Tegoprazan-based versus esomeprazole-based triple therapy plus bismuth for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: A nationwide, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although triple therapy plus bismuth (TTPB), comprising a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), two antibiotics, and bismuth, is widely used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), eradication rates have been suboptimal. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) offer stronger and more stable gastric acid inhibition compared to PPIs.

Wastewater-based surveillance reveals distinct resistome profiles in younger and older populations.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious health risks, especially to the older population. In this study, differences in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between younger and older populations were investigated using wastewater-based surveillance. Wastewater samples were collected from four nursing homes, three high schools, and two residential areas in Changshu, China.

Ginkgolide B attenuates hyperlipidemia by restoring sphingolipid homeostasis and activating PPARα and Nrf2 pathways.

Although hyperlipidemia is a key factor in cardiovascular disease, there are limited safe and effective therapies for disorders of lipid metabolism. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Ginkgolide B (GB), a bioactive component of Ginkgo biloba leaves, in ameliorating hyperlipidemia and explored its underlying mechanisms. Utilizing a high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rat model and lipidomics analysis, the study showed that GB significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels.

Association between inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several studies have reported a correlation between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and an elevated risk of various cancers. However, the relationship between IBD and the incidence of liver cancer remains inconclusive. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between IBD and the risk of liver cancer.

Characteristics of the microbiota in the nasopharynx and nasal cavity of healthy children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Microbial colonization in the nasopharynx and nasal cavity plays a defensive role in children. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have an influence on the nasopharynx and nasal cavity microbiota. This study aimed to identify and compare the microbiota in the nasopharynx and nasal cavity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a healthy pediatric population.

Super-resolution stimulated X-ray Raman spectroscopy.

Propagation of intense X-ray pulses through dense media has led to the observation of phenomena such as atomic X-ray lasing, self-induced transparency and stimulated X-ray Raman scattering (SXRS). SXRS has been long predicted as a means to launch and probe valence-electron wavepackets and as a building block for nonlinear X-ray spectroscopies. However, experimental observations of SXRS to date have not provided spectroscopic information, and theoretical modelling has largely implemented hard-to-realize phase-coherent attosecond pulses.

Effects of 12-Week Dietary Inflammatory Index-Based Dietary Education on Frailty Status in Frail Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Frailty is common in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and is associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality. Anti-inflammatory dietary education is a promising and cost-effective strategy for frailty improvement. : A prospective, assessor-blinded, two-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of a 12-week dietary inflammatory index (DII)-based anti-inflammatory dietary education program on frailty in frail CRC patients.

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Dementia in Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.

Context: Three healthy dietary patterns-the Mediterranean (MED) diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet-have all been recognized to show potential protective effects against dementia, but the results are inconclusive.

Objective: The present study investigated the associations between the 3 healthy dietary patterns and risk of dementia in elderly individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched up to April 12, 2024.

Levels of peripheral CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and glycaemic control level in patients with both type 2 mellitus diabetes and stage III-IV periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial in Chinese population.

Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the short-term glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and proportional variation of peripheral T-lymphocytes status after subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and stage III-IV periodontitis in Chinese population.

Methods: Fifty-one participants diagnosed T2DM and stage III-IV periodontitis were enrolled. Twenty-seven of them were randomly assigned to receive SRP + OHI treatment immediately and twenty-four only receive OHI and the delayed SRP treatment.

Anisotropic chemical bonding of lanthanide-OH molecules.

We present a theoretical study of the low lying adiabatic relativistic electronic states of lanthanide monohydroxide (Ln-OH) molecules near their linear equilibrium geometries. In particular, we focus on heavy, magnetic DyOH and ErOH relevant to fundamental symmetry tests. We use a restricted-active-space self-consistent field method combined with spin-orbit coupling as well as a relativistic coupled-cluster method to determine ground and excited electronic states.

TGF-β induces EMT in thyroid cancer cells by regulating transcription factors.

Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays well-established roles in cancer cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, its role in thyroid carcinoma (TC) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TGF-β on EMT in TC and determine its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Treatment of TC cell lines with TGF-β the morphology of thyroid cancer cells changed, Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the localization of E-cadherin shifted from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm, and the fluorescence intensity decreases.

Oral Lipid Nanoparticles for Improving the Efficiency of Drug Delivery Systems in Ulcerative Colitis: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by persistent, recurrent, and relapsing inflammation of the mucosal layer. Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood, with current treatments mainly focused on alleviating symptoms through pharmacological methods. Direct drug administration for UC often leads to poor intestinal bioavailability, suboptimal targeting, and an increased risk of resistance.

Osteoimmunity-Regulating biospun 3D silk scaffold for bone regeneration in critical-size defects.

Introduction: Silk-based biomaterials have received a great deal of attention in tissue engineering research for bone repair. Current silk-based materials are typically derived from silk protein solutions, but the limited solubility and solution stability of silk protein solution, coupled with problems such as high preparation cost and low productivity, which severely restrict the application of silk-based materials.

Objective: To address the challenges associated with the complex extraction process and inferior mechanical properties of silk protein or silk fiber-based materials in bone scaffold preparation, flat cocoon silk-based materials were developed to assess their potential for repairing large bone defects.

Artificial intelligence system improves the quality of digestive endoscopy: A prospective pretest and post-test single-center clinical trial.

Background: With the assistance of ENDOANGEL, a study was conducted at Hainan General Hospital to evaluate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) system on the detection of gastrointestinal precancerous lesions.

Methods: The prospective, randomized, pretest and post-test, single-center clinical trial compared the detection rates of gastric precancerous lesions and intestinal adenomas between baseline and post-intervention phase among traditional digestive endoscopy (control groups i and ii, and experimental group i) and AI-assisted endoscopy (experimental group ii). Additionally, the effect of AI on the detection rate of different seniority physicians was analyzed.

Parecoxib sequential with imrecoxib for occurrence and remission of severe acute pancreatitis: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: There is no effective drug treatment for the organ failure (OF) caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2-Is) on the treatment of SAP and its safety.

Design: In this multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated trial, 348 patients with acute pancreatitis aged 18-75 years, <1 week from onset of illness to admission, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score ≥7 or modified Marshall Score ≥2, were randomly assigned (1:1) to the COX-2-Is group (parecoxib sequential with imrecoxib) or the placebo group.

Upper thoracic spinal schwannoma leading to intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Hydrocephalus is predominantly caused by intracranial hemorrhage, infections, tumors, genetic metabolic disorders, and congenital malformations. Hydrocephalus secondary to spinal cord tumors is exceedingly rare; these tumors are predominantly located in the upper cervical spinal region or near the conus medullaris. Hydrocephalus and elevated intracranial pressure caused by upper thoracic spinal schwannomas have not previously been reported.

Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin-Based Composites for Bone Repair Applications: A Review.

Silk fibroin (SF), a natural high-molecular-weight fiber protein extracted from silk, has demonstrated immense potential in bone tissue repair and regeneration due to its exceptional physicochemical properties. Silk fibroin can be processed into various scaffold forms using diverse fabrication techniques, combined with other biomaterials to create composite structures, or chemically modified to address a wide range of bone defect conditions. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the role of silk fibroin and its composites in bone tissue engineering, with particular emphasis on preclinical studies investigating various silk fibroin-based composite scaffolds in osteogenesis.

Effects of 12-Week Anti-Inflammatory Dietary Education on Depressive Symptoms Among Depressed Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Depressive symptoms (DepS) are prevalent among patients with breast cancer. Offering an anti-inflammatory diet is a promising strategy for DepS management, but it is costly and difficult to scale up. Instead, anti-inflammatory dietary education is cost-effective and may be more conducive to the promotion of an anti-inflammatory diet strategy.

DA-IRRK: Data-Adaptive Iteratively Reweighted Robust Kernel-Based Approach for Back-End Optimization in Visual SLAM.

Back-end optimization is a key process to eliminate the cumulative error in Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM). Existing VSLAM frameworks often use kernel function-based back-end optimization methods. However, these methods typically rely on fixed kernel parameters based on the chi-square test, assuming Gaussian-distributed reprojection errors.

MiR-204-5p promoted maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) through SP1-mediated DNMT1 pathway in trophoblast cells in recurrent miscarriage.

Background: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects 1-2% of couples. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is aberrantly expressed in RM patients.

Objectives: To investigate a novel regulatory mechanism, we examined the miR-204-5p/Specificity protein 1 (SP1)/DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)/MEG3 axis in the trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo.

PRDM16 controls smooth muscle cell fate in atherosclerosis.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) normally exist in a contractile state but can undergo fate switching to produce various cell phenotypes in response to pathologic stimuli. In atherosclerosis, these phenotypically modulated SMCs regulate plaque composition and influence the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. We found that PRDM16, a transcription factor that is genetically associated with cardiovascular disease, is highly expressed in arterial SMCs and downregulated during SMC fate switching in human and mouse atherosclerosis.

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Melatonin Derivatives Containing a (Thio)Semicarbazide Group.

Melatonin is a natural hormone that has functions such as circadian rhythm regulation, neuroregulation and cardiac protection, as well as antifungal activity. In this study, two series of melatonin derivatives containing a semicarbazide or a thiosemicarbazide group were designed and synthesized. The antifungal screening results indicated that compound III-9 exhibited a broad antifungal spectrum against six phytopathogenic fungi at 50 µg/mL, with over 60% growth inhibition, and this is highlighted by its inhibition rates of 80.

The Mediating Effect of Concurrent Changes in Dietary Behaviors on the Associations Between Intervention and Changes in Adiposity Outcomes: Evidence from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Behavioral interventions have been shown to be effective in improving dietary behavior and reducing childhood obesity. There is limited evidence on how concurrent changes in dietary behavior from intervention studies affect childhood obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of concurrent changes in dietary behaviors between the intervention and changes in adiposity indicators.

Hyaluronic acid/silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with methotrexate for topical treatment of psoriasis.

Systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX), widely regarded as one of the most effective treatments for psoriasis, poses significant challenges due to its high toxicity, limited solubility, and potential for adverse effects. Consequently, developing a topical form of MTX may offer a safer and more effective strategy for psoriasis management. Silk fibroin (SF), a protein-based biomacromolecule, has shown considerable promise as a nanocarrier for sustained and targeted drug delivery, owing to its exceptional physicochemical and biological properties.

Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Key Nanomicelles for Effective Against Invasion and Metastasis in Ovarian Cancer Using Mice Model.

Background: Ovarian cancer is difficult to detect in its early stages, and it has a high potential for invasion and metastasis, along with a high rate of recurrence. These factors contribute to the poor prognosis and reduced survival times for patients with this disease. The effectiveness of conventional chemoradiotherapy remains limited.