Boron-Modified Heterointerface Boosts Kesterite Solar Cells to 0.58 V Open-Circuit Voltage.

Achieving high open-circuit voltage (V) continues to pose a significant challenge for kesterite CuZnSn(S,Se) (CZTSSe) solar cells, predominantly due to the pronounced charge carrier recombination occurring at heterointerface (HEI). To address this issue, an innovative non-metallic boron (B)-modification strategy is developed to optimize the HEI. The key advantages of this strategy are as follows: (i) Leveraging the strong bonding characteristic of B with three valence electrons, the dangling bonds on the absorber surface can be fully saturated, effectively passivating surface states without introducing new defects; (ii) Moreover, diffusion of B into the near-surface region of HEI during selenization process can create weak n-type B donor defects, which lowers the valence band maximum (VBM) of the absorber and mitigates Fermi level pinning.

Tuning Interfacial Thermal Transport through Phase Engineering in 2D Ferroelectrics.

As a 2D material with distinctive ferroelectric properties, InSe offers significant potential for the applications in information memory and advanced data storage technologies. It also exhibits a complex phase diagram that is highly sensitive to temperature and pressure variations, resulting in diverse lattice configurations. While extensive studies have focused on the phase transition behavior of InSe, its impact on phonon transport remains largely unexplored.

Clinical progression on CDR-SB©: Progression-free time at each 0.5 unit level in dominantly inherited and sporadic Alzheimer's disease populations.

Introduction: Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) is a reliable and clinically meaningful composite for assessing treatment effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Small CDR-SB differences at the end of a trial often lead to controversy in deriving clinically meaningful interpretations.

Methods: We estimated progression-free time (PFT) participants remained at each 0.

Efficient energy transfer in a hybrid organic-inorganic van der Waals heterostructure.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer strong light-matter interaction and design flexibility beyond bulk semiconductors, but an intrinsic limit is the low absorption imposed by the atomic thickness. A long-sought-after goal is to achieve complementary absorption enhancement through energy transfer (ET) to break this limit. However, it is found challenging due to the competing charge transfer (CT) process and lack of resonance in exciton states.

Prognostic Value of A/T/N Biomarkers: Comparing Plasma and Imaging Modalities in Alzheimer Disease.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β plaques (A), tau tangles (T), and neurodegeneration (N), collectively defining the ATN framework. While imaging biomarkers are well-established, the prognostic value of plasma biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline remains underexplored. This study compares plasma and imaging A/T/N biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline and evaluate the impact of combining biomarkers across modalities.

[Simultaneous identification and detection of four novel isoxazoline drugs in bovine-origin foods using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry].

Isoxazoline drugs （ISOs） are a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing N and O atoms. They can inhibit -aminobutyric acid gated chloride channels and are widely used in the treatment of parasitic diseases in poultry. The intake of animal-derived foods by humans is an important way to come into contact with ISOs.

Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation/Aldol Reaction.

We report herein the first reductive alkylation/aldol reaction via dual nickel/photoredox catalysis. This catalytic strategy completes the traditional approaches that require the performance of reactive organometallic reagents. By the simple assembly of unactivated alkyl halides, α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, and aldehydes in one-pot reaction, a variety of synthetically valuable β-hydroxyl carbonyl compounds can be synthesized under mild conditions with moderate to good yields.

Lessons Learned From COVID-19: Acceptance of E-Learning Technologies in Higher Education.

ObjectiveThis study investigates students' acceptance of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, examining differences between voluntary and involuntary use contexts.BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, universities shifted to online instruction for an extended period. E-learning became mandatory to use and was met with varying degrees of acceptance by students, whose educational expectations and experiences were altered.

Multiscale Risk Spillovers and External Driving Factors: Evidence From the Global Futures and Spot Markets of Staple Foods.

Stable and efficient food markets are crucial for global food security. However, international staple food markets are increasingly exposed to complex risks, including intensified risk contagion and increasing external uncertainties. This paper systematically investigates risk spillovers in global staple food markets and explores the key determinants of these spillover effects, combining innovative decomposition-reconstruction techniques, risk connectedness analysis, and random forest models.

A reliable UAV tracking system with online re-detection network.

Failures in long-term tracking have been frequently reported, posing significant challenges for the practical implementation of UAV tracking systems. Previous research has often employed a metric based on the current tracking state to assess reliability, coupled with a time-consuming re-detection network designed to recover the lost target. However, this approach lacks sufficient robustness and flexibility when dealing with unknown factors present in complex tracking scenarios.

Quality and efficiency of integrating customised large language model-generated summaries versus physician-written summaries: a validation study.

Objectives: To compare the quality and time efficiency of physician-written summaries with customised large language model (LLM)-generated medical summaries integrated into the electronic health record (EHR) in a non-English clinical environment.

Design: Cross-sectional non-inferiority validation study.

Setting: Tertiary academic hospital.

Developing a Pressure Injury Predictive Indicator System for Data Mining in Health Care Information Systems: A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study.

Objective: Prevalence of hospital-acquired pressure injury (PI), as a critical measurement of medical care quality, has shown an upward trend. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive indicators of potential PIs and ensure that the predictive indicators can automatically be mined from electronic medical record systems.

Methods: The methods include 2 parts.

Heterogeneity in Phenotype and Early Metabolic Response to Lifestyle Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes in China Using a Tree-Like Representation.

Unlabelled: Deciphering the heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes in prognosis and treatment effect is essential. We used a novel dimensionality reduction approach to describe the type 2 diabetes phenotype continuum and visualize the difference in lifestyle intervention efficacy in Chinese patients. Based on 17,816 participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (aged ≥40 years) from a nationwide cohort, 12 key phenotypes were residualized for age and sex to construct a two-dimensional tree structure.

Anisotropic Optoelectronic Synapses in 2D NbGeTe for Direction-Programmable Neuromorphic Perception and Decision-Making.

Neuromorphic computing presents a promising solution for the von Neumann bottleneck, enabling energy-efficient and intelligent sensing platforms. Although 2D materials are ideal for bioinspired neuromorphic devices, achieving multifunctional synaptic operations with simple configurations and linear weight updates remains challenging. Inspired by biological axons, the in-plane anisotropy of 2D NbGeTe is exploited to develop dual electronic-optical synaptic devices.

Electron transfer and intersystem crossing in Bodipy dimers: a study of their photophysical properties using steady state and transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic methods.

The photophysical properties of two new Bodipy dimers are investigated using a variety of techniques, including steady-state UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and pulse laser-excited time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopic methods. The dimers are formed by the Bodipy units rigidly linked by the orthogonal phenylene bridge. One of the dimers is composed of iodinated units, and the other is not.

Safety and Diagnostic Yield of Transbronchial Cryobiopsy by Flexible Bronchoscopy Under Conscious Sedation Without Intubation in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease.

Background: Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) is generally recommended under intubation or rigid bronchoscopy with general anesthesia. However, some patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) are unable to tolerate general anesthesia, which limits the widespread adoption of TBCB.

Methods: A total of 37 patients with DPLD who underwent TBCB under conscious sedation without intubation were included in this study.

Dynamic surface radical confinement in a compact CdS-CdInS semi-coherent heterojunction for highly efficient synergetic photocatalytic selective oxidation of toluene and enhanced hydrogen production.

Efficiently activating inert C-H bonds while maintaining control over the selective pathways of complex chemical reactions involving high-energy species remains a highly challenging and as-yet unattained objective. Herein, we propose a novel concept called 'dynamic local free radical confinement-mediated mechanism' to efficiently achieve synergetic selective oxidation of toluene and hydrogen generation for the first time a CdS-CdInS semi-coherent heterojunction (CCS) under two-phase conditions. Surprisingly, the optimized CCS-2 exhibited amazing catalytic efficiency and long-term stability in gram-scale experiments and automatically separated the catalyst from the product.

Osmotic Energy Directly Driving Flexible All-Solid-State 2D Nanofluidic Pressure Sensors.

Current utilization of osmotic energy often involves multiple complex processes, including collection, storage, and conversion, which limits its applicability in portable electronic devices. Inspired by the biosensing system of human skin, a novel iontronic pressure sensor is developed, directly driven by osmotic energy. By leveraging the tunable nanofluidic effects of 2D materials, ion selective migration driven by osmotic energy is controlled through mechanical modulating of interlayer spacing, thereby converting external pressure into encodable electrical signals.

[Effect of mouse nerve growth factor combined with neostigmine on nerve repair after envenoming bites by Bungarus multicinctus].

To evaluate the efficacy and clinical application value of mouse nerve growth factor combined with neostigmine in the treatment of nerve injury in patients bitten by Bungarus multicinctus by a prospective single-blind controlled clinical study. In June 2020, a prospective, single-blindness, randomized grouping method was used to select patients with bungarus multicinctus saurogobio dabryi subsp. dabryi bite injuries admitted to the Emergency Department of Ganzhou People's Hospital in Jiangxi Province as the study subjects.

MetaboGNN: predicting liver metabolic stability with graph neural networks and cross-species data.

The metabolic stability of a drug is a crucial determinant of its pharmacokinetic properties, including clearance, half-life, and oral bioavailability. Accurate predictions of metabolic stability can significantly streamline the drug discovery process. In this study, we present MetaboGNN, an advanced model for predicting liver metabolic stability based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL).

"Four-in-One" Strategy to Functionalize a Multiple Resonance Skeleton for Narrowband Ultrapure Green Emitters with Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Novel chiral emitters are constructed using a "four-in-one" strategy through attachment of an octahydro-binaphthol unit onto a boron/nitrogen multiple resonance skeleton. They manifest ultrapure green emission peaking at 511 nm, a full width at half maximum of 22 nm, a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinate of 0.73, a small Δ of 0.

Emissions and carbon isotopic signatures of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, OPAHs) produced by coking in China.

The coking industry is a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs). Although some OPAHs are considered to be more toxic than PAHs, limited information is available on the levels of PAH and OPAH emissions from the coking industry. Accordingly, we measured the emission factors (EF) for PAHs and OPAHs produced by the coking industry in China.

Prospects of Nanoscience with Nanocrystals: 2025 Edition.

Nanocrystals (NCs) of various compositions have made important contributions to science and technology, with their impact recognized by the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Over four decades of research into NCs has led to numerous advancements in diverse fields, such as optoelectronics, catalysis, energy, medicine, and recently, quantum information and computing. The last 10 years since the predecessor perspective "Prospect of Nanoscience with Nanocrystals" was published in ACS Nano have seen NC research continuously evolve, yielding critical advances in fundamental understanding and practical applications.

TDP-43 binds to RNA G-quadruplex structure and regulates mRNA stability and translation.

TDP-43 is a hallmark protein associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies revealed TDP-43 as an RNA G-quadruplex (rG4)-binding protein, impacting mRNA transport and function. However, our knowledge of the TDP-43-RNA secondary structure interaction and information on its specific rG4 targets are limited.

Study of Testosterone and Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy.

Background And Objectives: Effective therapies for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) are currently limited. Recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH) combined with testosterone (combination therapy) may have meaningful clinical effects on ambulation, strength, muscle mass, and disease burden. As such, combination therapy has the potential to limit disease progression and functional decline in individuals with muscular dystrophy.