A simple liquid 3D cell culture paradigm models oxidative mitochondrial metabolism of epithelial breast cancer cells with relevance for lung metastases.

Unlabelled: Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have emerged as powerful tools to model tumor biology ex vivo. However, the diverse array of 3D culture methods available presents challenges in selecting the most appropriate model for specific research questions. This study provides a comparative analysis of breast cancer cells (SUM149, IBC-3, MDA-MB-468) in the mammosphere culture (SphC) model or an "emboli" culture (EmC) model, which enrich for cancer stem cells and epithelial features, respectively.

Glioblastoma Tumor Microtubes and Brain Fatty Acid-binding Protein: Path to Directional Infiltration.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer with a dismal prognosis. There is evidence that infiltration and therapy resistance in GBM are driven by tumor microtubes (TMs), ultra-long membrane-enclosed protrusions that serve as intercellular communication channels. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of TMs and identify the molecular drivers involved in TM formation.

Inequality in mortality risk of older adults between rural and urban areas exposure to temperature variations in China.

Background: Non-optimal ambient temperatures have been demonstrated to negatively affect a variety of health outcomes, particularly population mortality. However, the mortality risk of older adults between rural and urban areas exposure to temperature variations remain unclear.

Methods: Here, leveraging the panel data for 27,193 older adults from the largest and most complete Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey during 2005-2018, we explored the impacts of temperature variations like low/high and extreme temperatures on mortality risk of older adults in China.

Patient-derived colorectal microtumors predict response to anti-PD-1 therapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made remarkable impacts in treating various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, CRC still remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While microsatellite instability (MSI) CRC has shown positive responses to anti-PD-1 therapy, this subgroup represents a minority of all CRC patients.

Proteomics and single cell profiling identify keratin driven preexisting immunity influences lung squamous carcinoma neoadjuvant therapy.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) demonstrates heterogeneous responses to neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade, necessitating biomarkers for outcome prediction. Here, we identify tumor keratinization as a key determinant of therapeutic resistance. In 470 LUSC patients, elevated serum CYFRA 21-1 correlated with non-complete pathological response (non-CPR), while CK5/6 immunohistochemistry revealed strong association between keratinization and residual tumor burden.

Liposomal Emodin: A nanomedicine for two-photon imaging and mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder that severely affects patients' life quality due to its persistent nature, high recurrence rate, and limited treatment efficacy. In this study, we develop liposomal emodin (LE) and systematically evaluate its potential for psoriasis diagnosis and therapeutic treatment, particularly through two-photon-excited photodynamic therapy (TPE-PDT). LE demonstrates remarkable transdermal absorption, effectively penetrating psoriatic lesions and significantly alleviating skin inflammation and hyperkeratosis in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model.

Optimal gestational weight gain in women with pregestational type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study in China.

Background: The global prevalence of pregestational type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased concurrently with increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Effective weight management during pregnancy is critically associated with maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, no universally accepted guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) in high-risk pregnancies with T2DM currently exist.

Global research hotspots and trends of the vaccines: Based on ESI hot papers.

The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) hot papers on vaccine research and to provide a summary of the hot spots and development trends in the field. A systematic and comprehensive search for literature on vaccine research was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, and 81 ESI hot papers were obtained. A total of 81 ESI Hot Papers from 51 journals were identified in the domain of vaccines, of which 93.

A Multi-Algorithm Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Risk of Preterm Birth in Patients with Early-Onset Preeclampsia.

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors for preterm birth in patients with early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) based on multi-algorithm machine learning and to construct a predictive model to explore the predictive value of the model.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 442 EOPE patients from a single tertiary center, divided into preterm birth (<37 weeks, n=358) and term-born (≥37 weeks, n=84) groups. Univariate analysis, random forest importance assessment, lasso regression combined with multivariate regression analysis were used for feature evaluation.

A Study on the Value of Ultrasound Imaging Features in Predicting Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Carotid Arteries.

Purpose: This study evaluated the predictive value of ultrasound imaging features for intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in carotid atherosclerotic plaques, using high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) as the gold standard.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study assessed 70 carotid plaques from 56 patients who underwent conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI). Ultrasound features, including plaque echogenicity (PE), plaque ulceration (PU), juxtaluminal black area (JBA), normalized wall index (NWI), and lumen stenosis rate (LSR), among others, were systematically recorded.

Prediction of the Thermochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Containing Species: A Quantum Chemical Calculation and Group Additivity Approach.

With the growing demand for nitrogen-containing sustainable fuels and propellants, accurately predicting their thermochemical properties has become increasingly important. While quantum chemical calculation (QC) methods and calorimetric experiments offer high precision, they are often time-consuming and computationally intensive. In contrast, the group additivity (GA) method provides a faster alternative.

The role of HOXA1 in cancer and targeted therapy.

HOXA1 is a member of the HOX gene family, encoding a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates gene expression, morphogenesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. It plays a crucial role in the normal development of the human head, nervous system, heart, and brain vascular system. Numerous studies have shown that dysregulation of HOXA1 is associated with developmental abnormalities, various human diseases, and cancer.

Transient APC/C inactivation by mTOR boosts glycolysis during cell cycle entry.

Mammalian cells entering the cell cycle favour glycolysis to rapidly generate ATP and produce the biosynthetic intermediates that are required for rapid biomass accumulation. Simultaneously, the ubiquitin-ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and its coactivator CDH1 (APC/C) remains active, allowing origin licensing and blocking premature DNA replication. Paradoxically, glycolysis is reduced by APC/C through the degradation of key glycolytic enzymes, raising the question of how cells coordinate these mutually exclusive events to ensure proper cell division.

Organ-system-based subclassification of preeclampsia using machine learning predicts pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex disorder with significant variability in organ involvement. It remains unclear whether machine learning can identify organ-system-based subclasses of PE. This study aimed to identify novel subclasses of PE using organ-system biomarkers to improve pregnancy outcome prediction.

Structural basis for the activity regulation of Medicago calcium channel CNGC15.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) in plants mediate Ca influx in response to environmental changes. Among numerous plant CNGCs, Medicago truncatula CNGC15a/b/c (MtCNGC15) is localized to the nuclear envelope. The opening and closing cycle of MtCNGC15 is tightly associated with the Ca oscillation in symbiosis.

Identifying rubber-related genes through developing a sense/antisense RNA expression mutant library of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) is a promising alternative crop source for producing high-quality natural rubber (NR) and has become an ideal model plant for studying NR biosynthesis, regulation mechanisms, and production. So far, only a very limited number of functional genes related to NR biosynthesis have been identified in TKS. To achieve a systematic identification of its novel functional genes, we developed a mutant system denoted sense/antisense RNA expression (SARE) and have generated more than 8,000 transgenic TKS plants.

The sheet-to-helix transition is a potential gas-phase unfolding pathway for a multidomain protein CRM.

Despite the expansive applications of gas-phase unfolding techniques, the molecular mechanism for the solvent-free forced unfolding pathway which substrate multidomain proteins usually adopt remains elusive at the secondary structure level. Herein, upon carefully selecting CRM as a therapeutically-relevant model system containing multiple secondary structure-separated domains, we systematically examine its solvent-free unfolding pathway. Further-more, utilizing the hybrid of noncovalent chemical probing with niacinamide and ion mobility-mass spectrometry-guided all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we map a nearly complete unfolding atlas for the conjugate vaccine carrier protein CRM in a domain- and secondary structure-resolved manner.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Monovalent Omicron KP.2-Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults: Single-Arm Substudy from a Phase 2/3 Trial.

Introduction: COVID-19 continues to cause substantial health burden, particularly among vulnerable populations. Vaccines remain a vital tool in preventing severe disease outcomes. As the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve; therefore, updates may be needed to closely match COVID-19 vaccine composition to predominant circulating lineages to confer optimal protection.

Metal-Organic Framework and CdS Quantum Dots Coupled Enzyme Catalytic System Enhanced CO Reduction and Formate Synthesis.

Developing highly efficient catalysts to reduce and convert CO holds profound significance in addressing the global energy and environmental crises. In this work, an innovative hybrid photocatalyst is elaborately designed that integrates a metal-organic framework (MOF) and CdS quantum dots (QDs). The coordination and architecture structure of MOF crystals is readily modulated by increasing the number of benzenes in ligands, achieving a high coordination rate of Rh complex close to 100%.

Transformer for Multitemporal Hyperspectral Image Unmixing.

Multitemporal hyperspectral image unmixing (MTHU) holds significant importance in monitoring and analyzing the dynamic changes of surface. However, compared to single-temporal unmixing, the multitemporal approach demands comprehensive consideration of information across different phases, rendering it a greater challenge. To address this challenge, we propose the Multitemporal Hyperspectral Image Unmixing Transformer (MUFormer), an end-to-end unsupervised deep learning model.

Protein Kinase A Regulates the Cell Cycle to Affect the Induction Rate in the Parthenogenetic Reproduction of the Silkworm, .

Protein kinase A (PKA), commonly referred to as cAMP-dependent protein kinase, exists as a heterotetramer composed of two catalytic (C) and regulatory subunits (R). This versatile kinase exhibits regulatory functions in various biological processes including growth, division, and differentiation. Although PKA is well established as a master regulator of oocyte maturation across species, its functional role in insect parthenogenesis has remained enigmatic.

Comparison of thoracoscopy-guided thoracic paravertebral block and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for postoperative analgesia after uniportal thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Patients often experience persistent, intense pain following uniportal thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection (UTPWR). This pain is usually intervened with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) or thoracoscopic-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TG-TPB), a novel peripheral nerve block technique. Herein, we compared the analgesic effects of TG-TPB and PCIA post-UTPWR.

p53-mediated suppression of the SLC7 A11/GPX4 signaling pathway promotes trophoblast ferroptosis in preeclampsia.

Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death that occurs through increased plasma membrane phospholipid peroxidation in the context of impaired plasma membrane phospholipid peroxide repair systems. It has been reported that p53 can inhibit the expression of cysteine/glutamate reverse transporter solute carrier family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11), a key component of system Xc-, thus inhibiting cysteine uptake and promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation as an important part of cell ferroptosis. Preeclampsia (PE) is an idiopathic hypertensive disease of pregnancy.

Mental Fatigue Impairs Temporal Perceptual Prediction: A Study on Boxing Performance Across Skill Levels.

Objective: This study investigated the impact of mental fatigue on the temporal perceptual prediction of action recognition among boxers of different skill levels.

Methods: A mixed experimental design of two (groups: Mental Fatigue Expert Group and Mental Fatigue Novice Group) × two (technique types: attack and defense) × three (time shields: -80 ms, -40 ms, and action start) was implemented. Twenty expert and novice boxers participated in this study.