Propylparaben impairs muscle development in zebrafish via the PI3K-mTOR pathway.

Congenital myopathies are genetically inherited muscle disorders that impair muscle function and strength. While primarily linked to genetic mutations, emerging evidence suggests environmental toxins may exacerbate disease progression. Despite its widespread use as a preservative, the impact of propylparaben (PP) remains insufficiently characterized in current research.

Silencing RPL11 attenuates acute kidney injury by suppressing tubular apoptosis and macrophage-driven inflammation.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a life-threatening syndrome with elusive molecular drivers. Although ribosomal proteins such as RPL11 are increasingly recognized for their extra-ribosomal functions, their roles in AKI pathogenesis remain unexplored.

Methods: The comprehensive multi-omics analysis of mouse AKI kidneys combined scRNA-seq and RNA-seq to identify core regulatory factors.

Bioinspired prussian blue nanopesticides with triple-stimuli-responsive gates for ecology-adaptive pest management.

The escalating complexity of pest dynamics, characterized by intensifying seasonal pressures and unpredictable acute outbreaks, necessitates advanced agrochemicals capable of dynamically adapting to ecological rhythms. Inspired by the dual-phase biocontrol strategy of parasitoid wasps (immediate paralysis and sustained suppression), we engineered a Prussian blue (PB)-based nanopesticide (PAPP) with spatiotemporally decoupled release modes. Architecturally, the system integrates pH-responsive PB (alkaline-triggered disintegration) cores with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, heat-induced volumetric transition) nanohydrogel gates, achieving dual-modal pest management: alkaline-triggered burst avermectin (AVM) release (91.

A threshold law for reservoir sediment flushing through an initially covered bottom tunnel.

Reservoir sedimentation is of worldwide concern, threatening the sustainable exploitation and management of water resources. Although sediment flushing through bottom tunnels has been widely applied to alleviate reservoir sedimentation, it may not be feasible if the tunnel intake is covered by sediment deposits. To date, however, an effective method has remained missing to determine whether flushing can be accomplished.

Conformational Ensemble Dynamics of Intrinsically Disordered Full-Length α- and β-Synuclein Monomers.

Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) into amyloid fibrils is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. In contrast, its homologue β-synuclein (βS), colocalized at presynaptic terminals, resists amyloid formation and can even inhibit αS fibrillization. However, how sequence variations affect their structural dynamics remains poorly understood.

Unveiling the Environmental Characteristics of Sub-1000-nm Nanoplastics: A Comprehensive Review of the Preparation Methods for Nanoplastic Model Samples.

Nanoplastics (NPs, < 1 μm) are ubiquitous in the environment and pose potentially more severe ecological and health risks than microplastics (MPs, 1 μm-5 mm). Nearly almost research concerning NPs was limited to few types of nanospheres especially polystyrene (PS) due to the lack of environmentally relevant NP model samples. Preparation of diverse NP samples acts as a formidable barrier to deeply reveal environmental contamination of NPs.

Strategic defect engineering and valence modulation in B-doped CeO nanoparticles for highly sensitive and reliable electrochemical detection of p-nitrophenol.

Boron-doped CeO (B-CeO) modified electrodes were developed for the sensitive detection of p-nitrophenol (PNP). The CeO and B-CeO nanomaterials were characterized via various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the successful doping of B and the maintenance of the crystal structure of CeO were confirmed. The B-CeO showed an average particle size ranging from 50 to 100 nm.

Discovery of Bioactive Constituents for Colitis From Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription via Deep Neural Network.

Colitis is a commonly encountered inflammatory disease in colon tissue, which can be triggered by various causes. Although a few ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been identified as effective for the treatment of colitis, it remains a great challenge to discover the potential therapeutic bioactive constituents and their modes of action among thousands of ingredients in TCM prescriptions. To address this issue, we propose a pipeline that combines deep neural network (DNN) with network pharmacology to discover bioactive constituents.

ECHS1: pathogenic mechanisms, experimental models, and emerging therapeutic strategies.

The ECHS1 (short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1) gene is critical for mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Mutations in ECHS1 lead to severe mitochondrial dysfunction and are implicated in rare metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes current understanding of how ECHS1 participates in key molecular processes, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, and apoptosis, and discusses its influence on mitochondrial function.

Analysis of microorganisms and drug-resistance mutations detected by probe-capture metagenomics among HIV-infected patients with pneumonia.

Background: Probe-Capture Metagenomics is a newly developed method for detecting infectious pathogens. However, its application in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary infection remains limited. This study utilized Probe-Capture Metagenomics to analyze lung microbiomes and Drug Resistance Mutations of HIV and bacteria in people living with HIV (PLWH) with pneumonia.

Comparative Analysis of the Immunomodulatory Functions of Dental Follicle Stem Cells and Their Apoptotic Vesicles.

The significant immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is increasingly being recognized, making them valuable for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. MSCs influence immune cell behavior during therapy through intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Moreover, MSC-derived apoptotic vesicles (apoEVs) can also exert immunomodulatory functions.

Bioinformatic analysis identifies LPL as a critical gene in diabetic kidney disease via lipoprotein metabolism.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and serious complication of diabetes, affecting approximately 40% of patients with the condition. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex, involving multiple processes such as metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Given its increasing incidence and associated mortality, there is an urgent need to identify novel pathogenic genes and therapeutic targets.

Myricetin Alleviates Formaldehyde-Exacerbated Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice Through Inhibition of Ferrous Iron Accumulation in Pulmonary Macrophages.

Myricetin, a natural flavonoid known for its anti-inflammatory bioactivity, has also been documented as a chelator of iron in cells. The aim of the study was to examine whether myricetin could alleviate formaldehyde (FA)-exacerbated asthmatic inflammation through chelation of Fe(II). In this study, FA exposure at 2.

Artesunate modulates the tumor microenvironment via STAT1/IRF1-mediated TAM repolarization and T cell activation in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) induce T cell dysfunction and correlate with poor clinical outcomes. Recent studies have demonstrated that artesunate (AS) enhances antitumor immunity, but the underlying mechanisms of AS reprogramming TAMs and boosting T cell anti-tumor activity in NSCLC need further clarification.

Purpose: This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which AS induces TAM repolarization and enhances T cell activity to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) in NSCLC.

A 20-year retrospective analysis of ocular and adnexal injuries resulting from animal attacks in Eastern China.

Background: This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes of ocular and adnexal injuries caused by animal attacks.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients hospitalized for animal-induced eye injuries at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (2003-2023). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Ref.

Targeted metabolomics analysis of 21 amino acids in serum of silicosis patients using HILIC-MS/MS.

Silicosis is characterized by the formation of fibrotic lesions due to altered collagen synthesis, in which amino acids play a crucial role. However, targeted metabolomics studies of serum amino acids in silicosis patients remain limited. Herein, we developed a specific serum amino acid metabolomics assay for identifying differential amino acids as biomarkers, providing a sensitive and reliable basis for diagnosing silicosis.

Accumulation Patterns and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Intermuscular Bone-Free Crucian Carp.

This study investigated the accumulation characteristics and associated health risks of 11 trace elements (Al, Rb, Cr, Ni, Mo, Sr, Pb, Ba, Ag, As, and Ga) in four crucian carp varieties: gene-edited intermuscular bone-free crucian carp ( WUCI) and its sibling wild-type (, WT), Fangzheng silver crucian carp ( Fangzheng, FZYJ), and Songpu silver crucian carp ( Songpu, SPYJ). Results showed that Al and Rb were the most abundant elements across all groups. WUCI exhibited distinct accumulation patterns, including significantly higher hepatic Mo concentrations (0.

A new Early Jurassic dinosaur represents the earliest-diverging and oldest sauropodomorph of East Asia.

A new dinosaur assemblage from the Lower Jurassic at Wande Town, Wuding County, Yunnan Province, China is discovered recently. Here a new sauropodomorph from this site, Wudingloong wui gen. et sp.

Exosomes from high-altitude cerebral edema patients induce cognitive dysfunction by altering oxidative stress responses in mice.

The impact of exosomes derived from patients with High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) on cognitive function in mice was investigated, along with the underlying mechanisms. Exosomes were extracted from HACE patients and injected into the dentate gyrus (DG) of mice. A series of behavioral tests assessed cognitive abilities.

The bZIP transcription factor RISBZ1 balances grain filling and ER stress response in rice grains.

In cereal crops, the endosperm synthesizes large quantities of proteins, including storage proteins and functional factors essential for the accumulation of storage reserves. The unfolded protein response (UPR) monitors the folding of nascent polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to alleviate cellular stress. However, the molecular mechanisms linking the UPR to endosperm development in plants remain poorly understood.

Risk factors for identifying pulmonary aspergillosis in pediatric patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the independent risk factors and develop a predictive model for pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) in pediatric populations.

Methods: This retrospective study compromised 97 pediatric patients with pulmonary infections (38 PA cases and 59 non-PA cases) at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University between January 2020 and October 2024. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify PA-associated risk factors.

System reliability analysis of CRTS III track slab considering multiple failure modes.

Under train loads, temperature loads, and subgrade deformation, CRTS III track slabs may experience various failure modes such as longitudinal bending, transverse bending, steel yielding, and fatigue damage. To explore the system reliability of CRTS III track slabs under various failure modes, this study is based on analytical expressions and finite-element techniques. The load effects on track slabs were calculated, and the limit state functions corresponding to different failure modes of track slabs were analyzed.

Blood biomarkers are altered in elderly hematological patients exhibiting a mosaic loss of the Y chromosome in bone marrow cells.

Background: Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) is a frequent somatic alteration observed in aging males, linked to clonal hematopoiesis and elevated risks of hematologic malignancies. However, the direct physiological implications of LOY in elderly patients with hematologic disorders remain unclear. We investigated blood biomarker changes associated with LOY in elderly male patients with hematologic malignancies.

The impact of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomics next-generation sequencing on the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected pulmonary infection.

Objectives: This study aimed to enhance the comprehension of the practical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the clinical management of patients with suspected pneumonia.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 296 individuals who underwent BALF mNGS and conventional microbial tests (CMTs) for suspected pneumonia. We compared the clinical characteristics between patients with pulmonary infection (PI) and those without pulmonary infection (NPI).

The omics techniques used in perineuronal nets research.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders characterized by neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), ultimately leading to neurological dysfunction. Neurodegenerative progression is often associated with structural and functional alterations in perineuronal nets (PNNs). With the continuous advancement of sequencing technologies and omics disciplines, numerous techniques have been widely applied to studies on PNNs.