Deciphering transcriptomic changes in chemobrain: a comprehensive review.

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments (CICI), colloquially known as "chemobrain," represents a profound and debilitating side effect experienced by a significant number of cancer survivors, impacting their memory, multitasking, and quality of life. This review critically evaluates the molecular mechanisms underlying CICI, with a particular focus on the insights gained from transcriptomic analyses. As cancer incidence rises globally, understanding the complex interplay between chemotherapy agents and their cognitive repercussions becomes increasingly vital.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 4-Targeted Radiotracers for Oncological Imaging.

C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), which is overexpressed in various cancers, has been considered as an important target for cancer theranostics. In this study, a series of small molecule radiotracers targeting CXCR4 were developed and obtained with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Among seven radiotracers, [Ga]Ga-SDNUM04 showed favorable binding affinity ( = 32.

Neuroligin-3 interaction with CSPG4 regulates normal and malignant glial precursors through PIEZO1.

Glioma pathophysiology is robustly regulated by interactions with neurons. Key to these interactions is the role of neuroligin-3 (NLGN3), a synaptic adhesion molecule shed in response to neuronal activity that functions as a paracrine factor crucial for glioma growth. Here, we elucidate the mechanistic pathway whereby shed NLGN3 interacts with glioma and their normal glial counterpart.

Lanthanum-loaded ZIF nanomaterials for caries prevention.

Dental caries represents one of the most widespread oral health challenges worldwide, impacting people of every age demographic. Traditional anticaries strategies primarily rely on fluoride, yet its chronic overuse may lead to health issues such as dental fluorosis. Lanthanum (La), a rare earth element, has emerged as a promising fluoride alternative due to its low toxicity and strong anticaries activity.

Role of risk factors and their variable types in predicting noise-induced hearing loss using artificial intelligence algorithms.

Early prediction and warning of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in workers is critical. This study aimed to explore the role of risk factors and their variable types to NIHL prediction through machine learning (ML) techniques. Data on exposure and NIHL were sourced from the Chinese National Occupational Disease Surveillance Programs and field measurements involving 15,160 workers.

Comprehensive analysis through multi-omics integration to compare and elucidate the specific substances in milk of donkey、horse、camel、human and pig.

Featured milk generally refers to less common dairy products with unique sources or specific nutritional components and functional characteristics. We used omics methods to study the lipids, metabolites, and proteins in donkey milk, mare milk, and camel milk and compared them with human milk and pig milk. The phospholipid content in camel milk is relatively high.

Deciphering Local Microstrain-Induced Optimization of Asymmetric Fe Single Atomic Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction.

Disrupting the symmetric electron distribution of porphyrin-like Fe single-atom catalysts has been considered as an effective way to harvest high intrinsic activity. Understanding the catalytic performance governed by geometric microstrains is highly desirable for further optimization of such efficient sites. Here, we decipher the crucial role of local microstrain in boosting intrinsic activity and durability of asymmetric Fe single-atom catalysts (Fe-NS) by replacing one N atom with S atom.

Introduction of cobalt vacancies in nickel-cobalt bimetallic oxide hollow multi-shell microspheres for peroxymonosulfate activation: Synergistic interaction of high-valent cobalt-oxygen species with singlet oxygen.

The strategic engineering of spinel-derived Fenton-like catalysts for persulfate activation via non-radical pathways presents significant potential for advanced water remediation technologies. In this paper, a hollow multi-shell (HMs) catalyst with cationic cobalt vacancy (NiCo/HMs) was designed by combining the sequential template method and strong alkali etching method, and was used for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The NiCo/HMs/PMS system achieved 95.

[Ga]Ga-NOTA-C-IPB-AIT: A novel radiotracer for in vivo detection of TREM-1 expression.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) plays a critical role in the initiation and advancement of cancer. The noninvasive and rapid detection of TREM-1 expression provides a significant value for oncologic diagnosis, tumor evaluation and the guide of TREM-1-targeted therapy. In this study, we developed three peptide-based TREM-1 targeted radiotracers and evaluated their radiochemical and biological properties, in order to identify the candidate for the detection of TREM-1 expression on tumors.

High-Sensitivity All-Fiber Sensor Smart Gloves for Hand Perception.

Flexible piezoresistive sensors (FPSs) with high sensitivity and conformability are crucial for achieving fine operations in electronic gloves. In this work, a chemical grafting method is used to ensure strong interfacial bonding between the conductive phase and the flexible polyimide (PI) matrix with a high glass transition temperature (). This design helps to tackle the stress relaxation and interfacial debonding problems commonly faced by FPSs.

Enantioselective Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution of Nitroolefins for the Synthesis of 3-Alkenyl Oxindoles.

An asymmetric catalytic nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SV) reaction of 5-thiazol-4-ones and nitroolefins has been developed for the synthesis of 3-alkenyl oxindoles. The enantioselective SV reaction with a nitro group as the leaving group proceeded smoothly to afford 3-alkenyl oxindoles in good yields with high regio- and enantioselectivity. The reaction showed broad substrate applicability.

NiFe/NiFeO heterojunction engineering and vanadium promoter synergetically accelerating urea degradation.

Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is significant in reducing hydrogen production energy consumption and treating urea wastewater, necessitating the development of efficient UOR electrocatalysts. Herein, we develop a vanadium (V)-doped NiFe/NiFeO heterojunction (V-NiFe/NiFeO), wherein the combined effect of V doping and the heterojunction architecture improve the material's conductivity, facilitate electron transfer, and optimize the electronic structure of active sites. Consequently, the V-NiFe/NiFeO electrocatalyst requires a potential of only 1.

Ferroelectric α-InSe Semi-floating Gate Transistors for Multilevel Memory and Optoelectronic Logic Gate.

Progress in artificial intelligence (AI) demands efficient data storage and high-speed processing. Traditional von Neumann architecture, with space separation of memory and computing units, struggles with increased data transmission, causing power inefficiency and date latency. To address this challenge, we designed a semi-floating gate transistor (SFGT) that integrates data storage and logical operation into a single device by employing a ferroelectric semiconductor α-InSe as a semi-floating gate layer.

Disrupting neuron-tumor networking connections.

Neurons are key to brain tumor pathogenesis. Though direct synaptic connections between neurons and glioblastoma cells had been revealed, the nature of such connections remained enigmatic. In a recent issue of Cell, Tetzlaff et al.

Ion-induced Effect of Ce, Ni Dual Site Doped LaCoO Catalyst for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation.

Perovskite oxides exhibit excellent performance in water oxidation, but still lacks a precise regulation strategy for the active sites, while the reaction mechanism is poorly understood. Herein, an ion-induced effect (IIE) is proposed of Ce, Ni dual site doped LaCoO(CeNi-LaCoO), where Ni induces the binding of Co species into bimetallic sites, and Ce induces the activation of Co species and reduces the Co-O binding energy. Benefiting from the IIE of Ni and Ce, the optimized CeLaNiCoO exhibits excellent OER performance with an overpotential of only 330 mV when the current density reached 10 mA cm, the Tafel slope of 70.

Dual-Encoder UNet-Based Narrowband Uncooled Infrared Imaging Denoising Network.

Uncooled infrared imaging systems have significant potential in industrial hazardous gas leak detection. However, the use of narrowband filters to match gas spectral absorption peaks leads to a low level of incident energy captured by uncooled infrared cameras. This results in a mixture of fixed pattern noise and Gaussian noise, while existing denoising methods for uncooled infrared images struggle to effectively address this mixed noise, severely hindering the extraction and identification of actual gas leak plumes.

Metabolic and ecological responses of denitrifying consortia to different carbon source strategies under fluctuating C/N conditions.

Frequent fluctuations in the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of urban wastewater influent can undermine denitrification performance, posing challenges for stable nitrogen removal. Although supplying additional carbon sources is a recognized strategy to mitigate these issues, the underlying microbial interactions and metabolic reconfigurations triggered by changing C/N ratios remain incompletely understood. Here, we employed methanol, glycerol, sodium acetate, and glucose in long-term denitrification reactors and integrated denitrification kinetics, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomic binning, and metabolic modeling to elucidate how these systems respond to a declining C/N ratio.

Modulation anisotropy of nanomaterials toward monolithic integrated polarization-sensitive photodetectors.

By virtue of the unique ability of providing additional information beyond light intensity and spectra, polarization-sensitive photodetectors could precisely identify targets in several concealed, camouflaged, and non-cooperative backgrounds, making them highly suitable for potential applications in remote sensing, astronomical detection, medical diagnosis, . Therefore, to provide a comprehensive design guideline for a wide range of interdisciplinary researchers, this review provides a general overview of state-of-the-art linear, circular, and full-Stokes polarization-sensitive photodetectors. In particular, from the perspectives of technological progress and the development of nanoscience, the detailed discussion focuses on strategies to simplify high-performance polarization-sensitive photodetectors, reducing their size and achieving a smaller volume.

Sustainable solutions for water scarcity: a review of electrostatic fog harvesting technology.

Amid global climate change and population growth, traditional water acquisition methods face challenges. Electrostatic fog harvesting technology offers a novel solution for arid regions, leveraging space charges and electric fields to convert fog into usable water. This article explores the fundamental processes, structure, and enhancement methods of electrostatic fog collectors (EFC), focusing on recent research progress.

Outcomes of Corticosteroids Combined with 15 Mg/Week Methotrexate as Initial Treatment for Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of initial treatment combining corticosteroids and 15 mg/week methotrexate (MTX) for acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH).

Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal observational case series was conducted. Newly onset VKH patients received corticosteroids combining 15 mg/week MTX, and follow-up period ≥ 6 months were consecutively enrolled.

Application of suture-stretching technique in repairing skin defect of lower limb.

Background: Wound repair methods are commonly used in clinical practice, such as skin graft and flap repair, which can cause secondary injuries, and high costs. Many methods for skin stretching and repair have been reported domestically and internationally. However, their clinical use is limited owing to lack of equipment, complexity, and high costs.

Preparation and preclinical evaluation of Ga-labeled alendronate analogs for diagnosis of bone metastases.

Bone is one of the most common target organs for distant metastases of solid tumors, which imposes a heavy burden on society. Early diagnosis of bone metastases is of great significance and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of bone metastases. PET tracers applied for diagnosing bone metastases are constantly being updated, but they all have certain limitations like a relatively low bone/kidney ratio or no capacity to label therapeutic radionuclides.