Distinct Inflammatory Profiles and Clinical Characteristics of NMOSD: A Comparative Analysis with NMOSD-like and Encephalitis-like MOG-AD.

To better differentiate neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), it is crucial to systematically explore the correlation between their clinical and immunological characteristics. Utilizing high-throughput protein detection technologies, we analyzed 92 inflammation-related proteins in plasma samples from NMOSD ( = 50), NMOSD-like MOGAD ( = 12), and encephalitis-like MOGAD ( = 8) groups. In this study, we found that seizures (2% vs 30%, < 0.

Smoking and High-Altitude Exposure Affect Intrinsic Neural Activity: A fMRI Study of Interactive Effects.

Smoking and high-altitude (HA) exposure both adversely affect human health, with smoking linked to various cancers and high-altitude environments causing physiological and neurological changes. Although the effects of smoking and HA exposure on brain structure and function have been studied separately, their combined impact is still rarely explored. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of smoking and HA exposure on intrinsic brain activity using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analysed by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) method.

Dual-Encoder UNet-Based Narrowband Uncooled Infrared Imaging Denoising Network.

Uncooled infrared imaging systems have significant potential in industrial hazardous gas leak detection. However, the use of narrowband filters to match gas spectral absorption peaks leads to a low level of incident energy captured by uncooled infrared cameras. This results in a mixture of fixed pattern noise and Gaussian noise, while existing denoising methods for uncooled infrared images struggle to effectively address this mixed noise, severely hindering the extraction and identification of actual gas leak plumes.

An Improved pH-Driven Method for Upcycling Polyphenols from Plants or Byproducts into Foods.

The incorporation of polyphenols into food systems provides various health benefits, yet their stability and bioactivity are often compromised by processing conditions. In this study, we advanced the pH-driven method for processing highly pH-sensitive polyphenols, such as quercetin, by optimizing operating conditions, including minimizing oxygen exposure and reducing operating times. As a result, an improved post-pH-driven (PPD) method was developed to encapsulate pH-sensitive quercetin into nanoemulsions with an encapsulation efficiency exceeding 95%, indicating that this method could be broadly applicable for incorporating various polyphenols.

Gliomedin drives gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration, correlating with a poor prognosis.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent global malignancy, often diagnosed at advanced stage due to a lack of early symptoms and reliable markers. Previous research has identified gliomedin (GLDN) as a potential predictive marker for poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the specific relationship between GLDN expression and GC prognosis has been unclear.

Advancements and challenges in stem cell transplantation for regenerative medicine.

Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising avenue in regenerative medicine, potentially facilitating tissue repair in degenerative diseases and injuries. This review comprehensively examines recent developments and challenges in stem cell transplantation. It explores the identification and isolation of various stem cell types, including embryonic, induced pluripotent, and adult stem cells derived from multiple sources.

Dietary fatty acids and gallstone risk: insights from NHANES and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Prior research suggests polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may prevent gallstones, but evidence on saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is limited. This study aims to explore the associations between fatty acids and gallstones using a large sample of American population and Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.

Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 6,629 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020.

Engineering Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties in α-Conotoxin RgIA through D-Type Amino Acid Substitution and Incorporation of Lysine and Leucine Residues.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), acknowledged as host defense peptides, constitute a category of predominant cationic peptides prevalent in diverse life forms. This study explored the antibacterial activity of α-conotoxin RgIA, and to enhance its stability and efficacy, D-amino acid substitution was employed, resulting in the synthesis of nine RgIA mutant analogs. Results revealed that several modified RgIA mutants displayed inhibitory efficacy against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including and .

Whole-exome sequencing reveals mutational profiles of anorectal and gynecological melanoma.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare and highly malignant type of melanoma. Among the sites that mucosal melanoma arises, anorectal and gynecological melanoma has more aggressive behavior and worse prognosis. There was no effective therapy for mucosal melanoma at present.

Long-term outcomes in a retrospective cohort of patients with rectal cancer with complete response after total neoadjuvant therapy: a propensity-score weighted analysis.

Background: The watch-and-wait (W&W) strategy is a novel treatment option for patients with rectal cancer who have a strong desire for organ preservation. The study aimed to explore the long-term outcomes of the W&W strategy in a large cohort of rectal cancer patients who achieved a clinical complete response (cCR) after consolidation total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), and to compare with patients who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) after radical surgery.

Methods: The W&W group comprised patients who were assessed as having a cCR after consolidation TNT and adopted the W&W strategy.

Comprehensive Review of Phytochemical Profiles and Health-Promoting Effects of Different Portions of Wampee ().

, commonly known as wampee, is a subtropical fruit from the Rutaceae family characterized by its high nutrient content and numerous bioactive substances. This low-fat fruit is abundant in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acids. Wampee has been found to contain several bioactive compounds, including essential oils, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids.

Multi-Integration Time Adaptive Selection Method for Superframe High-Dynamic-Range Infrared Imaging Based on Grayscale Information.

With the development of superframe high-dynamic-range infrared imaging technology that extends the dynamic range of thermal imaging systems, a key issue that has arisen is how to choose different integration times to obtain an HDR fusion image that contains more information. This paper proposes a multi-integration time adaptive method, in order to address the lack of objective evaluation methods for the selection of superframe infrared images, consisting of the following steps: image evaluation indicators are used to obtain the best global exposure image (the optimal integration time); images are segmented by region-growing point to obtain the ambient/high-temperature regions, selecting the local optimum images with grayscale closest to the medium grayscale of the IR imaging system for the two respective regions (lowest and highest integration time); finally, the three images above are fused and enhanced to achieve HDR infrared imaging. By comparing this method with some existing integration time selection methods and applying the proposed method to some typical fusion methods, via subjective and objective evaluation, the proposed method is shown to have obvious advantages over existing algorithms, and it can optimally select the images from different integration time series images to form the best combination that contains full image information, expanding the dynamic range of the IR imaging system.

Hybridization chain reaction circuit-based electrochemiluminescent biosensor for SARS-cov-2 RdRp gene assay.

In this work, we designed an ECL ratiometric biosensor with a three-stranded Y-type DNA (Y-DNA) probe and induced a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for the highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The important component of this system is the self-assembled Y-Shaped probe based on three nucleic acids. Y1, Y2, and Y3 can be linked by complementary base pairing to Hairpin1 (H1), Hairpin2 (H2), and Ru modified DNA (Ru1), respectively.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Their Pancreatic Effects.

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin secretory molecule. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) due to their attributes such as body weight loss, protection of islet β cells, promotion of islet β cell proliferation and minimal side effects. Studies have found that GLP-1R is widely distributed on pancreatic and other tissues and has multiple biological effects, such as reducing neuroinflammation, promoting nerve growth, improving heart function, suppressing appetite, delaying gastric emptying, regulating blood lipid metabolism and reducing fat deposition.

Association Between Three-Dimensional Transrectal Ultrasound Findings and Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: An Observational Study.

Background: There is a significant demand for the development of non-surgical methods for the evaluation of complete response to tumor therapy. Predicting ability and image quality of routine imaging has not been satisfactory. To avoid the deficiencies, we assessed the capability of three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients.

Grade G2 Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor Is Much More Invasive Compared With G1 Tumor.

Background: To compare clinicopathologic feature of rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) grade G1 with G2 NET.

Methods: Six hundred-one cases of rectal G1 and G2 NETs diagnosed in our center were analyzed.

Results: Of 601 cases of rectal NET, 515 cases were with grade G1 and 86 cases were with grade G2.

Very Early Colorectal Anastomotic Leakage within 5 Post-operative Days: a More Severe Subtype Needs Relaparatomy.

Early anastomotic leakage (AL), usually defined as leakage within 30 post-operative days, represents a severe entity. However, mounting evidence has indicated that majorities of leakage occur within one week after surgery, making late AL rarity. Here we analyzed 101 consecutive colorectal AL, all of which occurred within 30 post-operative days, during Jan 2013 and Dec 2015 in cancer hospital of Fudan University.

The Prognostic Value of Preoperative Serum CEA and CA19-9 Values in Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aims: There is disagreement about the prognostic value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in patients who have stage I-III colorectal cancer. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between preoperative serum CEA and CA19-9 levels and clinical outcome in patients with this disease.

Methodology: The study included 724 patients who had received radical resection for stage I-III colorectal cancer in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.

[Prognosis of patients with early enteral nutrition after gastrointestinal operation: a meta-analysis].

Objective: To systematically assess the effect of early enteral nutrition support after gastrointestinal operation on prognosis.

Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were retrieved via computer system for randomized controlled trails(RCTs) with early enteral nutrition support to patients undergoing gastrointestinal operation. Quality of studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Jadad rating scale.

Phase II trial of first-line chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy for synchronous unresectable distant metastases rectal adenocarcinoma.

Aims: Based on the hypothesis that first-line chemoradiation followed by chemotherapy was superior for primary tumor and non-inferior for distant lesions compared to chemotherapy alone in synchronous unresectable distant metastases rectal adenocarcinoma, this study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of this strategy.

Materials And Methods: Thirty two eligible patients received intensity modulated radiation therapy (45 Gy to the pelvis and a concomitant 10 Gy boost to the gross tumor), along with concurrent weekly capecitabine and oxaliplatin. Patients underwent radical surgery if all lesions were visually evaluated as resectable and received chemotherapy for a total of 6 months, whether pre- or post-operatively (definitive therapy group).

Retrospective analysis of perianal Paget's disease with underlying anorectal carcinoma.

Aim: To analyze clinical and pathological characteristics of an aggressive subtype of perianal Paget's disease (PPD) and explore its rational treatment modalities.

Methods: PPD patients were retrospectively collected in the institutional colorectal database of the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Detailed patient histories of past medical condition, diagnosis, treatment, and pathological findings were reviewed.

Standardized pelvic drainage of anastomotic leaks following anterior resection without diversional stomas.

Background: Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication in rectal cancer surgery. More than one third of rectal cancer patients with low anterior resection (LAR) will receive defunctional stomas during primary operation.

Methods: Six hundred thirty-nine consecutive rectal cancer patients, whose tumors were located 5 to 12 cm from the anal verge, were treated with LAR.

[Surgical correction of concealed penis].

Objective: To discuss the severity grading and procedure design of concealed penis.

Methods: Between June 2004 and April 2008, 196 cases of concealed penis were surgically corrected. The age ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 44 years, with a median of 9 years.