Kinetic Mechanism and Structural Design of Thick Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Optimization Strategies.

Thick electrode is a critical strategy to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries(LiBs) by maximizing the active material loading. However, their practical application is obstructed by kinetic limitations, including low charge transfer efficiency and poor mechanical stability, which severely decrease rate capability, cycling performance, and safety. This review focuses on an intensive analysis of the problems with thick electrodes in terms of ion transfer kinetics, electron transfer discontinuities, and poor mechanical stability.

A Guiding Principle for Quantum State Discrimination in the Real-Spectrum Phase of -Pseudo-Hermitian Systems.

Quantum state discrimination (QSD) is a fundamental task in quantum information processing, improving the computation efficiency and communication security. Non-Hermitian (NH) PT-symmetric systems were found to be able to discriminate two quantum states better than the Hermitian strategy. In this work, we propose a QSD approach based on -pseudo-Hermitian systems with real spectra.

Targeting the self-amplifying loop between ATF6 and SNAI1 to inhibit epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in fibrotic lesions.

The epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT) decisively contributes to human diseases such as organ fibrosis and tumors. However, the molecular mechanism triggering EMT remains unclear. We elucidated a novel self-amplifying feedback loop involving activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) and assessed its significant role in unfolded protein response (UPR)-dependent EMT.

Injectable protein hydrogel microspheres with reactive oxygen species-responsive nitric oxide release for cardiac protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Nitric oxide (NO) can alleviate cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic effects. However, local NO availability is limited due to its short half-life, reduced production, and consumption by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in injured myocardium. Here, we designed an injectable hydrogel microsphere system (WPI-H-N) based on acrylated whey protein (WPI), onto which phenylborate ester group was attached and served as a ROS-cleavable linker for 5-isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), a NO donor.

Early prediction of sepsis-induced cardiorenal syndrome: superiority of myoglobin over troponin I.

Backgrounds: This study aimed to perform risk stratification for sepsis-induced cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and develop an early prediction model enabling the timely identification of high-risk patients within the first 24 h of admission.

Methods: This study retrospectively extracted septic patient data from the Shanghai Tongji Hospital between 2015 and 2020, with CRS occurrence set as the outcome measure. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression followed by multivariable logistic regression was applied to screen the candidate variables and develop the prediction model.

Novel Dual and Triple Agonists Targeting GLP-1, GIP, Glucagon, and GDF15 for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Management.

The rising global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity underscores a critical public health challenge, with obesity serving as a primary contributor to insulin resistance. Current treatment modalities, including SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, have shown efficacy in glycemic control and weight management but remain insufficient for all patients. This review focuses on novel dual and triple agonists targeting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) due to their emerging clinical importance and recent preclinical progress.

The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality.

The impact of seasonality on the aroma quality of tea has been documented in various tea types, but not specifically in oolong tea. This study is the first to explore the complex relationships between seasonality, volatile compounds, and aroma quality in oolong tea. Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics, we analyzed 266 samples of Tieguanyin oolong tea.

ChatRadio-Valuer: A Chat Large Language Model for Generalizable Radiology Impression Generation on Multi-institution and Multi-system Data.

Achieving clinical level performance and widespread deployment for generating radiology impressions encounters a giant challenge for conventional artificial intelligence models tailored to specific diseases and organs. Concurrent with the increasing accessibility of radiology reports and advancements in modern general AI techniques, the emergence and potential of deployable radiology AI exploration have been bolstered. Here, we present ChatRadio-Valuer, the first general radiology diagnosis large language model for localized deployment within hospitals and being close to clinical use for multi-institution and multi-system diseases.

Prevalence and correlates of anemia following roux-en-y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of anemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception through 18 January 2025, utilizing search terms including anemia, anaemia, hemoglobin, haemoglobin, Hb, gastric bypass, and RYGB. Eligible studies reported anemia prevalence post-RYGB with data on either follow-up duration or Roux limb length.

Immunological synapse: structures, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in disease.

The immunological synapse (IS) serves as the fundamental architectural framework for direct interactions and secretory crosstalk between immune cells, as well as between immune cells and other cells. Its dysregulation is thought to be a key underlying cause of immune evasion or inflammation observed in various diseases, including tumors and infections. Numerous recent studies have addressed key signaling mechanisms and reported novel targets related to IS, further broadening our understanding of its function and regulatory factors.

Development of Hydrogen Sulfide-Donating Silybin Derivatives with a Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus-Alleviating Effect through Improving Intestinal L-Cell Functions.

GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that maintains glucose homeostasis. Given the reduced plasma HS levels observed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the stimulatory effect of HS donors on GLP-1 secretion small-molecule gasotransmitter drugs based on HS donors have emerged as an alternative strategy for treating T2DM via increasing GLP-1 levels. In this context, HS donating silybin derivative was discovered.

Integrated Omics and Multi-Cohort Analyses Identify an Enhancer Variant Linking Ferroptosis to Precision Therapy in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide and exhibits significant genetic heritability. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis combining chromatin accessibility profiling, transcriptomics, and two-stage case-control studies, alongside an unbiased phenome-wide exploration in the FinnGen cohort. This comprehensive approach identified the enhancer-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7077830 at chromosome 10q11 as a critical modulator of prostate cancer susceptibility.

[F]SynVesT-1 PET Detects SV2A Changes in the Spinal Cord and Brain of Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurologic condition lacking effective prognostic and treatment methods. PET imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) has been used in measuring synapse changes. We explore the feasibility of using [F]SynVesT-1 PET to detect the synaptic changes in a rat model of SCI.

Unexpected Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interaction between Tacrolimus and Metronidazole in the Early Period after Renal Transplantation: A Literature Review.

Introduction: Drug interactions necessitate careful consideration in clinical practice. It is imperative for clinicians and pharmacists to monitor drug exposure and the co-administration of medications promptly in order to avert adverse outcomes and achieve optimal efficacy.

Objectives: The prevalence of oral lesions varies from 28% to 60% in the short term after renal transplantation.

Impact of breast size on dosimetry and radiobiology of VMAT left-sided breast-conserving conventional fractionation radiotherapy under setup errors.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of setup errors on the dosimetry and radiobiology of left-sided breast cancer (BC) patients with different breast sizes undergoing conventionally fractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) radiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 36 BC patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery were enrolled in the study. Setup errors were simulated through isocenter shifts in six directions.

Cu/Ir Relay Catalysis for Regio- and Enantioselective Alkene Borylation/Allylic Alkylation.

Construction of consecutive stereogenic centers with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities is a challenging task in organic synthesis. Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions with prochiral nucleophiles have evolved as an important method toward this goal. Herein, we report a Cu/Ir relay catalysis allowing for the utilization of alkylcopper reagents, in situ generated from Cu-mediated borylative difunctionalization of styrenes with Bpin, as nucleophiles compatible with π-allyl-Ir electrophiles derived from linear allyl carbonates.

Insulator Partial Discharge Localization Based on Improved Wavelet Packet Threshold Denoising and Gxx-β Generalized Cross-Correlation Algorithm.

Partial discharge (PD) in insulators will not only lead to the gradual degradation of insulation performance but even cause power system failure in serious cases. Because there is strong noise interference in the field, it is difficult to accurately locate the position of the PD source. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-dimensional spatial localization method of the PD source with a four-element ultra-high-frequency (UHF) array based on improved wavelet packet dynamic threshold denoising and the Gxx-β generalized cross-correlation algorithm.

Potential use of serum microvesicle indicators to distinguish different types of drug-induced liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may occur after the combination therapy of multiple drugs, which makes it difficult to identify the causative drug for liver injury in epidemiological research and clinical practice. Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to cause liver injury when combined with antibiotics. However, diagnosing SB-drug induced liver injury (SB-DILI) and its distinction from antibiotic-induced DILI (AILI) is one of the significant challenges in modern clinical practice.

Dual-branch attention fusion network for pneumonia detection.

Pneumonia is a severe respiratory disease caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among high-risk populations such as infants, young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. In this study, we propose a novel Dual-Branch Attention Fusion Network (D-BAFN) based on transfer learning to enhance the accuracy of pneumonia classification in chest x-ray images.

Prognostic impact of systemic inflammation indicators on all-cause and CVD mortality in adults with MASLD.

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the onset of MASLD, progression to MASH, and is associated with poor prognosis of MASLD. The aim of this study was to thoroughly investigate the association of different systemic inflammatory indicators with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality outcome in MASLD.

Methods: Data were from the NHANES cohort.

Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: Metabolism, Signaling, and Oxidative Modifications.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as crucial signaling molecules that facilitate the interactions between plants and environmental stimuli, thereby influencing a wide range of physiological and biochemical processes, such as vegetative apex development and organ morphogenesis. In response to environmental stresses, plants enhance ROS production to initiate a robust protective response. To manage excessive ROS levels, plants have developed a sophisticated antioxidative defense system comprising both enzymatic and non-enzymatic components, which work synergistically to scavenge ROS and alleviate ROS-induced deleterious effects on biomolecules.

Simultaneous Effects of C-N-V Bonds and Multiple Sulfides Anchoring Active V and Na Enables Honeycomb-Like Porous NaV(PO) with Non-Attenuation Characteristics for Na-Ion Batteries.

For NaV(PO) (NVP) cathode, the activity and utilization rate of Na and V is the key to affecting its electrochemical properties. However, few studies can simultaneously optimize both. Currently, a facile hydrothermal route is proposed to successfully synthesize the honeycomb-like porous NVP@CHSLS cathodes possessing anchoring effects to enhance the immobilization of active Na/V through in situ carbonation with chitosan and sodium lignosulfonate.

Balancing the Surface Reconstruction of Spinel Oxides for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Transition metal compounds usually suffer from dynamic surface reconstruction with the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, how to modulate the reconstruction to simultaneously achieve high activity and stability remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report a dynamic manipulation of the surface reconstruction to break the activity-stability trade-off in the spinel cobalt oxides through an introduction of an oxygen vacancy and doped metal element.

Iridium-Catalyzed -Selective Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reaction via / Kinetic Resolution.

Chiral -olefin molecules are much more challenging targets in organic synthesis due to their thermodynamically unfavorable nature compared with that of their corresponding -olefin counterparts. Particularly, the transformations toward advanced chiral -olefin products from readily available -olefin precursors are faced with huge difficulties associated with the energetic uphill process. A possible solution to this issue is taking advantage of the different kinetic behaviors between - and -olefins.