On-Demand Ammonia Capture and Separation with Open Aluminophosphate Frameworks.

The development of adsorbents for ammonia capture and separation is a challenging task, with significant industrial relevance. We report herein, for the first time, open aluminophosphate frameworks for on-demand ammonia adsorption. Under ambient conditions, the AlPO-18 molecular sieve exhibits exceptional dynamic ammonia uptake of 3.

Broad-spectrum antifungal activity of aniline-modified tavaborole derivatives: insights from molecular docking and bioassays.

Background: Phytopathogenic fungi pose a severe threat to global agriculture, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains underscores the urgent need for novel fungicides. Tavaborole (AN2690), a clinically approved benzoxaborole antifungal, suppresses fungal growth by selectively targeting leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) through covalent binding-a unique mode of action. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel tavaborole derivatives featuring substituted aniline moieties.

A Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Nanodelivery System for Enhanced Rice Blast Treatment.

The development of nanopesticides with minimized carriers (NMCs) through prodrug design and molecular self-assembly represents a transformative strategy for enhancing pesticide utilization efficiency and addressing global food security challenges. As a proof of concept, we developed A12@DES, a water-based nanodelivery system that combines a target-specific pesticide with a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The system utilizes a laccase inhibitor (A12, structurally optimized from lead compound PMDD-5Y) to self-assemble into monodisperse nanospheres (∼160 nm diameter) with an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-responsive DES matrix.

Geometrically and Micromechanically Optimized Sprayable Short Fibers for Precision Pesticide Delivery.

Pesticides are crucial for global food security, but improving their efficient use to reduce environmental losses remains a key challenge for sustainable agriculture. One promising solution is enhancing pesticide adhesion to hydrophobic waxy leaf surface. Inspired by the dynamics of pinball machines, it is developed sprayable short-fiber carriers composed of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate) using electrospinning technique and aminolysis.

Azoxystrobin/ chitosan -graft- salicylic acid nanomicelles for dual-targeted rice protection: Antifungal and salt stress mitigation.

This paper studied the effect of a new type of nano-pesticide on the control of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) disease. In this study, AZOX/CS-graft-SA (azoxystrobin/chitosan-salicylic acid) nanoformulations were prepared, and the inhibitory effects of different concentrations on rice blast fungus and effects on rice growth and development were determined. The results showed all three drugs could effectively inhibit fungal growth, and the higher the concentration, the more significant the effect.

A Supramolecular Material for Controlling Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker.

Kiwifruit, a nutritious fruit consumed globally, is affected by kiwifruit bacterial canker (KBC) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which is a major biotic stress that adversely impacts its cultivation and production. KBC control is still challenging owing to the evolution of resistant populations of Psa, the environmental risks associated with copper bactericides, and lack of effective bactericides.

Design and discovery of novel antifungal candidates with 1,3-Dicarbonyl as a promising pharmacophore.

Background: Pongamol is a flavonoid natural product containing a 1,3-dicarbonyl structure, which has various biological activities and plays an important role as the main skeleton in new drug development. 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are not only widely used as synthetic building blocks in many organic reactions, but also commonly found in natural products and active molecules in pharmaceuticals. Sixty-one dicarbonyl derivatives were designed and synthesized using the 1,3-dicarbonyl active fragment as a structural unit and their antifungal activities against six agricultural plant pathogens were determined.

Discovery of Novel Inhibitors Targeting Fungal Chitin Deacetylase via Virtual Screening for Plant Disease Control.

Fungal chitin deacetylase (CDA) plays a crucial role in pathogen-plant interactions, which is regarded as an innovative and promising target for fungicides. In this study, a pharmacophore-based virtual screening strategy was employed to identify compounds and as potent inhibitors against f. sp.

Why is it so clean under the apple trees: discovery of novel phloretin derivatives as potential herbicidal agents.

Background: Weeds are a serious problem in worldwide agricultural production. Natural products are a notable source for discovering new lead compounds. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone compound which was discovered in 1835 and named after its concentrated content in roots, stems or bark of fruits.

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Melatonin Derivatives Containing a (Thio)Semicarbazide Group.

Melatonin is a natural hormone that has functions such as circadian rhythm regulation, neuroregulation and cardiac protection, as well as antifungal activity. In this study, two series of melatonin derivatives containing a semicarbazide or a thiosemicarbazide group were designed and synthesized. The antifungal screening results indicated that compound III-9 exhibited a broad antifungal spectrum against six phytopathogenic fungi at 50 µg/mL, with over 60% growth inhibition, and this is highlighted by its inhibition rates of 80.

Dual-Target Inhibitors─Discovery of Novel Diphenyl-(Thio)ether-Containing Benzoxaborole Derivatives as Potential Antifungal and Herbicidal Agents.

LeuRS and PPO are important targets in the development of green pesticides; novel diphenyl-(thio)ether-containing benzoxaborole derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel dual-target enzyme inhibitors; their antifungal activities against six kinds of common plant pathogens in vitro and their herbicidal activities against purslane and barnyard grass were studied. Most of the target compounds showed excellent antifungal activity against six kinds of plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, and this is highlighted by compounds and , both displayed 100.0% inhibition effects against three kinds of the tested plant pathogenic fungi under the concentrations of 50.

Discovery and Characterization of Chitin Synthase Inhibitors with Novel Mechanism for Control of .

, a highly destructive global pest, infests a wide range of plant species, including crucial food crops and ornamental plants. Effective control methods for this pest remain limited. Chitin synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of chitin, which is essential for the growth and development of arthropods.

Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity Evaluation of Novel Triazole Thione/Thioether Derivatives Containing a Pyridylpyrazole Moiety.

Compounds containing N-pyridylpyrazole motif have aroused interest and brought about research hotspots due to their highly-efficient insecticidal activity. The fungicidal potential of N-pyridylpyrazole derivatives has gradually been disclosed in recent years. To discover new agrochemicals with poly-heterocyclic features, a series of novel triazole thione/thioether derivatives containing pyridylpyrazole motif (8-11) was synthesized.

Design and synthesis aldehydes-thiourea and thiazolyl hydrazine derivatives as promising antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola.

Background: Fungal diseases present a significant threat to global agriculture, necessitating the development of new, safe, and effective fungicides. Existing fungicides face resistance and health risks, prompting the synthesis of novel compounds. Researchers have synthesized aldehyde-based thiourea and thiazolyl hydrazine derivatives, evaluating their antifungal activities to identify impactful pesticide molecules.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Quinoline Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Bacteria Inspired from Natural Quinine Alkaloids.

A series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized with introduction of the antibacterial fragment amino alcohols, and their antibacterial activity against plant phytopathogenic bacteria was evaluated for the development of quinoline bactericides. It is worth noting that compound exhibited excellent antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 3.12 μg/mL against ().

IDD10-NAC079 transcription factor complex regulates sheath blight resistance by inhibiting ethylene signaling in rice.

Introduction: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a pathogen causing rice sheath blight (ShB). Ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) promotes resistance of rice to ShB by activating ethylene signaling. However, how AMT1 activates ethylene signaling remains unclear.

Effect of Drug-Coated Balloon Versus Stent Angioplasty in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis.

Background And Objectives: Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have exhibited promising results in coronary and peripheral artery diseases, but conclusive evidence is lacking in intracranial vasculature. We assessed the safety and efficacy of DCBs vs stent angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS) and initially identified patients who might have benefited most from DCB treatment.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted from June 2021 to May 2022 with 154 patients with sICAS divided into 2 treatment groups: a DCB group (with or without remedial stenting, n = 47) and a stent group (n = 107).

3,4-Dichlorophenylacetic acid acts as an auxin analog and induces beneficial effects in various crops.

Auxins and their analogs are widely used to promote root growth, flower and fruit development, and yield in crops. The action characteristics and application scope of various auxins are different. To overcome the limitations of existing auxins, expand the scope of applications, and reduce side effects, it is necessary to screen new auxin analogs.

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2: Tumor biology, signaling pathway and therapeutic targeting (Review).

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is a type II transmembrane protein that serves critical roles in antiretroviral defense in the innate immune response. In addition, it has been suggested that BST2 is highly expressed in various types of human cancer and high BST2 expression is related to different clinicopathological parameters in cancer. The molecular mechanism underlying BST2 as a potential tumor biomarker in human solid tumors has been reported on; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no review published on the molecular mechanism of BST2 in human solid tumors.

Molecular pathogenesis, mechanism and therapy of Cav1 in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second incidence of malignant tumors in men worldwide. Its incidence and mortality are increasing year by year. Enhanced expression of Cav1 in prostate cancer has been linked to both proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, influencing disease progression.

Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix.

In the process of ocean exploration, highly accurate and sensitive measurements of seawater temperature and pressure significantly impact the study of seawater's physical, chemical, and biological processes. In this paper, three different package structures, V-shape, square-shape, and semicircle-shape, are designed and fabricated, and an optical microfiber coupler combined Sagnac loop (OMCSL) is encapsulated in these structures with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Then, the temperature and pressure response characteristics of the OMCSL, under different package structures, are analyzed by simulation and experiment.

Access to -Alkylazaheterocyclic Salts by Activation of Alkoxy C-O Bonds in Polyol Esters.

A wide variety of -alkylazaheterocyclic salts are conveniently synthesized from polyol esters and azaheterocyclic salts under solventless conditions. In particular, paraquat-like derivatives showed comparable herbicidal activity toward several common weeds. Mechanistic studies suggest that polyesters likely underwent partial hydrolysis and neighboring group participating dehydration under the action of acidic salt to generate five-membered ring intermediates, which reacted with the azaheterocycle to accomplish the -alkylation.

Molecular mechanisms of syncytin-1 in tumors and placental development related diseases.

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have evolved from exogenous retroviruses and account for approximately 8% of the human genome. A growing number of findings suggest that the abnormal expression of HERV genes is associated with schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, endometriosis, breast cancer, bladder cancer and other diseases. HERV-W env (syncytin-1) is a membrane glycoprotein which plays an important role in placental development.