The molecular pathogenesis of SOX2 in prostate cancer.

SOX2 is one of the members of the SOX transcription factor family, which is believed to be an important transcription factor that plays a role in embryonic development, maintenance of stem cells, cancer progression, and resistance to cancer treatment. There is increasing evidence suggesting that SOX2 is crucial for the initiation, progression, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance of prostate cancer, therefore understanding the mechanism of SOX2 in prostate cancer can provide better targets for the treatment of prostate cancer. This article reviews the structural domains, normal physiological functions, and role in prostate cancer progression of SOX2, providing potential targets for prostate cancer treatment.

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2: Tumor biology, signaling pathway and therapeutic targeting (Review).

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is a type II transmembrane protein that serves critical roles in antiretroviral defense in the innate immune response. In addition, it has been suggested that BST2 is highly expressed in various types of human cancer and high BST2 expression is related to different clinicopathological parameters in cancer. The molecular mechanism underlying BST2 as a potential tumor biomarker in human solid tumors has been reported on; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no review published on the molecular mechanism of BST2 in human solid tumors.

Nitrogen vacancy-rich carbon nitride anchored with iron atoms for efficient redox dyshomeostasis under ultrasound actuation.

Traditional Fe-based Fenton reaction for inducing oxidative stress is restricted by random charge transfer without oriental delivery, and the resultant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is always too simplistic to realize a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. Herein, FeN/CN nanosheets rich in nitrogen vacancies are developed for high-performance redox dyshomeostasis therapy after surface conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD). Surface defects in FeN/CN serve as electron traps to drive the directional transfer of the excited electrons to Fe atom sites under ultrasound (US) actuation, and the highly elevated electron density promote the catalytic conversion of HO into ·OH.

Molecular pathogenesis, mechanism and therapy of Cav1 in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second incidence of malignant tumors in men worldwide. Its incidence and mortality are increasing year by year. Enhanced expression of Cav1 in prostate cancer has been linked to both proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, influencing disease progression.

Molecular mechanisms of syncytin-1 in tumors and placental development related diseases.

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have evolved from exogenous retroviruses and account for approximately 8% of the human genome. A growing number of findings suggest that the abnormal expression of HERV genes is associated with schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, endometriosis, breast cancer, bladder cancer and other diseases. HERV-W env (syncytin-1) is a membrane glycoprotein which plays an important role in placental development.

Application of role reversal and standardized patient simulation (SPS) in the training of new nurses.

Purpose: To explore the effect of role reversal and standardized patient simulation on the training of new nurses.

Method: This study was conducted in a territory hospital in China between August 2021 and August 2022. The selected staff were all newly recruited and trained nurses, with a total of 58 cases.

Ultrasound-Activatable g-C N -Anchored Titania Heterojunction as an Intracellular Redox Homeostasis Perturbator for Augmented Oncotherapy.

Energy band structure of inorganic nano-sonosensitizers is usually optimized by surface decoration with noble metals or metal oxide semiconductors, aiming to enhance interfacial charge transfer, augment spin-flip and promote radical generation. To avoid potential biohazards of metallic elements, herein, metal-free graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C N QDs) are anchored onto hollow mesoporous TiO nanostructure to formulate TiO @g-C N heterojunction. The direct Z-scheme charge transfer significantly improves the separation/recombination dynamics of electron/hole (e /h ) pairs upon ultrasound (US) stimulation, which promotes the yield of singlet oxygen ( O ) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH).

A robust Au@CuS nanoreactor assembled by silk fibroin for enhanced intratumoral glucose depletion and redox dyshomeostasis.

Intracellular redox dyshomeostasis promoted by tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation has become an appealing therapeutic target for cancer management. Herein, a dual plasmonic Au/SF@CuS nanoreactor (abbreviation as ASC) is elaborately developed by covalent immobilization of sulfur defective CuS nanodots onto the surface of silk fibroin (SF)-capped Au nanoparticles. Tumor hypoxia can be effectively alleviated by ASC-mediated local oxygenation, owing to the newfound catalase-mimic activity of CuS.

Zirconia-Platinum Nanohybrids for Ultrasound-Activated Sonodynamic-Thermodynamic Bimodal Therapy by Inducing Intense Intracellular Oxidative Stress.

The therapeutic exploration of nano-zirconia semiconductor largely remains untouched in the field of fundamental science to date. Here, a robust nano-sonosensitizer of ZrO @Pt is strategically formulated by in situ growth of Pt nanocrystal onto the surface of oxygen-deficient ZrO . Compared to 3.

Recent Insight on Regulations of FBXW7 and Its Role in Immunotherapy.

SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is a crucial enzyme of the ubiquitin proteasome system that participates in variant activities of cell process, and its component FBXW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7) is responsible for recognizing and binding to substrates. The expression of FBXW7 is controlled by multiple pathways at different levels. FBXW7 facilitates the maturity and function maintenance of immune cells functioning as a mediator of ubiquitination-dependent degradation of substrate proteins.

The Biocompatibility of Multi-Source Stem Cells and Gelatin-Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Sodium Alginate Hybrid Biomaterials.

Background: Nowadays, biological tissue engineering is a growing field of research. Biocompatibility is a key indicator for measuring tissue engineering biomaterials, which is of great significance for the replacement and repair of damaged tissues.

Methods: In this study, using gelatin, carboxymethyl chitosan, and sodium alginate, a tissue engineering material scaffold that can carry cells was successfully prepared.

Silk fibroin-capped metal-organic framework for tumor-specific redox dyshomeostasis treatment synergized by deoxygenation-driven chemotherapy.

Disturbance in redox homeostasis always leads to oxidative damages to cellular components, which inhibits cancer cell proliferation and causes tumor regression. Therefore, synergistic effects arising from cellular redox imbalance together with other treatment modalities are worth further investigation. Herein, a metal-organic framework nanosystem (NMOF) based on coordination between Fe (III) and 4,4,4,4-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzoic acid) (TCPP) was synthesized through a one-pot method.

Acidic TME-Responsive Nano-Bi Se @MnCaP as a NIR-II-Triggered Free Radical Generator for Hypoxia-Irrelevant Phototherapy with High Specificity and Immunogenicity.

Here, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nano-Bi Se @MnCaP, as a near-infrared-II (NIR-II) biowindow-triggered free radical generator for hypoxia-irrelevant phototherapy, is elaborately developed by biomimetic mineralization of MnCaP onto 2, 2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH)-loaded mesoporous nano-Bi Se to form Bi Se /AIPH@MnCaP (BAM). Surface mineral of MnCaP can be degraded under mild acidity, leading to the release of both Mn and AIPH. The leached Mn not only facilitates chemodynamic therapy (CDT) via hydroxyl radicals ( OH) from Mn -mediated Fenton-like reaction but also acts as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.

Implication of human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes MEK/ERK-mediated metastatic invasiveness and doxorubicin resistance.

Human endogenous retrovirus (HERVs), originating from exogenous retroviral infections of germ cells millions of years ago, have the potential for human diseases. Syncytin-1, an envelope protein encoded by the HERV W family, participates in the contexts of schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and several types of cancers. Nevertheless, there is no report on the expression pattern and potential mechanism of Syncytin-1 in HCC.

Lacrimal gland budding requires PI3K-dependent suppression of EGF signaling.

The patterning of epithelial buds is determined by the underlying signaling network. Here, we study the cross-talk between phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ras signaling during lacrimal gland budding morphogenesis. Our results show that PI3K is activated by both the p85-mediated insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Ras-mediated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling.

MnO-capped silk fibroin (SF) nanoparticles with chlorin e6 (Ce6) encapsulation for augmented photo-driven therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Silk fibroin (SF), derived from Bombyx mori, is a category of fibrous protein with outstanding potential for applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields. In spite of its many advantageous properties, the exploration of SF as a versatile nanodrug precursor for tumor therapy has still been restricted in recent years. Herein, a multifunctional SF-derived nanoplatform was facilely developed via encapsulating the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) into MnO2-capped SF nanoparticles (NPs).

Ureter tissue engineering with vessel extracellular matrix and differentiated urine-derived stem cells.

Objective: To assess the possibility of ureter tissue engineering using vessel extracellular matrix (VECM) and differentiated urine-derived stem cells (USCs) in a rabbit model.

Methods: VECM was prepared by a modified technique. USCs were isolated from human urine samples and cultured with an induction medium for the differentiation of the cells into urothelium and smooth muscle phenotypes.

Lens differentiation is controlled by the balance between PDGF and FGF signaling.

How multiple receptor tyrosine kinases coordinate cell fate determination is yet to be elucidated. We show here that the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling recruits the p85 subunit of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) to regulate mammalian lens development. Activation of PI3K signaling not only prevents B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-Associated X (Bax)- and BCL2 Antagonist/Killer (Bak)-mediated apoptosis but also promotes Notch signaling to prevent premature cell differentiation.