A simple widely applicable hairy root transformation method for gene function studies in medicinal plants.

Genetic transformation is a fundamental tool in molecular biology research of medicinal plants. Tailoring transgenic technologies to each distinct medicinal plant would necessitate a substantial investment of time and effort. Here, we present a simple hairy root transformation method that does not require sterile conditions, utilizing strain K599 and the visible RUBY reporter system.

Plasticity of the gut microbiome of golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in response to seasonal variation in diet.

The effects of seasonal fluctuations in food availability on gut microbiome composition, diversity, and function present significant challenges to animals with hard-to-digest diets. Here, we investigate seasonal variation the gut microbiome of wild golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), a foregut fermenting primate, using metagenomics and metatranscriptomics data. We reconstructed 578 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), 76.

Optimizing butyrate production from methanol and CO in microbial electrosynthesis.

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) enables the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into valuable chemicals utilizing renewable electricity. Acetate is often the main product but supplying a soluble electron donor facilitates upgrading acetate to butyrate via chain elongation. Compared to ethanol as the electron donor, methanol is a promising alternative as its production avoids the competition with food production.

Differential Lymphocyte Infiltration Shapes Corticosteroid Efficacy in Oral Lichen Planus.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder affecting 2%-4% of the population. Corticosteroids are commonly used for treatment, but responses vary, likely due to differences in lymphocyte profiles. This study evaluated the impact of CD20+ B cells and CD38+ plasma cells on corticosteroid efficacy in OLP patients.

Thin-Slice Brain CT Image Quality and Lesion Detection Evaluation in Deep Learning Reconstruction Algorithm.

Background: Clinical evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Precise Image (PI) algorithm in brain imaging remains limited. PI is a deep-learning reconstruction (DLR) technique that reduces image noise while maintaining a familiar Filtered Back Projection (FBP)-like appearance at low doses. This study aims to compare PI, Iterative Reconstruction (IR), and FBP-in improving image quality and enhancing lesion detection in 1.

Clinical analysis of karyotypes and phenotypes in 87 cases of Turner syndrome during transitional period.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the phenotypic characteristics of patients with Turner syndrome (TS) during the transitional period (12-18 years) and explore associations between clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, imaging features, and karyotypic variations, thereby optimizing clinical management strategies.

Methods: Chromosomal G-banding was performed on 87 patients with TS admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 2008 and December 2024. Patients were divided into Group A (cases with X monosomy, 45, X) and Group B (cases with other X chromosomal abnormalities, including mosaicism and structural anomalies).

Preoperative prediction for early recurrence in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: combining radiomics and abdominal fat analysis.

Background: The role of radiomics and abdominal fat analysis in the survival prediction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has attracted attention. This study aims to develop a preoperative model for predicting early recurrence (ER) in patients pathologically confirmed PDAC, combining radiomic and abdominal fat analysis.

Methods: A total of 177 patients (Hospital A) were retrospectively analyzed and allocated to the training cohort (n = 124) and internal validation cohort (n = 53).

The potential of wastewater monitoring as a novel surveillance tool for early warning of outbreaks.

The prolonged latency period and delayed reporting of clinical surveillance data have led to a sluggish response to outbreaks in China. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) provides real-time, cost-effective monitoring of various viruses. To confirm whether this approach can be applied to , 271 patients infected with were enrolled to evaluate the fecal shedding patterns of the bacterium.

Sustainable biomacromolecules revolutionizing intelligent food packaging: State-of-the-art review.

Transformative innovations in food packaging technologies are of strategic importance in ensuring global food security while advancing environmentally sustainable solutions. Intelligent packaging systems that integrate sensing capabilities with conventional packaging enable real-time quality monitoring of food through smart communication functionalities. These systems, particularly those incorporating biodegradable biomacromolecular composite films, demonstrate significant potential for enabling circular economic models in food preservation technologies.

Unlocking the potential of engineered microbes in immunotoxin-based cancer therapy.

Immunotoxins (ITs), as targeted cancer therapies, confront limitations including off-target effects, immunogenicity, and inadequate tumor penetration, hindering clinical translation. Advances in tumor microenvironment (TME) understanding and genetic engineering have enabled engineered microorganisms such as attenuated , Nissle 1917, and modified eukaryotic platforms (e.g.

Prognostic factors of conbercept intravitreal injection in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia.

PurposeChoroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia (PM-CNV) is an important main factor leading to decreased vision in patients with pathologic myopia. Conbercept, an anti-VEGF drug, is currently the primary treatment for PM-CNV. This study used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) data to investigate the factors influencing the visual prognosis of patients with PM-CNV.

Clinical evaluation and molecular analysis of genetic and epigenetic inactivation defects in GNAS in children: A multicenter experience in China.

Objective: We assessed pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), and progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) for genetic and epigenetic defects in GNAS and characterized their clinical features.

Design: We enrolled a total of 87 patients in our study, 70 patients underwent genetic analysis. We compared the clinical manifestations according to the previously reported inactivating PTH/PTHrP signaling disorder (iPPSD) classification combined with conventional clinical classification.

Selective butyrate production from CO and methanol in microbial electrosynthesis - influence of pH.

Methanol assisted microbial electrosynthesis (MES) enables butyrate production from carbon dioxide and methanol using external electricity. However, the effects of operational parameters on butyrate formation remain unclear. By running three flat plate MES reactors with fed-batch mode at three controlled pH values (5.

Cobalt-Catalyzed versus Base-Promoted Skeletal- and Stereodivergent Synthesis of Bicyclic α--, β--, and α--Glycosides.

A stereodivergent synthesis of bicyclic α--, β--, and α--glycosides is achieved with nonprecious Co(dpm), KCO, and DBU, respectively. Cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of 2,3-unsaturated 4-keto glycosyl carbonates with 1,3-diketones delivers α--glycosides in good yields with exclusive chemo- and regiocontrol and excellent diastereoselectivity (>20:1 dr). KCO enables β--glycosides via a cascaded intermolecular Michael addition/S2-like cyclization, whereas DBU promotes further C5 epimerization to give α--glycosides.

Zanubrutinib is well tolerated and effective in patients with CLL/SLL intolerant of ibrutinib/acalabrutinib: updated results.

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors such as ibrutinib (ibr) revolutionized chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) treatment, although treatment-related toxicities limit the use of some BTK inhibitors. Zanubrutinib, a potent next-generation BTK inhibitor, has higher selectivity than ibrutinib or acalabrutinib. The ongoing phase 2, single-arm BGB-3111-215 study investigates the safety and efficacy of zanubrutinib in patients with B-cell malignancies who are intolerant of ibrutinib and/or acalabrutinib.

Stereoselective synthesis of -glycosides from glycals and organotrifluoroborate salts.

Harnessing aryltrifluoroborates' stability and reactivity, we developed a Pd-catalyzed stereoselective -glycosylation under ambient conditions, yielding diverse -aryl glycosides with exclusive α-stereoselectivity and compatibility with hydroxyl, amide, and amine groups. This method enables functionalization to produce unprotected -pyranosides, 2,3-dideoxy and 2,3-epoxy sugars, and late-stage -glycosylation of natural products and drugs.

Longitudinal Association of Conversion Patterns of Functional Disability With Risk of Depressive Symptoms in Older Chinese Adults.

Background: Functional disability has been identified as a risk factor for depressive symptoms (DS). However, most studies have measured functional disability at only one time point, and functional disability is dynamic and changeable over the life course, and can vary between individuals. Therefore, we aimed to examine the longitudinal association between conversion patterns of functional disability and the risk of DS.

Nucleophile-Controlled Regiodivergent Domino Reactions of Enetriones with γ-Bromocrotonates: Access to 1,3-Dienic Esters and Tetrasubstituted Pyrans.

Herein, we developed an efficient nucleophile-controlled regiodivergent domino reaction between enetriones and γ-bromocrotonates. This method allowed for the rapid synthesis of a range of 1,3-dienic esters and tetrasubstituted pyrans under metal-free conditions. In the presence of pyridine, a S2 substitution/Michael addition/elimination sequence formed 1,3-dienic esters in satisfactory yields with high -stereoselectivities.

Acetylation of Hsc70 at K512 inhibits goat ovarian granulosa cell senescence by restoring chaperone-mediated autophagy.

Nonhistone acetylation plays a crucial role in key cellular processes associated with ageing, such as autophagy. Heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), a vital chaperone protein for chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), exerts a molecular chaperone function that is regulated by its acetylation status. However, the effects of this acetylation on CMA and granulosa cell senescence remain unclear.

One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of -Glycosyl Amino Acids with Vicinal Stereocenters.

A palladium-catalyzed cascade coupling between glycals and racemic α-nitroesters enables the stereoselective construction of -glycosyl amino acids bearing two contiguous stereocenters, achieving dual stereocontrol (exclusive β-C1, up to 10:1 diastereomeric ratio at C7). This one-pot protocol at room temperature accommodates diverse substrates (25 examples). Mechanistic studies demonstrate that decarboxylation-induced C4-oxyanion directs 1,4- selectivity, while steric modulation governs C7 stereochemistry.

Research on correlations of miR-374a-5p expression with progression and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a frequently occurring malignant tumor affecting male reproductive system. miR-374a-5p was identified to participate in regulation of several tumors. The aim of the research was to discuss the influence for miR-374a-5p upon PCa progression and prognosis.

A novel prognostic scoring model based on cuproptosis identifies COMMD1 as a novel therapy target for liver hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Primary liver cancer poses a significant global health burden, with projections indicating a surpassing of one million cases by 2025. Cuproptosis, a copper-dependent mechanism of cell death, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for HCC based on cuproptosis-related genes, utilizing clinical data and gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.

Superior effectiveness and acceptability of saliva samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in China.

In response to problems of poor sampling quality, low sensitivity, and high demand for medical personnel regarding the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) oropharyngeal (OP) swab sampling used in China, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and acceptability of saliva-based nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) in China. The results showed that, using nasopharyngeal (NP) swab results as the gold standard, the overall sensitivities for saliva specimens and OP swabs were 93.3 % and 85.

Overview of Glycometabolism of Lactic Acid Bacteria During Freeze-Drying: Changes, Influencing Factors, and Application Strategies.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a vital role in food fermentation and probiotics microeconomics. Freeze-drying (FD) is a commonly used method for preserving LAB powder to extend its shelf life. However, FD induces thermal, osmotic, and mechanical stresses that can impact the glycometabolism of LAB, which is the process of converting carbohydrates into energy.