Shapes the Uveitogenic T Cells and Protects Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis through the p38-MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is a sight-threatening ocular inflammatory disorder, characterized by massive retinal vascular leakage and inflamed lesions with infiltration of the uveitogenic T cells in the retina and disorders of the T cell-related immune response in the system. Stimulation of TCRs can trigger calcium release and influx via Ca channels and then transmit signals from the surface to the nucleus, which are important for energy metabolism, proliferation, activation, and differentiation. Inhibition of Ca influx by pharmacological modulation of Ca channels may suppress T cell function, representing a novel anti-inflammatory strategy in the treatment of AU.

Azithromycin modulates Teff/Treg balance in retinal inflammation via the mTOR signaling pathway.

Uveitis is one of the most common blindness-causing ocular disorders. Due to its complicated pathogenesis, the treatment of uveitis has been widely recognized as a challenge for ophthalmologists. Recently, the anti-inflammatory properties of the antibiotic Azithromycin (AZM) have been reported.

Assessing Graph-based Deep Learning Models for Predicting Flash Point.

Flash points of organic molecules play an important role in preventing flammability hazards and large databases of measured values exist, although millions of compounds remain unmeasured. To rapidly extend existing data to new compounds many researchers have used quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analysis to effectively predict flash points. In recent years graph-based deep learning (GBDL) has emerged as a powerful alternative method to traditional QSPR.