Rationale, Design and Participants Baseline Characteristics of a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Replacing SSBs with NSBs versus Water on Glucose Tolerance, Gut Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Risk in Overweight or Obese Adult SSB Consumer: Strategies to Oppose SUGARS with Non-Nutritive Sweeteners or Water (STOP Sugars NOW) Trial and Ectopic Fat Sub-Study.

Background: Health authorities are near universal in their recommendation to replace sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with water. Non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NSBs) are not as widely recommended as a replacement strategy due to a lack of established benefits and concerns they may induce glucose intolerance through changes in the gut microbiome. The STOP Sugars NOW trial aims to assess the effect of the substitution of NSBs (the "intended substitution") versus water (the "standard of care substitution") for SSBs on glucose tolerance and microbiota diversity.

Effects of fermented soybean meal supplementation on the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility by modulating the gut microbiome of weaned piglets.

This study investigates the effects of soybean meal fermented by Enterococcus faecium as a replacement for soybean meal on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, blood profile and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. Eighty piglets (weaned at 21 days) [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with average body weight of 6.52 ± 0.

Three-stage fermentation of the feed and the application on weaned piglets.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that soybean meal (SBM) contains high levels of anti-nutritional factors, which interrupt gastrointestinal homeostasis or metabolism normally of the weaned piglets. Here, the mixed probiotics, including (, CGMCC 8147), H11 ( H11) and (, CGMCC 8149) were applied to the three-stage fermentation of functional feed. Our research investigated the optimum ratio of inoculation, optimal time of inoculation, combination of substrates, and nutritional value of the fermented feed.

Analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of carbon emission efficiency of pig farming and the influencing factors in China.

Pig farming has been a crucial contribution to China's food security although intestinal fermentation and its excrement during pig breeding are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we measured the carbon emission efficiency of pig farming in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2010 to 2020 by using the non-expected output Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model and analyzed the spatial characteristics of the carbon emission efficiency of pig farming in China. We also examined and analyzed the factors influencing the carbon emission efficiency of pig farming by using the limited dependent variable model (Tobit).

Nutritional Values of Industrial Hemp Byproducts for Dairy Cattle.

The objective of this experiment was to explore the nutritional components of industrial hemp byproducts (industrial hemp ethanol extraction byproduct, IHEEB; industrial hemp stalk, IHS; industrial hemp seed meal, IHSM; industrial hemp oil filter residue, IHOFR) and provide theoretical support for the application of industrial hemp byproducts in dairy cattle production. This experiment used a combination of a wet chemical method with Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System, nylon bag technique, and three-step method to compare the chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein composition, ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of industrial hemp byproducts and conventional feeds (alfalfa hay, AH; soybean meal, SBM). Available energy values were estimated based on the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Evaluating the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Agricultural Eco-Efficiency Alongside China's Carbon Neutrality Targets.

Agriculture has the dual effect of contributing to both carbon emissions and sequestration, and thus plays a critical role in mitigating global climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. Agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) is an important measurement through which we can assess the efforts toward reduced emissions and increased sequestration. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between China's target of carbon neutrality and AEE through an evaluative model, so as to improve AEE and ultimately achieve sustainable agricultural development.

MRI Assessment of the Relationship Between Cortical Morphological Features and Hemiparetic Motor-Related Outcomes in Chronic Subcortical Stroke Patients.

Background: It is unclear which cortical regions are specific to or commonly associated with the impairments of the upper/lower limbs and the activities of daily life (ADL) in stroke patients.

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between MRI-assessed surface-based morphometry (SBM) features and motor function as well as ADL in participants with chronic stroke.

Study Type: Prospective.

India's achievement towards sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all) in the 2030 Agenda.

Background: Clean water and sanitation are global public health issues. Safe drinking water and sanitation are essential, especially for children, to prevent acute and chronic illness death and sustain a healthy life. The UN General Assembly announced the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets for the 2030 Agenda on 25 September 2015.

Transwell-Hypoxia Method Facilitates the Outgrowth of 3D-Printed Collagen Scaffolds Loaded with Cryopreserved Patient-Derived Melanoma Explants.

A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated the effects of three-dimensional (3D)-printed collagen scaffolds on the maintenance of cryopreserved patient-derived melanoma explants (PDMEs). However, it remains unknown whether 3D-printed collagen scaffolds (3D-PCSs) can be harmonized with any external culture conditions to increase the growth of cryopreserved PDMEs. In this study, 3D-PCSs were manufactured with a 3DX bioprinter.

Fermented soybean meal modified the rumen microbiome to enhance the yield of milk components in Holstein cows.

The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen microbiota as well as the milk composition and milk component yields of Holstein cows supplemented with fermented soybean meal (FSBM). Eighteen Holstein cows in their 2nd parity with 54.38 ± 11.

Water exchange detected by shutter speed dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI help distinguish solitary brain metastasis from glioblastoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of transmembrane water exchange parameters detected by brain shutter speed (BSS) dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)MRI, which is validated to be associated with aquaporin-4 expression, in distinguishing glioblastoma (GBM) from solitary brain metastasis (SBM).

Methods: 40 patients (mean age: 58.6 ± 11.

Evolution and Driving Factors of the Spatiotemporal Pattern of Tourism Efficiency at the Provincial Level in China Based on SBM-DEA Model.

In order to give guidance to improve tourism competitiveness and sustainable development, it is particularly important to identify and analyze the factors and mechanisms that affect efficiency. The SBM-DEA model including undesirable outputs was used to measure the tourism efficiency of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019. Combined with the compound DEA model, the sensitivity of each province to the fluctuation of the input-output index was mined.

Consumption of Wheat Peptides Improves Functional Constipation: A Translational Study in Humans and Mice.

Scope: Wheat peptides (WP) are rich in glutamic acid, glutamine, and other bioactive compounds that may benefit gut function and health. This study aims to evaluate the effects of regular consumption of WP on constipation-induced complications and gut microbiota in humans and mice.

Methods And Results: A randomized trial of 49 functional constipation participants is conducted.

Metabolomics Analysis Across Multiple Biofluids Reveals the Metabolic Responses of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows to Fermented Soybean Meal Replacement.

This experiment was performed to reveal the metabolic responses of dairy cows to the replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM). Twenty-four lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cattle were assigned to either the SBM group [the basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet containing 5.77% SBM] or the FSBM group (the experimental TMR diet containing 5.

Growth Targets Management, Regional Competition and Urban Land Green Use Efficiency According to Evidence from China.

Based on the panel data of 257 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2017, this paper measured urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE), incorporating undesirable outputs, via the super efficiency slack-based model (SBM). It also explored the effect, mechanism, and heterogeneity of growth targets management and regional competition on ULGUE via the time-varying gravitational spatial weight matrix and the spatial self-lagging model. The results show that growth targets management and regional competition have significant positive effects on ULGUE, and enhance the ULGUE by promoting local investment attraction, increasing innovation inputs, optimizing environmental regulations and strengthening commercial activities.

Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of green economic efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

In the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), the green economy is an essential to sustainable economic development. In this study, we calculated a comprehensive index of environmental pollution based on the global entropy weight method and used the super slacks-based measure (SBM) model to estimate the green economic efficiency (GEE) of provinces and cities in the YREB from 2005 to 2018. Subsequently, we explored temporal and spatial evolution characteristics combined with the Theil and Moran indexes, and adopted the spatial Dubin model to analyze its influencing factors.

Ecological efficiency evaluation and driving factor analysis of the coupling coordination of the logistics industry and manufacturing industry.

The coupling coordination of the logistics industry and manufacturing industry is conducive to the sustainable development of logistics and manufacturing and the stability of sustainable supply chain. The logistics and manufacturing industries are not only the basic industries that support social development, but also the industries with high carbon emissions. This paper constructs the measurement system of coupling coordinating ecological efficiency of two industries based on carbon emission constraints and finds out the driving factors affecting ecological efficiency, which is of great significance to the low-carbon coordinated development of the two industries in the future.

Recent advances in engineering iron oxide nanoparticles for effective magnetic resonance imaging.

Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) with unique magnetic property and high biocompatibility have been widely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (CA) for long time. However, a review which comprehensively summarizes the recent development of IONP as traditional CA and its new application for different modality of MRI, such as imaging, simultaneous / or MRI/other imaging modality, and as environment responsive CA is rare. This review starts with an investigation of direction on the development of high-performance MRI CA in both and modal based on quantum mechanical outer sphere and Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan (SBM) theory.

PRR-Mediated Immune Response and Intestinal Flora Profile in Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis of Pearl Gentian Groupers, ♀ × ♂.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize microbial-specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns, initiate signal cascade transduction, activate the expressions of host immunity and proinflammatory genes, and, ultimately, trigger an immune response against identified pathogens. The present study focused on two outcomes of feeding pearl gentian groupers with high levels of soybean meal (SBM): (1) growth performance and (2) the intestinal environment, including tissue structure, flora profile, and immune responses. Some 720 groupers were randomly divided into three groups ( = 4): (1) controls, fed a 50% fish meal feed (FM), (2) with 20% of the FM substituted with SBM (SBM20), and (3) 40% of the FM substituted with SBM (SBM40).

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of MXene@antimony nanoneedle composites for toxic pollutants removal.

A new 2D transition metal carbides family noted that MXene with antimony (Sb) nano-needles composites have demonstrated potential applications for photocatalytic dye degradations applications. Single-step synthesis of novel structures two/one-dimensional MXene@antimony nanoneedle (MX@Sb-H) nanocomposite-based photocatalysts is produced employing hydrothermal technique. The preparations and characterizations were compared with hand mixture preparations of pure TiO@Sb and MXene (MX@Sb-M).

Decision fusion in healthcare and medicine: a narrative review.

Objective: To provide an overview of the decision fusion (DF) technique and describe the applications of the technique in healthcare and medicine at prevention, diagnosis, treatment and administrative levels.

Background: The rapid development of technology over the past 20 years has led to an explosion in data growth in various industries, like healthcare. Big data analysis within the healthcare systems is essential for arriving to a value-based decision over a period of time.

Effects of different protein sources on nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota in dual-flow continuous culture system.

Scarce high-quality protein feed resources has limited the development of animal husbandry. In this study, we used a dual-flow continuous culture system to evaluate effects of difference dietary protein sources including soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and rapeseed meal (RSM), on nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, and microbiota of XiongDong black goats. Dietary proteins of either CSM, RSM or SBM had no effect on nutrient disappearance (P > 0.

Multiomics analysis of soybean meal induced marine fish enteritis in juvenile pearl gentian grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂.

As an important protein source, soybean products can cause intestinal inflammation and injury in many animals including human beings, particularly infants and juvenile individuals. Research in this field has been performed for terrestrial animals and fish, but still lacks integrity and systematicness. In this study, the main biological processes in the intestinal tract of marine fish juvenile pearl gentian grouper in the state of soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE) were analyzed.