3-Hydroxybutyrate, a metabolite in sustaining neuronal cell vitality: a mendelian randomization and in vitro experimentation.

Background: Recent research has implicated mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and Tau protein levels in the blood as potential biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk assessment, correlating with metabolite profiles. However, intermediary metabolites mediating these associations remain elusive.

Methods: Employing a two-sample and a mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the IEU OpenGWAS database, involving 383,476 participants from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and an exome-wide association study (ExWAS), we identified intermediary metabolites linking mtDNA-CN and Tau.

Prognostic factors of survival in patients with lung cancer after low-dose computed tomography screening: a multivariate analysis of a lung cancer screening cohort in China.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors influencing the survival of patients with lung cancer identified from a lung cancer screening cohort in the community.

Methods: A total of 25,310 eligible participants were enrolled in this population-based prospective cohort study, derived from a community lung cancer screening program started from 2013 to 2017. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.

Why is it so clean under the apple trees: discovery of novel phloretin derivatives as potential herbicidal agents.

Background: Weeds are a serious problem in worldwide agricultural production. Natural products are a notable source for discovering new lead compounds. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone compound which was discovered in 1835 and named after its concentrated content in roots, stems or bark of fruits.

Dual-Target Inhibitors─Discovery of Novel Diphenyl-(Thio)ether-Containing Benzoxaborole Derivatives as Potential Antifungal and Herbicidal Agents.

LeuRS and PPO are important targets in the development of green pesticides; novel diphenyl-(thio)ether-containing benzoxaborole derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel dual-target enzyme inhibitors; their antifungal activities against six kinds of common plant pathogens in vitro and their herbicidal activities against purslane and barnyard grass were studied. Most of the target compounds showed excellent antifungal activity against six kinds of plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, and this is highlighted by compounds and , both displayed 100.0% inhibition effects against three kinds of the tested plant pathogenic fungi under the concentrations of 50.

Temporal trend and attributable risk factors of cardiovascular disease burden for adults 55 years and older in 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Aims: The ageing global population and overall population growth have significantly increased the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aims to examine global temporal trends in the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of both overall and type-specific CVDs among adults aged 55 and older from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on identifying changes over time, regional disparities, and the key risk factors contributing to this burden.

Methods And Results: We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, covering 204 countries and territories.

Rare sugar L-sorbose exerts antitumor activity by impairing glucose metabolism.

Rare sugars are monosaccharides with low natural abundance. They are structural isomers of dietary sugars, but hardly be metabolized. Here, we report that rare sugar L-sorbose induces apoptosis in various cancer cells.

Long-term fasting glucose variability and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective population-based cohort study in Shanghai.

Backgrounds: Fasting blood glucose (FBG) variability may make an impact on adverse events in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the association between long-term changes in FBG and cancer remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this association in a large-scale longitudinal study.

Protective effect of ferulic acid on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic compound widespread in fruits and plants, displays a variety of pharmacological activities including regulating blood glucose and lipids, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis. The study was aimed to investigate the renal protective effects of FA on diabetic rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

[Effect of ursolic acid on cardiomyopathy of mice with diabetes and its mechanism].

Objective: To study the effect of ursolic acid on cardiomyopathy in mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet combined with low dose streptozotocin, and to explore its possible mechanism.

Methods: Thirty male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group (=10) and moulding group (=20), the mice in the two groups were fed with regular diet and high-fat diet respectively for 6 weeks, and then the mice in the moulding group were injected with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) for 5 successive days to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured after 9 days.

Body mass index and cancer risk among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Obesity and diabetes are two risk factors for cancer. To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) with cancer risk in diabetic patients may improve current understanding of potential mechanisms.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 51,004 newly diagnosed T2DM patients derived from an electronic health record (EHR) database of Minhang district in Shanghai, China.

Ursolic acid improves diabetic nephropathy via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced rats.

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Overexpression of inflammatory chemokine and cytokines is involved in the development of DN. Ursolic acid (UA), a common pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, has been reported to have myriad benefits and medicinal properties.

The impact of primary tumor location on efficacy of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with different Kras status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the prognostic role of primary tumor location along with Kras status in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRCs) treated with cetuximab.

Materials And Methods: Databases of EMBASE, Pubmed, the Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and other databases from inception to July 2016 were searched. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or retrospective studies of influence of primary tumor location on efficacy of cetuximab in patients with mCRC were identified.

Therapeutic role of glutamine in management of radiation enteritis: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of glutamine in treating radiation enteritis in cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.

Methods: Electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and CNKI were systematically searched, until April 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of glutamine in the treatment of radiation enteritis in cancer patients were searched, and RevMan 5.

Thalidomide combined with transcatheter artierial chemoembolzation for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and thalidomide have been used for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of thalidomide and TACE in primary HCC.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) about efficacy and safety of thalidomide combined with TACE for primary HCC were identified from the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, and Wan Fang until August, 2016.

Endostar enhances the antitumor effects of radiation by affecting energy metabolism and alleviating the tumor microenvironment in a Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified that an improvement in treatment efficacy was achieved using Endostar; however, the role of Endostar in lung cancer remains poorly understood. The present study investigated whether the enhanced antitumor effects of Endostar in combination with radiation involved changes in the metabolism and microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer.

[Surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Minhang district of Shanghai from 2007 to 2010].

Objective: To analyze the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2010 and evaluate the safety of vaccines.

Method: The data of AEFI cases were collected and reported by the Vaccine Adverse Events Surveillance System (VAESS). The data were classified as non-serious or serious reaction according to the symptoms and medical records.

[Study on the detection of positive selected codons on HA1 sequence of human influenza A subtype H3N2].

Objective: To elucidate the evolution pattern of human influenza virus A H3 subtype by detecting positive selected codons in hemagglutinin gene.

Methods: All H3 sequences in NCBI GenBank and influenza sequence database were downloaded and two step cluster method was applied to divide sequences into six groups, which were corresponding to different period by turns. Fixed Effect Model was applied to detect positive selected codons in each group, and two step cluster method was then used again to summarize variation patterns of selective pressure among sites.