Dual-function fab-scFv fusion antibody ameliorates ulcerative colitis by targeting hFcRn-mediated colonic enrichment and TNF-α neutralization.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by disruption of intestinal barrier function and complex inflammatory manifestations locally and systemically. Although anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) agents such as Infliximab (IFX) are effective in treating IBD, their intestinal tissue concentration has been regarded as determinant of therapeutic efficacy while was restrained by the large molecular weight. Considering the enhanced expression of human neonatal Fc receptor (hFcRn) in UC tissues, we attempted to deliver the therapeutic entity of IFX into UC tissues by developing a novel dual-acting IFX Fab-F8 (IFX-F8) fusion protein for UC treatment.

Evolutionary Distribution Changes of Sichuan Golden Monkeys () in the Quaternary.

Retrospective reconstruction of animals' evolutionary development and geographic changes in recent history, as well as monitoring contemporary conservation status, are critical to amending existing conservation strategies. This study presents an innovative effort, as demonstrated by the Sichuan golden monkeys () in China. We studied their fossil distribution patterns during the Pleistocene, explored historical distribution changes over the last 400 years, and surveyed 27 nature reserves where they dwell.

Phylogenetic Reassessment of Murinae Inferred from the Mitogenome of the Monotypic Genus Endemic to Southeast Asia: New Insights into Genetic Diversity Erosion.

The Millard's rat (), a threatened murid endemic to Southeast Asian montane rainforests and the sole member of its monotypic genus, faces escalating endangered risks as a Near Threatened species in China's Biodiversity Red List. This ecologically specialized rodent exhibits diagnostic morphological adaptations-hypertrophied upper molars and cryptic pelage-that underpin niche differentiation in undisturbed tropical/subtropical forests. Despite its evolutionary distinctiveness, the conservation prioritization given to is hindered due to a deficiency of data and unresolved phylogenetic relationships.

[Study on strategies and methods for discovering risk of traditional Chinese medicine-related liver injury based on real-world data: an example of Corydalis Rhizoma].

In recent years, there have been frequent adverse reactions/events associated with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), especially liver injury related to traditional non-toxic TCM, which requires adequate attention. Liver injury related to traditional non-toxic TCM is characterized by its sporadic and insidious nature and is influenced by various factors, making its detection and identification challenging. There is an urgent need to develop a strategy and method for early detection and recognition of traditional non-toxic TCM-related liver injury.

Molecular Detection and Isolation of Species in Bats and Their Ectoparasites Along the China-Myanmar Border.

are parasitic pathogens that infect many mammals, including humans, and cause significant diseases. This study investigates the presence, genetic diversity, and tissue tropism of in bats and their ectoparasites along the China-Myanmar border. Bats and ectoparasites were collected from Yingjiang, Ruili, and Gengma Counties.

Structure-aware diffusion model for molecule generation based on K-Nearest Neighbor and equivariant graph neural network.

Aim: Generating molecules with specific chemical properties for target proteins can accelerate the drug development process and open new avenues for developing treatments for diseases with known pathogenic target proteins. However, current approaches to generate molecules with desired properties face several challenges, including prolonged generation time, complexity in learning parameters, and unqualified chemical properties.

Results/methodology: To address these issues, we proposed a structure-aware diffusion model, termed KGMG.

Neuroprotective effect of Urolithin A via downregulating VDAC1-mediated autophagy in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributes to cognitive impairment and neuronal damage. Urolithin A (UA), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite of ellagic acid, has been reported to cross the blood-brain barrier to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects in the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms of UA in AD were still unclear.

Highly sensitive and selective sensing of lead (II) ions in Paris polyphylla using fluorescence-enhanced sulfur quantum dots in deep eutectic solvent micelles.

Heavy metal residues in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have raised significant concerns due to their inherent toxicological implications for human health. Therefore, there is an imperative requirement to establish an effective and sensitive method for detecting heavy metal ions. In this study, sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) were fabricated through a sonication-assisted HO etching approach, and the spectral characteristics of SQDs in deep eutectic solvent (DES) micelles were studied.

Insights from metagenomics on microbial biosynthesis of vitamins B and K in chicken gut microbiota.

Introduction: The chicken gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and overall health, contributing to the biosynthesis of essential vitamins. However, the biosynthesis of vitamins B and K by the whole gut microbiome, as well as their abundances across different gut regions, remains largely unknown.

Methods: We employed both metagenomic sequencing and culture-based techniques, collecting a total of 25,825 genomes (25,764 metagenome-assembled genomes and 61 isolated genomes).

Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of berberine: a comprehensive review.

In recent decades, the pharmacological properties of botanical drugs have been investigated with increasing depth, offering novel insights into their potential for enhancing healthcare. Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid extracted from the roots, rhizomes and stem tubers of plants such as s, , , and several other plants, which is used not only as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent, but also for the treatment of cancer and chronic diseases. BBR has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the management of disorders affecting the nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems, characterized by its high safety profile and minimal adverse effects.

Optimizing blood-brain barrier permeability in KRAS inhibitors: A structure-constrained molecular generation approach.

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) protein inhibitors are a promising class of therapeutics, but research on molecules that effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains limited, which is crucial for treating central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. Although molecular generation models have recently advanced drug discovery, they often overlook the complexity of biological and chemical factors, leaving room for improvement. In this study, we present a structure-constrained molecular generation workflow designed to optimize lead compounds for both drug efficacy and drug absorption properties.

Global trends and insights in interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health issue, with interferon (IFN)-based therapy playing a key role in achieving sustained virological response and immune-mediated viral clearance. This study analyzed global research trends, collaborative networks, and emerging priorities in interferon therapy for CHB.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Association between residential greenness and diabesity among adults in southwestern China: The role of physical activity and ambient air pollutants.

Background: While green space exposure has been associated with reduced risks of diabetes and obesity separately, its relationship with diabesity remains unclear. This large-scale cross-sectional study examined the relationship between residential greenness and diabesity among 76,545 adults from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort, while assessing potential mediation by air pollution (PM₁, PM, PM₁₀, NO₂) and physical activity (PA).

Methods: Residential greenness was assessed using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) within 250 m, 500 m, and 1000 m buffers.

Professional well-being pathways: examining how social structures and workplace fulfillment influence stress-related outcomes among healthcare practitioners.

Background: Healthcare practitioners regularly encounter elevated levels of workplace demands and challenging personal circumstances that can profoundly impact their overall well-being, measured by the EQ-5D Index (0-1). This investigation employed a cross-sectional survey (N = 624) and semi-structured interviews (n = 20) in 2024 across six healthcare institutions in Dali, China, using PLS-SEM to test sequential mediation pathways.

Methodology: We examined the sequential mediation model: 'occupational/life stressors → social resources → professional engagement → well-being'.

Immunoglobulin G4 Smoldering Multiple Myeloma With Immunoglobulin G4-Related Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Rare Case Report.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant tumor of the hematological system caused by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells, characterized by the production of M proteins and CRAB symptoms. Among them, the Immunoglobulin G MM is the most common, while the IgG4-MM is extremely rare. Smoldering multiple myeloma refers to a state where there are no clinical symptoms.

Comparative neurotoxic effects and mechanism of cadmium chloride and cadmium sulfate in neuronal cells.

Cadmium (Cd), a known food pollutant, has been demonstrated in numerous studies to induce neurological damage. The pathogenic mechanisms of cadmium chloride (CdCl) and cadmium sulfate (CdSO) are generally attributed to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the extent to which these two cadmium compounds exhibit differential concentration-dependent neurotoxic effects, as well as the specific underlying mechanisms involved, remain to be elucidated.

The Extract of (L.) Promotes Hair Regrowth in Mice with Alopecia by Regulating the FOXO/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Skin Microbiota.

Alopecia, a prevalent dermatological disorder affecting over half of the global population, is strongly associated with psychological distress. Extracts from (L. PA), a medicinal insect resource, exhibit pharmacological activities (e.

Bibliometric analysis of research on cervical cancer and miRNAs from 2010 to 2024: research trends, hotspots, and prospects.

Background And Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating the progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and HPV infection in cervical cancer. This bibliometric study aims to analyze research trends, identify major contributors, and explore emerging topics to guide future research directions and therapeutic advancements.

Methods: We systematically retrieved data from the Web of Science and PubMed databases (2010–2024).

Motivational factors influencing clinical nurses' participation in continuing education: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Clinical nurses' motivation to participate in continuing education is critical to improving professional competence and the quality of care delivery, but this motivation remains variable, especially in resource-limited settings. Understanding the underlying characteristics of motivation and the factors that influence it is essential for nurse managers to develop targeted interventions.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify distinct motivational profiles among clinical nurses in a third-tier city in western China and explore factors associated with these profiles, with a focus on self-efficacy and demographic variables.

Tentative Identification of Chemical Constituents in Liuwei Dihuang Pills Based on UPLC-Orbitrap-MS.

Background: Liuwei Dihuang Pills, a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been widely used in clinical practice for its multiple pharmacological effects. However, the systematic characterization and identification of its chemical constituents, especially the aqueous decoction, remain insufficient, which hinders in-depth research on its pharmacodynamic material basis. Thus, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive analysis of its chemical components using advanced analytical techniques.

Multinational cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer. However, the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin remains unclear across different healthcare systems. This study evaluates its international cost-effectiveness in four countries.

ATF5 inhibits autophagy and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by upregulating mTOR to suppress the stemness of liver cancer stem cells.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered risk factors for HCC progression. Research has indicated a link between reduced ATF5 expression and the aggressive growth of HCC, yet the effect of ATF5 on the stemness of HCC is still ambiguous. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the role and potential mechanism of ATF5 in the stemness of HCC.

Ureteral wall thickness at the ureterovesical junction as a significant factor in predicting medical expulsive therapy of ureterovesical junction stones.

Background: To evaluate ureteral wall thickness (UWT) at the ureterovesical junction (UVJ) measured by ultrasound for predicting spontaneous passage (SP) of uncomplicated UVJ stones.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 170 patients ≥ 18 years old, and size ≤ 10 mm of single UVJ stone, who were examined and treated in the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2020 to January 2024. The analysis included the size of the stones, the maximum UWT at the stone site measured by ultrasound, the degree of hydronephrosis, and the time of stone removal.

Plasticity of the gut microbiome of golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in response to seasonal variation in diet.

The effects of seasonal fluctuations in food availability on gut microbiome composition, diversity, and function present significant challenges to animals with hard-to-digest diets. Here, we investigate seasonal variation the gut microbiome of wild golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), a foregut fermenting primate, using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics data. We reconstructed 578 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), 76.

High-frequency and high-amplitude sounds enhance bird deterrence.

Given the widespread conflicts between humans and birds in contexts such as agricultural production, airports, and new energy installations, the development and application of bird deterrence technologies hold significant importance for both safeguarding human interests and advancing the cause of wildlife conservation. Artificial sounds are one of the most widely used methods for bird deterrence; however, there is a lack of systematic research on the effects of sound frequency and their combination. The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis), a first-class nationally protected wild animal of China, shares some of its habitats with human agricultural activities.