Artificial intelligence technologies for enhancing neurofunctionalities: a comprehensive review with applications in Alzheimer's disease research.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that impairs memory and cognition, presenting a growing global healthcare burden. Despite major research efforts, no cure exists, and treatments remain focused on symptom relief. This narrative review highlights recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), which enhance early diagnosis, predict disease progression, and support personalized treatment strategies.

Multiomics Insights into the Mechanism and Enhanced Efficacy of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy in Glioblastoma.

Glioma is an aggressive brain tumor that requires challenging treatments. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), an FDA-approved therapy for glioblastoma (GBM), pleural mesothelioma, and platinum-refractory metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or docetaxel), employs specific frequency electric fields to disrupt cell division and enhance treatment efficacy. However, their molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Utilizing the modified Fourier neural operator to predict the dynamics of vector optical solitons.

This paper introduces the study of operator learning into the research of the generalized coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, utilizing the modified Fourier neural operator (MFNO) to learn the nonlinear mapping from any functional parameter dependency to the solution, thereby obtaining a complete soliton solution space. The number of variable parameters in the soliton solutions used for training has been expanded from one to multiple. In terms of details, this paper studies the bright-bright one-soliton and two-soliton solutions in the Manakov model, the bright-dark one-soliton and two-soliton solutions in the mixed model, as well as rogue wave solutions and Akhmediev breather solutions in the generalized model.

Immunological synapse: structures, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in disease.

The immunological synapse (IS) serves as the fundamental architectural framework for direct interactions and secretory crosstalk between immune cells, as well as between immune cells and other cells. Its dysregulation is thought to be a key underlying cause of immune evasion or inflammation observed in various diseases, including tumors and infections. Numerous recent studies have addressed key signaling mechanisms and reported novel targets related to IS, further broadening our understanding of its function and regulatory factors.

Association between keratin 8 expression and immune-related pneumonitis: a case-control study in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Background: Immune-related pneumonitis (IRP) is a serious adverse event observed in lung adenocarcinoma patients undergoing immunotherapy. Previous studies have revealed that high Keratin 8 (KRT8) expression is associated with poor prognosis in these patients. However, the potential link between KRT8 expression levels and the risk of developing IRP remains unclear.

The role and prognostic value of PANoptosis-related genes in skin cutaneous melanoma.

Introduction: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), a malignant tumor, has PANoptosis implicated in its progression and metastasis. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to develop a prognostic model for SKCM based on PANoptosis.

Enhanced Breakdown and Energy Storage Performance of Capacitor Films via Heterogeneous Nucleation and High-Temperature Annealing.

Currently, thin-film capacitors are widely used in consumer electronics, renewable energy systems, and power electronics owing to their excellent electrical properties. However, with increasing requirements for high integration and high energy storage densities, thin-film dielectricsthe core component of thin-film capacitorsare facing increasingly stringent requirements. The low dielectric constant and insufficient breakdown strength of polypropylene (PP) dielectrics, which account for more than 50% of the thin-film dielectric market, are their major limitations.

Nanocatalytic Therapy for Pneumonia by a Hetero-Element-Doped Carbon Nanozyme.

Pneumonia continues to be complicated by its progression to acute lung injury (ALI). The onset of ALI is linked to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a severe inflammatory response. Therefore, the rapid mitigation of ROS and inflammation is crucial in addressing ALI.

Deciphering the Metabolic Impact and Clinical Relevance of N-Glycosylation in Colorectal Cancer through Comprehensive Glycoproteomic Profiling.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is driven by complex metabolic alterations, including aberrant N-glycosylation patterns that critically influence tumor development. However, the metabolic and functional roles of N-glycosylation in CRC remain poorly understood. Herein, comprehensive proteomic and N-linked intact glycoproteomics analyses are performed on 45 CRC tumors, and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) are matched, identifying 7125 intact N-glycopeptides from 704 glycoproteins.

CUL4B regulates thyroid cancer differentiation and treatment sensitivity by ubiquitinating ARID1A.

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a prevalent endocrine malignancy with a generally favorable prognosis. However, dedifferentiation of TC poses a significant challenge, resulting in poorer patient outcomes and necessitating urgent attention. Cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein involved in proteolysis and epigenetic regulation, has been reported to play an oncogenic role in many human malignancies, though its involvement in TC remains unclear.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with MET alteration.

Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor () gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients. These alterations include exon 14 skipping mutations ( exon 14 skipping), gene amplifications, point mutations (primarily kinase domain mutations), and MET protein overexpression.

Anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody synergizes with radiotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity and mitigate radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in multiple malignant tumors, a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive to treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) elicits immunogenic antitumor responses but concurrently activates several immune evasion mechanisms. Our earlier research demonstrated the efficacy of YM101, an anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody, in stroma-rich tumors.

HDAC2-Mediated METTL3 Delactylation Promotes DNA Damage Repair and Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

The current treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still primarily based on platinum-based chemotherapy. However, TNBC cells frequently develop resistance to platinum and experience relapse after drug withdrawal. It is crucial to specifically target and eliminate cisplatin-tolerant cells after platinum administration.

Cardiovascular toxicity of tisagenlecleucel in children and adolescents: analysis of spontaneous reports submitted to FAERS.

Background: The advent of tisagenlecleucel has been a major advance in the pharmacological treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents. However, further research is required to better define its safety profile.

Objectives: To determine the cardiovascular toxicity of tisagenlecleucel in children and adolescents.

A Powerful Tumor Catalytic Therapy by an Enzyme-Nanozyme Cascade Catalysis (ENCAT) System.

Complexity of tumor and its microenvironment as obstacles often restrict traditional tumor therapies. Enzyme/nanozyme-mediated catalytic therapy has been emerged, but the efficacy of single catalytic therapy is still moderate. Inspired by the concepts of catalytic and synergetic therapy, an enzyme-nanozyme cascade catalysis (ENCAT)-enhanced tumor therapy is developed.

Highly Sensitive Flow Cytometry Biosensor with a High Signal-to-Background Ratio for FEN1 Analysis via Solid-Phase Interface-Mediated Primer Exchange Reaction Amplification.

Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a specific enzyme capable of recognizing and cleaving triplex DNA structures and releasing 5'-flap fragments. It plays a crucial role in the DNA metabolism of cells, participating in DNA replication and the repair of damaged DNA. Additionally, FEN1 is overexpressed in various tumor tissues, promoting tumor progression and drug resistance through different regulatory mechanisms.

Passive temperature sensing through chipless vanadium dioxide metasurface tags.

Passive temperature sensing systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) present an efficient, reliable, and convenient solution for temperature monitoring with extensive application prospects and market value. This paper introduces a passive, battery-free, chipless, metasurface temperature sensing tag. The key insight is that the sensing tag uses vanadium dioxide ([Formula: see text]) to solve the problems of measuring distance, large size, and high cost related to active devices.

Profile of co-occurring or secondary infections among COVID-19 patients with HBOT: a single-center retrospective study.

Introduction: This study was designed to describe the profile of co-occurring or secondary infections in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and those without.

Methodology: Out of 716 COVID-19 patients, 79 cases of co-occurring or secondary infections were included. These patients were categorized into two groups based on their usage of HBOT.

PFKP silencing suppresses tumor growth via the AXL-MET axis.

PFKP Phosphofructokinase, Platelet Type isoform), as an essential metabolic enzyme, contributes to the high glycolysis rates seen in cancers while its role in oncogenic pathways, especially from a non-metabolic aspect, is not fully understood. We found that PFKP was highly expressed in NSCLC and was related to poor patient survival. Knockdown of PFKP significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells.

Lactate metabolism and histone lactylation in the central nervous system disorders: impacts and molecular mechanisms.

Brain takes up approximately 20% of the total body oxygen and glucose consumption due to its relatively high energy demand. Glucose is one of the major sources to generate ATP, the process of which can be realized via glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathways and others. Lactate serves as a hub molecule amid these metabolic pathways, as it may function as product of glycolysis, substrate of a variety of enzymes and signal molecule.

Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and determine its efficacy and safety in reducing treatment failure events.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving patients with COVID-19 was conducted. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance covariates between the HBOT and non-HBOT groups.

Physical and chemical properties and sensory evaluation of camel meat and new camel meat jerky.

Alxa Bactrian camel meat is an organic diet that provides balanced nutrition and is easy to digest and absorb. Despite its potential, it is currently underutilized. To develop a new type of camel jerky, this study utilized a single-factor design method to optimize the formula and fermentation process parameters of Alxa Bactrian camel jerky.