ECHS1: pathogenic mechanisms, experimental models, and emerging therapeutic strategies.

The ECHS1 (short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1) gene is critical for mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Mutations in ECHS1 lead to severe mitochondrial dysfunction and are implicated in rare metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes current understanding of how ECHS1 participates in key molecular processes, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, and apoptosis, and discusses its influence on mitochondrial function.

Effects of chromosome number reduction on mitotic and meiotic stability in fission yeast.

Background: Genetic information is stored on multiple chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms and is passed on to offspring through cell division. How chromosome number influences cell division and chromosome segregation is not yet understood.

Results: In this study, we use artificial chromosome-fusion fission yeast cells, which contain one or two chromosomes, as models to investigate the effects of a reduced chromosome number on mitosis and meiosis.

Targeted Intracellular Copper Reservoir Enhances Liver Cancer Immunotherapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly classified as a "cold tumor" due to its low immunogenicity and poor response to conventional immunotherapies. Reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) via cuproptosis presents a promising strategy to enhance immunotherapies. Herein, sono-activatable N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN)-encapsulated cancer-targeted nanoparticles (STCNs) designed to modulate the TIME and potentiate immunotherapy through endogenous cuproptosis are reported, termed "endogenous cuproptosis immunopromotion".

Tunable Nb-Doped WO for High-Performance Bifunctional Aqueous Zn-Based Electrochromic Batteries.

Aqueous Zn-based electrochromic energy storage devices (ZEESDs) integrating electrochromism and energy storage functions are considered promising candidates in next-generation advanced energy-saving smart windows or displays. However, their practical applications are severely hindered by the unsatisfactory performances. Herein, we report a high-performance aqueous ZEESD utilizing tunable Nb-doped WO as the electrochromic material/cathode, a metal Zn sheet as the anode, and 1 M ZnSO aqueous solution as the electrolyte.

Noncentrosomal Microtubule Assembly and Its Regulation.

Microtubule nucleation is a critical initiating step in microtubule assembly during the cell cycle. This fundamental process is primarily mediated by γ-tubulin-containing complexes, namely, the γ-tubulin small complex (γ-TuSC) and its higher-order assembly, the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC). These complexes are recruited to specialized cellular structures called microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) through spatially regulated targeting factors.

Experimental study on dynamic tensile mechanical properties and energy dissipation of GFRP tube-mortar specimens with different hollow ratios.

The mechanical properties and energy dissipation evolution of GFRP tube-mortar under dynamic tensile load were investigated based on experiments. The influence of GFRP tube wall thickness and hollow ratio on the peak stress, energy dissipation and failure form of GFRP tube was analyzed by using SHPB test device. The results show that: (1) The dynamic tensile peak stress of GFRP tube-mortar specimens is increased by the restraint protection of GFRP tubes, and the increase of stress is more significant with the tube wall thickness.

In vitro release method development for Onivyde® using Agilent NanoDis® system.

Onivyde® (irinotecan liposomal injection) is a pivotal treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer, designed for enhanced stability and improved tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. As generic versions emerge with patent expiration approaching, a reliable in vitro release test (IVRT) is critical to ensure product quality and bioequivalence. This study develops an optimized IVRT for Onivyde® using the Agilent NanoDis® system, which integrates tangential flow filtration and standard dissolution equipment.

Global trends in sitosterolemia research: A bibliometric and visualization analysis.

Background: Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic lipid metabolism disorder characterized by high concentrations of plant sterols in plasma and tissues, which can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, such as xanthomatosis, atherosclerosis, and arthritis. In recent years, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the special disease of sitosterolemia. Bibliometric analysis, as a method of quantitative analysis of scientific literature, can help us systematically understand the research status and development trends in this field.

A Comparative Study on Physicochemical and Analytical Characterizations of Doxil® and its Generic Drug Products.

Doxil®, a PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) hydrochloride suspension, was the first liposome drug product approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

miRNAs in secondary hyperparathyroidism: literature review.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is mainly manifested by the overproduction of Parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to multi-system pathologies such as calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, skeletal lesions, and cardiovascular diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In recent years, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of SHPT has been gradually revealed, providing new research directions for diagnosing and treating the disease. miRNAs play an important role in the development of SHPT by regulating genes related to calcium-phosphorus metabolism, influencing the stability and translational efficiency of PTH mRNAs, and regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of parathyroid cells.

Microneedle Patch for In Situ Neutrophil Monitoring.

Monitoring neutrophil levels plays an essential role in diagnosing infections and various diseases, as well as for managing specific treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the traditional complete blood count technique is invasive and challenging for quick and frequent monitoring of neutrophil. Herein, a button-like microneedle patch for rapid and convenient detection of neutrophil levels is reported without vascular invasion.

Peptide loaded self-healing hydrogel promotes diabetic skin wound healing through macrophage orchestration and inflammation inhibition.

Chronic wound is one of the complications of diabetes, and its difficult cure results in increased disability rate and mortality rate, which brings serious psychological and economic burden to patients. Excessive inflammation is one of the key reasons for poor tissue healing in chronic diabetic wounds. Herewith, the development of wound dressings with anti-inflammation and promoting tissue repair is of great significance for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.

The impact of product quality attributes on in vivo performance of bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes.

A bupivacaine multivesicular liposomal injectable formulation, Exparel™, is a nonopioid long-acting local analgesic indicated for pain management across and/or post surgeries. For such products, preclinical data is lacking to support bioequivalence determination for potential generic products. Therefore, in the present work, in vivo studies were set up in male Sprague-Dawley rats to understand the in vivo performance of bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes (MVLs), aiming to provide information on bioequivalence establishment between comparator products.

Hexahistidine-metal assembly encapsulated fibroblast growth factor 21 for lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a spectrum of potentially fatal conditions that currently lack effective drug treatment. Recent researches suggest that Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) may protect against ALI/ARDS. However, the clinical use of FGF21 is limited by its rapid degradation, restricted targeting capabilities, and numerous adverse effects.

Study on mechanical properties of sandstone damaged by blasting load under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading.

To investigate the changes in the strength and deformation of the blast load-damaged sandstone roof plate under cyclic loading and unloading conditions at different confining pressures, a triaxial loading device was used to carry out graded cyclic unloading tests on specimens with different degrees of damage, and the test results were summarized. The effects of blast-load-induced damage, confining pressure and loading stage on the strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, residual strain and volumetric strain were analyzed. (1) Compared with that of the undamaged specimen at a confining pressure of 0 MPa, the peak stress reductions in the vibration-damaged and blast-damaged specimens were 4.

Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics Reveal Anti-Ferroptotic Effects of Curcumin in Acute Kidney Injury.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to high rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide thereby posing a major public health problem. Evidences suggest that ferroptosis is the primary cause of AKI, while inhibition of monoamine oxidase A(MAOA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine were recognized as the defender of ferroptosis. Curcumin (Cur) is a natural polyphenol and the main bioactive compound of , which has been found nephroprotection in AKI.

A wearable osmotic microneedle patch provides high-capacity sustained drug delivery in animal models.

The maintenance of stable plasma drug concentrations within a therapeutic window can be critical for drug efficacy. Here, we developed a wearable osmotic microneedle (OMN) patch to support sustained drug dosing for at least 24 hours without the use of electronic components. The OMN patch uses an osmotic pressure driving force to deliver drug solution into the skin through three hollow microneedles with diameters of less than 200 micrometers.

A nomogram for predicting short-term mortality in ICU patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting 28-day and 90-day mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coexisting with congestive heart failure (CHF).

Methods: An extensive analysis was conducted on clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, covering patients over 18 years old with both COPD and CHF, who were were first-time ICU admissions between 2008 and 2019. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was employed to screen clinical features, with the final model being optimized using backward stepwise regression guided by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to construct the nomogram.

Experimental study on mechanical properties and breakage of high temperature carbon fiber-bar reinforced concrete under impact load.

To investigate the effects of high temperature and carbon fiber-bar reinforcement on the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete materials, a muffle furnace was used to treat two kinds of specimens, plain and carbon fiber-bar reinforced concrete, at high temperatures of 25, 200, 400 and 600 °C. Impact compression tests were carried out on two specimens after high-temperature exposure using a Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test setup combined with a high-speed camera device to observe the crack extension process of the specimens. The effects of high temperature and carbon fiber-bar reinforcement on the peak stress, energy dissipation density, crack propagation and fractal dimension of the concrete were analyzed.

An orally administered glucose-responsive polymeric complex for high-efficiency and safe delivery of insulin in mice and pigs.

Contrary to current insulin formulations, endogenous insulin has direct access to the portal vein, regulating glucose metabolism in the liver with minimal hypoglycaemia. Here we report the synthesis of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer comprising a glucose-responsive positively charged segment and polycarboxybetaine. The mixing of this polymer with insulin facilitates the formation of worm-like micelles, achieving highly efficient absorption by the gastrointestinal tract and the creation of a glucose-responsive reservoir in the liver.

Designing Microneedle Patch for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication following cardiac surgery, which often occurs within 30 postoperative days, especially peaking at 2-3 days. Antiarrhythmic medications such as amiodarone are recommended in clinical practice for the prophylaxis and treatment of POAF. However, conventional oral administration is hindered due to delayed drug action and high risks of systemic toxicity, and emerging localized delivery strategies suffer from a limited release duration (less than 30 days).

Platelet-Drug Conjugates Engineered via One-step Fusion Approach for Metastatic and Postoperative Cancer Treatment.

The exploration of cell-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy has gained growing attention. Approaches to engineering therapeutic cells with multidrug loading in an effective, safe, and precise manner while preserving their inherent biological properties remain of great interest. Here, we report a strategy to simultaneously load multiple drugs in platelets in a one-step fusion process.

L-arginine loading porous PEEK promotes percutaneous tissue repair through macrophage orchestration.

Infection and poor tissue repair are the key causes of percutaneous implantation failure. However, there is a lack of effective strategies to cope with due to its high requirements of sterilization, soft tissue healing, and osseointegration. In this work, l-arginine (L-Arg) was loaded onto a sulfonated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface to solve this issue.