Genotypic Characteristics of Based on Whole Genome Sequencing - Southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2021-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Currently, is classified into 9 major lineages, each exhibiting distinct geographical distribution patterns and transmission characteristics. In China, Lineage 2 predominates, while Lineage 3 is primarily distributed in the Xinjiang region.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study integrated multidimensional analyses incorporating patient characteristics, strain lineages, drug resistance profiles, and transmission networks, providing a comprehensive elucidation of molecular epidemiology.

Epidemiological characteristics of invasive meningococcal disease and carriage prevalence of in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2004-2023: a retrospective study.

Objective: The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) currently exhibits the high incidence rates of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in China. Current epidemiological data on meningococcal carriage rates among asymptomatic individuals remain sparse, with limited population-based studies systematically investigating the prevalence of colonization in the general population. This study employs a dual-pronged epidemiological approach to systematically characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of IMD in Xinjiang and quantify the nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of among asymptomatic populations, while identifying region-specific sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of carriage dynamics.

The prevalence and genetic characteristics of human bocavirus in patients with acute respiratory infection in China during 2012-2021.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a common respiratory virus among patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI). To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of HBoV, clinical specimens from 13,109 ARI patients were collected through active surveillance from 12 provinces of China during 2012-2021. Extracted nucleic acid was screened and the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene was directly amplified and sequenced in HBoV-positive specimens.

Comparative mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of malaria mosquitoes Anopheles hyrcanus and Anopheles messeae.

Anopheles mosquitoes serve as a significant vector for the transmission of malaria and arboviruses holding great medical importance, but their phylogenetic relationships have not yet been clearly elucidated. This study was the first to sequence and analyze the mitochondrial genomic features of An. hyrcanus and An.

Multipathway health risk assessment on disinfection byproducts of drinking water in central China: a study of 15,280 samples.

Disinfection is essential for protecting human health from microorganisms in drinking water. In addition to killing microorganisms, disinfection can introduce disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which impose detrimental effects on human health. In this study, a total of 15,280 water samples were monitored in 120 counties of Hunan Province, Central China, in periods ranging from 1 July 2023 to 31 December 2024.

The analysis of distinctive lipid metabolism characteristics in dry-cured beef during processing.

Dry-cured beef (DB), CG (control group), FG (fermented group), RG (ripened group) stages were selected to analyse the key lipid metabolites using the lipid metabolism approach based on UPLC-MS/MS. We identified 301 metabolites from 13 subclasses, with 80 markedly different lipids. Fatty acyls (FA) and glycerol phospholipids (GP) were the most abundant.

Environmental monitoring and spatiotemporal trend analysis of avian influenza virus in Xinjiang, 2021-2023.

Background: Avian influenza, a significant threat to public health, requires monitoring for the development of control strategies. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of avian influenza virus in the external environment of Xinjiang from 2021 to 2023, to enhance understanding of its transmission patterns and provide a scientific basis for public health response measures.

Methods: A total of 3913 avian-related environmental samples were collected from nine monitoring areas in Xinjiang.

Changes and risk factors of adult prediabetes, diabetes prevalence and diabetes control among adult residents in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2018.

To analyze the status and related risk factors of prediabetes, diabetes and diabetes control among adult residents in Xinjiang, so as to provide basis and guidance for local diabetes prevention and treatment. A multi-stage stratified sampling method was adopted to conduct preliminary screening of all residents aged 18 years old and above. Personal characteristics, blood glucose, hypertension and blood fat were collected by questionnaire survey, physical measurements and laboratory examinations respectively, and the risk factors of prediabetes, diabetes and blood glucose control were analyzed by binary logistic regression model.

Interactions among tuberculosis, geographic environment and aerosols: evidence from the Kashgar region of China.

Background: Aerosols can affect human health through mechanisms like inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and respiratory impairment. In high-pollution areas, airborne particles may promote the transmission of pathogens such as . This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of tuberculosis, its association with air pollution, and potential sources in the geographically unique Kashgar region of Xinjiang, encircled by mountains and desert.

The continuous expansion and spread of human brucellosis in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: evidence from epidemiological and strains' genotyping-based analysis.

Human brucellosis is a severe public health threat in Xinjiang; however, the epidemiological evolution and molecular correlation of strains are still unclear. In this study, join point regression analysis, spatiotemporal scan analysis, conventional biotyping approaches, and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were applied to characterize the epidemiological landscape. A total of 78,689 cases were reported from 1957 to 2023.

Spatial Distribution and Dietary Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins in Raw Milk and Dairy Feedstuff Samples from Different Climate Zones in China.

This study aimed to explore the contamination of aflatoxins by investigating the spatial distribution of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in cow feedstuff and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk, and the potential health risks of AFM1 in milk and dairy products. Feedstuff and raw milk were collected from 160 pastures in three climate zones of China from October to November 2020. The results indicated the level of AFB1 and AFM1 ranged from 51.

Evaluation of drinking water quality in Xinjiang based on the improved comprehensive water quality index.

Objective: To evaluate the drinking water quality in cities and towns in Xinjiang.

Methods: The testing data of 6543 water samples from the dry season and the wet season in 2023 were selected, and the drinking water quality in Xinjiang was evaluated and analyzed by using the Nemerow pollution index, the worst factor discriminant method and the weighted average method to calculate the comprehensive water quality index.

Results: The comprehensive index of drinking water quality in Xinjiang was 0.

Analysis of thyroid function and structure and serum metabolomics in pregnant rats exposed to airborne contaminants: Combined perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposure.

Objectives: Perchlorates, nitrates, and thiocyanates constitute environmental endocrine disruptors; however, health damage caused by absorption through the respiratory tract remains poorly studied. We investigated the effects of inhalation of these pollutants on thyroid function and structure and serum metabolomics in pregnant rats.

Methods: We established a Sprague-Dawley pregnant rat model exposed to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate at different gestational stages and compared maternal serum thyroid function levels, foetal development, thyroid morphology, and pathological changes between exposed and non-exposed groups at different concentrations.

Assessment of compliance and therapeutic efficacy of albendazole treatment in Chinese patients with echinococcosis.

Background: Echinococcosis is an infectious parasitic disease that is extremely harmful to human health. Albendazole is provided free of charge to patients requiring medication under the central government finance transfer payment scheme for echinococcosis control and prevention in China. Our aim is to monitor the state of patient medication and its therapeutic impact, which will help improve medication compliance and the therapeutic effect.

Construction of a Competency Evaluation Indicator System for Emergency Response Staff in Disease Control and Prevention Institutions - China, 2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Currently, there is no established scientific standard to guide disease control and prevention organizations in the selection of emergency response personnel. Given the growing risk of significant infectious disease outbreaks, it is imperative to develop an evaluation system for assessing emergency response capabilities.

What Is Added By This Report?: Drawing from competency theory, this study developed an assessment framework for evaluating the emergency response capabilities of staff at disease control and prevention institutions focused on major infectious diseases.

Assessment of human health risk induced by 7 metals exposure through drinking water in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.

Heavy metal water pollution refers to the abnormal concentration of metal elements and their compounds in water with a relative density of >4.5, which causes the water quality to decline or deteriorate. To assess the presence of 7 metals in drinking water in a city in Xinjiang and the health risks to the human body caused by drinking the water and to provide a scientific basis for health risk management for drinking water.

Spatial-temporal evolution patterns of influenza incidence in Xinjiang Prefecture from 2014 to 2023 based on GIS.

Using GIS technology, this study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of influenza incidence in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2023 based on influenza surveillance data. The study revealed a noticeable fluctuation trend in influenza incidence rates in Xinjiang, particularly notable spikes observed in 2019 and 2023. The results of the 3-year moving average showed a significant long-term upward trend in influenza incidence rates, confirmed by Theil-Sen method (MAD = 2.

[Surveillance of echinococcosis in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022].

Objective: To analyze the echinococcosis surveillance results in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of echinococcosis control measures in the prefecture.

Methods: Villagers were randomly sampled using a multistage sampling method from class I and II echinococcosis endemic counties in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022 for detection of human echinococcosis, while all patients undergoing ultrasound examinations in medical institutions in class III endemic counties received active echinococcosis screening. In addition, livestock in centralized slaughterhouses or slaughtering sites were screened for echinococcosis using the palpation and necropsy method, and fresh domestic dog feces samples were collected from randomly selected dog owners in each administrative village for detection of copro-antigen in domestic dogs.

Inferring Drug Resistance and Transmission using Whole-genome Sequencing in a High TB-burden Setting in China.

Objective: China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, and TB remains a public health concern. Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China. However, molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking.

[Analysis on personal protection in occupational population at high risk for brucellosis and influencing factor in China].

To understand the current status of personal protection in occupational population at high risk for brucellosis in China and provide evidence for the evaluation of implementation of National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan (2016-2020). Four counties in Shanxi Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey in occupational population at high risk for brucellosis from December 2019 to July 2020 by using cross-sectional survey methods. A total of 2 384 persons at high risk for brucellosis were surveyed, and the standardized utilization rate of personal protective equipment (PPE) was 20.

Construction of ZnCdS with a 3D Hierarchical Structure for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting.

The ZnCdS has been proven to have unique photoelectric properties, but its synthesis method and photocatalytic water cracking performance need to be further improved. In this paper, Cd-MOF@ZIF-8 with a MOF-on-MOF (MOF = metal-organic framework) structure was prepared by a simple ion adsorption method. Then, a CdS/ZnCdS heterojunction with a 3D hierarchical structure was formed by solvothermal sulfidation.

A Case-Control Study of the Relationship Between Genetic Polymorphism and Cretinism in Xinjiang.

Background: Cretinism is a subtype of congenital hypothyroidism, an endocrine disorder resulting from inadequate thyroid hormone production or receptor deficiency. Genetic abnormalities play a major role in the development of thyroid dysfunction.

Methods: We recruited 183 participants with cretinism and 119 healthy participants from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and randomly selected 29 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in , and in all participants.

Investigation on the Management for Patients with Echinococcosis Treated with Albendazole - Three PLADs, China, 2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In China, patients with echinococcosis receive complimentary healthcare services, such as medical treatment, diagnostic examinations, and follow-up care. Despite this, no studies have been conducted to assess the quality of patient management to date.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study reviewed the medical records of 899 patients who underwent albendazole treatment across 10 endemic counties.

A Questionnaire Survey on Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Control and Prevention - China, 2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Tuberculosis (TB) is a multisystem disease that might affect any organ. Currently, the National TB Program (NTP) issued by the State Council of China, only covers pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and the status of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) remains unclear nationwide.

What Is Added By This Report?: The survey conducted by China CDC reported that there were no specific health facilities responsible for diagnosis, treatment and management of EPTB in China, while more than half of counties thought it should be included into NTP.