RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization.

Peripheral nerve injury-induced muscle atrophy is characterized by chronic inflammation and dysregulated macrophage polarization. RUNX1, a transcription factor upregulated in denervated muscle, has been implicated in linking muscle degeneration to inflammatory processes, but its downstream targets and mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to delineate the RUNX1-JUNB-NF-κB axis in driving inflammation-mediated muscle atrophy.

A disproportionality analysis of adverse events caused by pexidartinib from the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare neoplasm closely associated with dysregulation of the colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF1)/CSF1R signaling pathway, faces high recurrence rates despite surgical intervention, prompting exploration of CSF1R inhibitors like pexidartinib. This retrospective pharmacovigilance study analyzed pexidartinib-associated adverse events (AEs) from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data (Q4 2019-Q3 2024), employing disproportionality analyses (ROR, PRR, BCPNN, EBGM) and sensitivity assessments to evaluate 844 reports. Hepatic events (46.

Discovery and functional validation of a novel lotus root-derived peptide (EWGHLGL) alleviating oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.

Lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera) is a nutrient-rich source of bioactive peptides. This study extracted lotus root juice and identified a novel antioxidant peptide, EWGHLGL, using LC-MS/MS and computational methods including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking revealed its strong binding affinity to myeloperoxidase (MPO; -9.

Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence, and Safety of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Recently, a local pharmaceutical company produced levothyroxine sodium tablets, an endogenous drug that helps improve water-salt metabolism and reduce myxedema. However, the bioequivalence of these tablets is not well known. The present study aimed to investigate the bioequivalence, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a single oral dose of 2 levothyroxine sodium tablets in healthy adult Chinese subjects under fasting conditions.

Expression differences and relationships of endothelin-1, interleukin-6 and c-kit in hypertensive patients with and without depression.

Background: Hypertension is a chronic cardiovascular disease characterized by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure. It is not only a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction and stroke) but also closely related to multiple organ damages (such as kidney disease and retinopathy), imposing a heavy health and economic burden on individuals and society.

Aim: To investigate the expression differences and relationships of endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), stem cell factor (SCF), and its receptor (c-kit) in hypertensive patients with or without depression.

Prospective multicenter validation of a machine learning model for predicting anastomotic leakage in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing total or proximal gastrectomy.

Objective: Predicting esophago-gastric and esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage (AL) is inherently challenging. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical utility of a real-time machine learning model for predicting AL.

Background: AL is one of the most serious postoperative complications following esophagogastric and esophagojejunal anastomoses.

Twist1 silencing suppresses triple-negative breast cancer progression by reducing RNF40 transcription.

RING finger protein 40 (RNF40) has been reported to play a key role in cancer development, progression, and metastasis, and may act as an oncogene in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, the oncogenic role and upstream molecular mechanism of RNF40 in TNBC progression were investigated. Detection of mRNA and protein levels was performed using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, respectively.

Voxel- and surface-based morphometry in the cortical thickness and cortical and subcortical gray matter volume in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate alterations in whole-brain cortical thickness (CT) and cortical and subcortical gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with healthy controls (HC) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM). Furthermore, we sought to develop a combined predictive model based on these neuroimaging markers and assess their potential clinical utility for the early detection and diagnosis of AD.

Methods: A total of 42 patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate AD and 49 demographically matched HC were recruited for this study.

Probiotics Enhance Bone Density and Reduce Inflammation Postalveolar Surgery.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotic-based interventions in modulating the inflammatory response of periapical tissues and maintaining alveolar bone homeostasis following oral alveolar surgery.

Method: In this open-label, nonblinded trial, 80 patients undergoing alveolar surgery were randomised into an experimental group (n = 40) receiving postoperative Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 probiotics (10 CFU/d) and a control group (n = 40) receiving standard care. Alveolar bone density was measured via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 1, 3, and 5 months postsurgery.

Non-invasive left ventricular pressure-strain loop in predicting coronary artery occlusion in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: a cohort study.

This cohort study aims to evaluate the capability of non-invasive left ventricular pressure-strain loop (LV-PSL) analysis using myocardial work parameters to predict coronary artery occlusion in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). A total of 113 patients suspected of having NSTE-ACS underwent PSL analysis prior to coronary angiography to obtain myocardial work parameters such as global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and work efficiency (GWE). Based on the results of coronary angiography, patients were categorized into two groups: non-occluded (65 cases) and occluded (26 cases).

Trends in food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP): Mechanisms and treatment targeting gut microbiome.

Background: Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy characterized by subacute or chronic inflammatory processes in the gut. Unlike IgE-mediated food allergies that may cause multi-organ syndromes, non-IgE-mediated food allergies mainly affect the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of FPIAP is rising globally, becoming a significant health concern.

Research and application of thermosensitive Pickering emulsion with X-ray and ultrasound dual-modal imaging functions for intra-arterial embolization treatment.

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is the mainstay for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the performance of the embolization material is crucial in TAE. With the development of medical imaging and the birth of "X-ray-free" technologies, we designed a new dual-mode imaging material of dimethoxy tetraphenyl ethylene (DMTPE) via emulsification by mixing poly(isopropylacrylamideacrylic acid) (PNA) with lipiodol and fluorocarbons, which was evaluated for temperature sensitivity, stability, and dual-mode visualization . Additionally, blood vessel casting embolization and renal artery imaging were assessed in healthy rabbits.

PACAP inhibits sepsis-associated acute lung injury by inhibiting the Sp1/AQP1 pathway.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) represents a severe pathological state marked by uncontrolled inflammation, redox imbalance, and alveolar-capillary barrier breakdown. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in a murine sepsis-ALI model. PACAP treatment notably ameliorated histological damage, reduced oxidative stress biomarkers, and mitigated inflammatory processes, including neutrophil accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release.

Resveratrol and N-acetylcystein reduce hepatic steatosis but enhance initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting GST-pi-MAPK axis in mice.

Introduction: Accumulating evidence indicates that antioxidants promote tumor growth and metastasis after tumor onset in several cancer types. However, whether antioxidants prevent or accelerate hepatic tumorigenesis during steatosis remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol (RES) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development using two fatty liver mouse models.

Comparison of blood viscosity models in different degrees of carotid artery stenosis.

Background: Carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease significantly contributes to strokes, presenting a heightened risk of early recurrent ischemia. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has shown potential in predicting subsequent stroke recurrence in patients with carotid stenosis.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the differences in computational time and accuracy of four key hemodynamic indices-wall shear stress (WSS), time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT)-across different viscosity models, thereby providing optimal model selection for clinical cases and offering guidance for clinicians' decision-making.

Luteolin mitigates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant effects.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). It can progress to chronic injury and subsequently to chronic kidney disease (CKD) via the renal fibrosis pathway. Luteolin is one of the most commonly occurring flavonoids and exhibits potential therapeutic activity against various pathophysiological processes.

Perspectives on cancer therapy-synthetic lethal precision medicine strategies, molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets and current technical challenges.

In recent years, synthetic lethality has become an important theme in the field of targeted cancer therapy. Synthetic lethality refers to simultaneous defects in two or more genes leading to cell death, whereas defects in any single gene do not lead to cell death. Taking advantage of the genetic vulnerability that exists within cancer cells, it theoretically has no negative impact on healthy cells and has fewer side effects than non-specific chemotherapy.

The role of JPX in regulating FUS/SLC7A11 signaling pathway mediated ferroptosis in keloid fibroblasts and its potential in scar repair.

Background: Keloid scar, a fibrotic disease initiated by aberrant fibroblast proliferation, is influenced by ferroptosis. This investigation aims to elucidate the mechanism of lncRNA JPX regulating ferroptosis in keloid fibroblasts.

Methods And Results: We procured 30 samples of keloid tissue and adjacent normal skin tissues from patients undergoing treatment for keloid scars, subsequently isolating fibroblasts from both the keloid lesions and unaffected portions.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: an emerging therapeutic strategy for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) severely threatens the success rates of liver surgery and transplantation. Its complex pathological process involves multiple factors such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and ferroptosis, creating an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a next-generation acellular therapeutic approach.

Deficiency of Toll-like receptor 4 attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in an ovalbumine-induced mouse asthma model.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated elevated levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice compared to healthy counterparts, with a notable association between asthmatic inflammation and the sustained activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. The specific role of TLR4 in modulating airway inflammation and remodeling, however, remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of TLR4 deficiency on airway inflammation and remodeling in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse asthma model and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.

Pharmacokinetic simulations for remdesivir and its metabolites in healthy subjects and patients with renal impairment.

Introduction: Remdesivir (RDV) is used for treating COVID-19 patients. This study aims to utilize an pharmacokinetics model to simulate the pharmacokinetics of RDV, its intermediate metabolites (IM), and nucleoside monophosphate (NUC) in both healthy individuals and patients with renal impairment.

Methods: A system of six ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was developed to describe the concentration profiles of RDV, IM and NUC in both central and peripheral compartments, with metabolism assumed to occur in both.

Development and validation of nomograms to forecast overall survival and cancer-specific survival in Asian patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: Asian females with ovarian cancer have different clinicopathological characteristics compared with other races. However, an effective prognostic prediction tool is lacking. The goal of our study was to develop and evaluate nomograms for estimating overall survival and cancer-specific survival in Asian patients with ovarian cancer.

Snowflake-like CuO-Pt nanocluster-mediated Fenton photothermal and chemodynamic therapy for antibiotic wound healing.

The Fenton reaction serves as the fundamental mechanism behind chemodynamic therapy (CDT), wherein highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) are produced to efficiently induce bacterial cell death. On the other hand, photothermal therapy (PTT) utilizes photosensitizers to absorb specific wavelengths of light, generating localized heat that disrupts bacterial cell membranes, leading to bactericidal effects. In this study, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were successfully doped onto the surface of hexapodal cuprous oxide (HCuO), resulting in the synthesis of hexapodal snowflake-like CuO-Pt nanoparticles (HCPNLs).

Sodium alginate microspheres loaded with Quercetin/Mg nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems for osteoarthritis therapy.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent arthritic disease characterized by cartilage degradation and low-grade inflammation, for which there remains a lack of efficacious therapeutic interventions. Notably, mitigating the impact of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory factors could help alleviate or hinder the advancement of OA. Given the benefits of both quercetin (Que) and Magnesium ion (Mg) in OA treatment, coupled with the structural properties of Que, we have innovatively developed the Que-Mg nanoparticles (NPs), aiming to deliver both Que and Mg simultaneously and achieve enhanced therapeutic outcomes for OA.