Genetic structure, dispersal pathways, and northern expansion predictions of Solenopsis invicta: A two-decade journey through China's diverse landscapes.

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, has invaded China for over two decades, advancing northwest from Guangdong to the Yangtze River coast at 30.8° N latitude. A decade since the last genetic analysis, this study revisits the species' genetic structure and invasion trajectory amidst intensifying selective pressures.

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of novel berberine derivative HBBR-F4 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae.

Background: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of rice bacterial blight, poses a significant threat to global crop security by means of systemic vascular colonization. In order to address emerging resistance challenges, a rational drug design strategy was employed, which involved structurally optimizing the natural alkaloid berberine (BBR).

Antibacterial Activities of Prenylated Flavonoids from against pv .

The increasing resistance of phytopathogenic bacteria to chemical pesticides has underscored the urgent need for novel bactericidal agents. produces a wide range of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. Here, eight prenylated flavonoids were evaluated for the activity against phytopathogenic bacteria.

Cryptolepine Derivatives Are Insecticide Leads by Targeting Insect Chitinolytic Enzymes and Bilin-Binding Protein.

Multitarget inhibitors (MIs) against insect chitinolytic enzymes are potential pesticide candidates. However, currently known Mis suffers from low biological activity and limited possibilities for structural modification. Here, cryptolepine and its halogenated derivatives were discovered as MIs against all of four insect chitinolytic enzymes from (ChtI, ChtII, Chi-h and Hex1) with values at μM level.

Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activity of Stilbene Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Bacteria.

The increasing resistance of phytopathogenic bacteria to chemical pesticides has underscored the urgent need for novel bactericidal agents. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of stilbene derivatives for their antibacterial activity against six strains of plant-pathogenic bacteria. Among them, compound showed the optimal activity against pv () and , with both MIC values of 1.

Sophormodines A-C, three alkaloids with antiviral activities against the HBV from the seeds of the Tibetan medicine plant Sophora moorcroftiana.

Three previously undescribed alkaloids sophormodines A-C (1-3), along with three known analogues (4-6), were isolated and fully elucidated from the seeds of the Tibetan medicine plant Sophora moorcroftiana. Compounds 1 and 2 possess unprecedented 6/5/6/6 and 5/6/6/6 ring systems, respectively, while 3 is a CN-alkaloid featuring a unique 5/6/6/6-tetracyclic carbon skeleton with an unusual pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde unit. These previously undescribed structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data analysis (including NMR and MS), and the absolute configurations were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD data.

Factors affecting dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the elderly and the progress of interventions in traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

As the population ages, intestinal health in the elderly has become a key area of concern, with gut microbiota dysbiosis emerging as a significant issue. This review summarizes the factors influencing dysbiosis and interventions from both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine, offering a reference for future research. A comprehensive search of global databases up to March 2024 identified 617 original studies on gut microbiota dysbiosis in individuals aged 65 and older.

Design and discovery of novel antifungal candidates with 1,3-Dicarbonyl as a promising pharmacophore.

Background: Pongamol is a flavonoid natural product containing a 1,3-dicarbonyl structure, which has various biological activities and plays an important role as the main skeleton in new drug development. 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are not only widely used as synthetic building blocks in many organic reactions, but also commonly found in natural products and active molecules in pharmaceuticals. Sixty-one dicarbonyl derivatives were designed and synthesized using the 1,3-dicarbonyl active fragment as a structural unit and their antifungal activities against six agricultural plant pathogens were determined.

Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of Matrine Derivatives as Potential Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a causative reagent that frequently causes progressive liver diseases, leading to the development of acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite several antiviral drugs, including interferon- and nucleotide derivatives, being approved for clinical treatment of HBV, critical issues remain unresolved, e.g.

Influence of hydroxyl substitution on the inhibition of flavonoids in advanced glycation end-products formation in glucose-lysine-arginine Maillard reaction models.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) generated from the Maillard reaction (MR) during food processing in the human physiological environment, have been proven to be significantly associated with various chronic metabolic diseases. In this study, 18 flavonoids were investigated to study their effects on AGEs formation during MR within a glucose-lysine-arginine model system. Five AGEs- N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), N-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), pyrraline, pentosidine, and argpyrimidine-were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, with inhibitory rates ranging between 0 % and 71.

The Small Molecules of Plant Origin with Anti-Glioma Activity.

Gliomas, originating from glial cells, are prevalent and aggressive brain tumors with high recurrence rates and poor prognosis. Despite advancements in surgical, radiation, and chemotherapeutic treatments, the survival rates remain low. Current standard therapies, such as Temozolomide, have limitations due to cytotoxicity, restricted effectiveness, and severe side effects.

Indoloquinoline alkaloid neocryptolepine derivative inhibits by targeting thiamine thiazole synthase.

The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant strains pose a great challenge to the quality and safety of agricultural products and the efficient use of pesticides. Previously unidentified fungicides and targets are urgently needed to combat -associated infections as alternative therapeutic options. In this study, the promising compound Z24 demonstrated efficacy against all tested plant pathogenic fungi.

Deficiency of KIF15 contributes to oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity by limiting annexin A2 and enhancing TRPA1 localization in DRG neuronal membrane.

Effective treatments for oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity remain a significant clinical challenge, primarily due to gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Our previous studies have indicated that kinesin-12 (KIF15) is expressed in neurons, suggesting its potential involvement in neurodevelopment and neuronal plasticity. However, its role in mediating chemotherapy-induced pain in primary sensory neurons has not yet been reported.

Structural Simplification of Luotonin F: Discovery of Quinoline Derivatives as Novel Antifungal Agents for Plant Protection.

Inspired by the natural quinoline alkaloid Luotonin F, a series of quinoline-3-hydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesized by structure simplification and evaluated for their fungicidal activities against plant phytopathogenic fungi. The bioassay results showed that these compounds exhibited broad-spectrum and highly efficient antifungal activities . Among them, compound exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activities against , , , , , and with EC values of 0.

Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of novel Marinoquinoline derivatives against phytopathogenic bacteria.

Background: Plant diseases caused by plant pathogens pose a great threat to biodiversity and food security, and the problem of drug resistance caused by traditional antibiotics and fungicides is becoming more and more serious. It is urgent to develop new antibacterial molecules with low toxicity and high efficiency. Marinoquinoline A is an alkaloid isolated from marine actinomycetes and has a variety of pharmacological activities.

CircMETTL9 targets CCAR2 to induce neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondria-mediated pathways following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a principal factor in neurological disorders, often resulting in significant morbidity due to secondary neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses. While circular RNAs are recognized for their high expression levels in the nervous system and play crucial roles in various neurological processes, their specific contributions to the pathophysiology of TBI remain underexplored. In this study, the possible molecular mechanisms through which circMETTL9 modulated oxidative stress and neurological outcomes following TBI were investigated.

Microvasculature and trabecular bone in beagle proximal femur: Microstructural insights.

Background: Avascular necrosis of femoral head and malunion are frequent post-operative complications of femoral neck fractures. To optimize surgical techniques, this study aims to provide a microstructural understanding of intraosseous microvasculature and the trabecular bone of the femoral head and neck.

Study Design: This anatomical study analyzed twenty-eight femora from fourteen cadaveric beagles.

Antifungal Effects and Postharvest Diseases Control Potential of , -2, 4-Nonadienal against .

Pathogenic microorganisms are a significant cause of food spoilage, adversely affecting both product quality and human health. This study evaluated the antifungal activities of 34 aldehydes against foodborne and plant pathogenic fungi, identifying 8 promising lead compounds. Among them, , -2, 4-nonadienal exhibited optimal effects against with an EC of 11.

Design and synthesis aldehydes-thiourea and thiazolyl hydrazine derivatives as promising antifungal agents against Monilinia fructicola.

Background: Fungal diseases present a significant threat to global agriculture, necessitating the development of new, safe, and effective fungicides. Existing fungicides face resistance and health risks, prompting the synthesis of novel compounds. Researchers have synthesized aldehyde-based thiourea and thiazolyl hydrazine derivatives, evaluating their antifungal activities to identify impactful pesticide molecules.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Quinoline Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Bacteria Inspired from Natural Quinine Alkaloids.

A series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized with introduction of the antibacterial fragment amino alcohols, and their antibacterial activity against plant phytopathogenic bacteria was evaluated for the development of quinoline bactericides. It is worth noting that compound exhibited excellent antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 3.12 μg/mL against ().

Nomogram for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver resection.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with high mortality. Liver resection (LR) is a curative treatment for early-stage HCC, but the prognosis of HCC patients after LR is unsatisfactory because of tumor recurrence. Prognostic prediction models with great performance are urgently needed.