A dual-target pectin-like polysaccharide LRP01B from Lamiophlomis rotata induces pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by causing mitochondrial dysfunction.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant cancer with limited treatment options. Recent pharmacological studies suggested that Lamiophlomis rotata might contain components with antitumor activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of polysaccharides as active components in Lamiophlomis rotata.

Combined Biologics and Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Promote Early Transmural Healing and Improve Long-Term Outcomes in Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Transmural healing (TH), a comprehensive therapeutic target in Crohn's disease (CD), is associated with reduced long-term complications. However, evidence on the role of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in TH remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biologics combined with 16-week EEN in achieving early TH and improving clinical outcomes.

Post-marketing safety concerns with dolutegravir: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database.

Background And Aims: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) based on dolutegravir (DTG) has emerged as a critical component in the treatment of HIV infection and is widely utilized in clinical practice. However, the existing post-marketing pharmacovigilance studies on DTG are incomplete; therefore, this study aims to comprehensively analyze the adverse events (AEs) related to DTG by utilizing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: This study includes adverse event reports from the fourth quarter of 2013 to the fourth quarter of 2024 in the FAERS database.

Dual-colorimetric amplification biosensor based on GNPs and G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme for multiplexed microRNAs.

The abnormal expression of microRNA (miRNA) is closely related to the occurrence and progression of diverse cancers. Accurate diagnosis of early-stage cancers via low-cost Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) remains highly desirable but challenging. Herein, a dual-colorimetric amplification biosensor has been developed for the simultaneous detection of two tumor-associated miRNAs.

Global trends and modifiable risk factors for atopic dermatitis incidence: Insights from GBD 2021.

Background: Global patterns in atopic dermatitis (AD) incidence and their associations with modifiable risk factors remain unclear.

Objective: We sought to analyze global trends in AD incidence and identify associated socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to its global disparities and epidemics.

Methods: Data on AD in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.

Efficacy and Safety of Extending Dosing Interval of Stapokibart in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.

Stapokibart is a novel anti-interleukin-4 receptor α subunit monoclonal antibody approved for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. To evaluate the feasibility of extending dosing interval of stapokibart based on efficacy response in AD. In this ongoing, multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial (NCT06116565), stapokibart 300 mg was administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks (Q2W) for 12 weeks, followed by dosing interval adjustments at weeks 12 and 36.

Artificial intelligence and anti-cancer drugs' response.

Drug resistance is one of the key factors affecting the effectiveness of cancer treatment methods, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Its occurrence is related to factors such as mRNA expression and methylation within cancer cells. If drug resistance in patients can be accurately identified early, doctors can devise more effective treatment plans, which is of great significance for improving patients' survival rates and quality of life.

Long-term efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring-guided optimization of ustekinumab maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease patients.

Long-term remission in Crohn's disease (CD) remains challenging. While ustekinumab effectively induces remission, strategies to enhance its maintenance efficacy are urgently needed. This study evaluated therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-guided ustekinumab optimization for sustained CD management.

The interaction between COX-2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.

Objective: By establishing a mouse model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), to investigate the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on HIRI and their interaction in HIRI.

Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four groups: Sham operation group (Sham group), hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) group, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion + Salubrinal (ER stress inhibitor) pretreatment group (HIR + Sal group), hepatic ischemia-reperfusion + NS398 (inhibitor of COX-2) pretreatment group (HIR + NS398 group). The levels of Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum, the activity of Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue were detected.

Eupatilin attenuates vemurafenib resistance through inhibition of ABCB1 in melanoma.

Background: The clinical efficacy of vemurafenib in melanoma patients has been hindered by the development of acquired resistance.

Objectives: To comprehend the molecular signaling pathways underlying this resistance and identify potential strategies to overcome it.

Methods: We first constructed the vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cell lines A375R and identified ABCB1 as a potential driver through RNA sequence.

Preclinical and phase I randomized study of a potent inhalable nanobody targeting TSLP for the treatment of airway inflammation.

Background: TSLP, a cytokine derived from epithelial cells at barrier surfaces, has been extensively studied as a pivotal regulator of type 2 and non-type-2 immune responses, implicated in inflammatory airway diseases. Although mAb therapy targeting TSLP has shown significant therapeutic effects, there is still no approved TSLP-targeting inhaled formulation.

Objectives: Leveraging the distinct advantages of nanobodies (Nbs) in maintaining efficacy during storage and administration, our objective is to develop a novel inhalable TSLP Nb for effectively treating airway inflammation.

First-in-human PET imaging and evaluation of melanin-targeted [F]DMPY2 in malignant melanoma patients.

Early diagnosis and accurate malignant melanoma (MM) staging are significant and decisive in clinical practice. [F]DMPY2 is a promising PET tracer with high affinity and selectivity for melanin. The study aims to investigate the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry in healthy volunteers, and the potential clinical application of [F]DMPY2 in MM patients.

Label-Free 3D Photoacoustic Imaging of Tumor Organoids for Volumetric Drug Screening.

As one of the most advanced in vitro drug screening platforms, tumor organoids require accurate pharmacosensitivity assessments to ensure reliable results. However, achieving accurate volume assessment of these 3D organoid models remains a challenge in traditional drug screening processes. Here, a label-free organoids photoacoustic imaging (LFOPI) system is introduced for high-resolution 3D imaging of tumor organoids.

Catalytic α-Site-Selective Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange of Benzylic Alcohols by Palladium Single-Atom Catalyst.

Catalytic hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDE) has emerged as a valuable tool for achieving site-selective deuteration and the precision labeling of bioactive molecules. Incorporation of deuterium at metabolically labile positions, enabled by such methods, can potentially improve drug efficacy through the kinetic isotope effect. However, achieving precise, site-selective incorporation of deuterium at specific molecular positions remains challenging.

Impact of arm position on low dose dual-source CT one-step aortic and cerebral-carotid artery angiography image quality and radiation dose.

Background: Although one-stop cerebral carotid aortic CTA is useful for diagnosing and treating type A aortic dissection, the radiation dose is increased due to the wider scanning range. The impact of varying arm positions on radiation dose and image quality is unknown when optimizing the scan protocol. This study aims to determine the best scanning protocol to minimize radiation dose while maintaining image quality, as well as how arm position impacts radiation dose and image quality of low dose one-stop cerebral carotid aortic CTA.

Comparative efficacy of gelatin sponge, microcoils, and nbca in arterial gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective study.

Background: Arterial gastrointestinal bleeding poses a serious threat to life that requires timely and effective intervention. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three different embolization strategies: the use of gelatin sponge alone, in combination with microcoils, and in combination with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).

Methods: This retrospective study included 68 patients with acute arterial gastrointestinal bleeding (Forrest F1), categorized into three embolization groups: gelatin sponge alone (n = 23), gelatin sponge + microcoils (*n* = 23), and gelatin sponge + NBCA (n = 22).

Visual-language foundation models in medical imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic and analytical applications.

Background And Objective: Visual-language foundation models (VLMs) have garnered attention for their numerous advantages and significant potential in AI-aided diagnosis and treatment, driving widespread applications in medical tasks. This study analyzes and summarizes the value and prospects of VLMs, highlighting their groundbreaking opportunities in healthcare.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024575746), included studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE from inception to December 31, 2024.

Effects of the Glycosylation of the HA Protein of H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus on the Pathogenicity in Mice and Antigenicity.

As the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) evolves naturally, mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein still occur, which involves some sites with glycosylations. It is widely established that glycosylation of the H9N2 AIV HA protein has a major impact on the antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus. However, the biological implications of a particular glycosylation modification site (GMS) have not been well investigated.

Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy Improves Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Related Diarrhea in Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Background & Aims: Previous results showed that combined treatment of biologics and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) brought moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease patients significant improvements in clinical and endoscopic outcomes. Despite its essential role and favorable safety profile, EEN in the treatment of adult Crohn's disease is frequently underestimated because of lower compliance and several side effects, including EEN-related diarrhea (EEND).

Methods: In this prospective, single-center randomized clinical trial, 147 eligible patients with actively moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease treated with biologics and concomitant 16-week EEN were included.

Using Regular Porous Membrane-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Model to Screen Brain-Targeted Drugs with Nanochannel Electrochemistry.

Constructing in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model provides an innovative approach for studying the pathophysiology of the brain and screening drugs. Although commercial Transwell was the simplest and most widely utilized in vitro model, reasonably mimicking essential characteristics of human BBB and dynamic monitoring BBB function remain a challenge. Herein, inspired by the highly permeable extracellular matrix membrane in human BBB, a novel in vitro BBB model was established by combining functionalized anodic alumina oxide (AAO) membrane with nanochannel electrochemistry (ANE-BBB).

Trends in Stomach Cancer Burden in China: A Joinpoint and APC Analysis Based on GBD 2021.

Background And Aim: To study the corresponding strategies to control stomach cancer, a comprehensive assessment of the disease burden is required. Herein, we present long-term trends in the burden of stomach cancer in China over the past three decades, as well as its epidemiological features.

Methods: We characterized the burden of stomach cancer in China using the GBD 2021 methods and results, based on prevalence, incidence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) estimated using the DisMod-MR 2-1.