Control system for soil microbes detrimental to trees using metabolites derived from algal bloom-causing microorganisms.

Algal blooms, primarily caused by cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa, disrupt aquatic ecosystems while also holding potential as a source of bioactive compounds. This study investigated microbial and metabolite changes during the occurrence and mitigation stages of algal blooms based on samples collected from Daecheong Lake in July (algal bloom season) and September (mitigation season) 2024. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, LC/MS-QTOF, and GC/MS, we identified a dynamic shift in microbial communities, with M.

Epizootic shell disease induces systemic transcriptomic shifts in , characterized by increased shell degradation and impaired energy metabolism across tissues.

Epizootic shell disease (ESD) is characterized by shell erosion, pitting, and melanization in the American lobster () and is associated with a polymicrobial infection. The disease is multifactorial, with several contributing factors such as rising water temperatures and environmental pollution, which may facilitate bacterial invasion and increase host susceptibility. In a previous study, we found that the microbiome composition of the carapace in lobsters with ESD differed from that of healthy individuals, with ESD-associated bacteria enriched in the green gland and testis.

Skin microbiome-biophysical association: a first integrative approach to classifying Korean skin types and aging groups.

Introduction: The field of human microbiome research is rapidly expanding beyond the gut and into the facial skin care industry. However, there is still no established criterion to define the objective relationship between the microbiome and clinical trials for developing personalized skin solutions that consider individual diversity.

Objectives: In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of skin measurements, clinical Baumann skin type indicator (BSTI) surveys, and the skin microbiome of 950 Korean subjects to examine the ideal skin microbiome-biophysical associations.

The effects of candidate probiotic strains on the gut environment in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, with limited treatment options and significant challenges in long-term management. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of novel strains belonging to Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus species, in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. In this study, our primary objective was to determine whether ingestion of these strains alleviates colitis symptoms and, if so, to elucidate how they restored gut microbial balance and modulated microbial metabolic functions.

Comparative Analysis of Bacteriome in Hair Follicle Layers of Patients with Female Pattern Androgenic Alopecia.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of patterned hair loss, exhibiting gender-specific clinical features. Recent studies highlight the importance of the skin microbiome in maintaining skin health, but the relationship between the hair follicle microbiome and hair loss, particularly AGA, remains understudied. Hair follicle layer samples were collected directly from the crown region of female pattern hair loss (FPHL), male pattern hair loss (MPHL), and healthy adult women (control) groups.

In silico screening of epitopes as potential vaccine candidates against pathogenic Acinetobacter baumannii.

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) poses a pressing threat to global healthcare settings, as most antibiotics are ineffective against this nosocomial pathogen. Vaccines, particularly peptide-based vaccines, offer a promising and effective strategy to deal with these infections.

Integrating miRNAs with QTL for identification of milk and reproduction related traits in dairy cattle.

Background: Dairy cattle are economically important animal resources contributing to human health and well-being by providing nutritious milk and other products. Non-coding RNAs are involved in biological processes, regulating gene expressions at the levels of messenger. However, the effects on miRNA expression and their function in dairy cattle are still unclear.

Shh agonist enhances maturation in homotypic Lgr5-positive inner ear organoids.

The regeneration of functional hair cells (HCs) remains a critical challenge in addressing sensorineural hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and functional mechanisms driving stereocilia maturation within inner ear organoids (IEO) derived from homogenic Lgr5-positive progenitor cells (LPCs) and to compare outcomes with traditional heterotypic cultures. Mouse cochlear LPCs were isolated via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to establish homotypic cultures, ensuring purity and eliminating the heterotypic influences present in traditional manual isolation (MI) methods.

Genetic insights for enhancing conservation strategies in captive and wild Asian elephants through improved non-invasive DNA-based individual identification.

Asian elephant is a key umbrella species that plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. As an iconic symbol of Thailand, it also significantly contributes to the nation's tourism industry. However, human activities pose serious threats to their long-term survival and population health.

Comparison of unique Dong Tao chickens from Vietnam and Thailand: genetic background and differences for resource management.

Background: Rare Dong Tao (DT) chickens are a unique and highly productive poultry breed introduced from Vietnam to Thailand ~ 30 years ago. It has a very peculiar appearance, including enormously enlarged feet with reddish scales, and considered local and culturally significant to both countries. Their adaptability and distinct genetic traits have attracted global interest, underscoring their potential for breeding programs and a need for their thorough genetic makeup assessment.

Backtracking identification techniques for predicting unclear bacterial taxonomy at species level: molecular diagnosis-based bacterial classification.

Bacterial 16S rRNA genes are widely used to classify bacterial communities within interesting environments (e.g., plants, water, human body) because they contain nine hyper-variable regions (V1-V9) reflecting a large number of sequence variation sites between species.

Alpha-defensins increase NTHi binding but not engulfment by the macrophages enhancing airway inflammation in Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Neutrophilic inflammation and a high level of free α-defensins are main features of chronic airway inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient (AATD) individuals. Despite the antimicrobial activities of α-defensins by direct bacterial killing and by modulation of immune responses, AATD individuals are paradoxically burdened by recurrent exacerbation triggered by bacterial infections, frequently with nontypeable (NTHi). Previous studies demonstrated that high, rather than low α-defensin level could modulate the local pro-inflammatory milieu of bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages promoting chronic inflammation and lower pathogen phagocytosis.

Exploring Competitive Relationship Between and Mitis Streptococci via Co-Culture-Based Molecular Diagnosis and Metabolomic Assay.

Various bacterial strains with nitrate-reducing capacity (NRC), such as , , and , are known to promote NH production, control pH in the oral cavity, and inhibit the growth of aciduric bacteria. However, experimental evidence on various estimated bacterial networks within the salivary microbiome is insufficient. This study aims to explore potential bacterial compositional competition observed within saliva samples from dental caries patients through a co-culture assay of mitis Streptococci, which is a primary colonizer in the salivary microbiome, and nitrate-reducing bacteria .

Lonafarnib Protects Against Muscle Atrophy Induced by Dexamethasone.

Background: Muscle atrophy, including glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting from treatments such as dexamethasone (DEX), results in significant reductions in muscle mass, strength and function. This study investigates the potential of lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, to counteract DEX-induced muscle atrophy by targeting key signalling pathways.

Methods: We utilized in vitro models with C2C12 myotubes treated with DEX and in vivo models with Caenorhabditis elegans and DEX-treated Sprague-Dawley rats.

Metabolome Shift in Leaves Induced by the Novel Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium, HyangYak-01.

, a traditional herb, is widely recognized for its pharmacologically active components, such as asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid. These components render it a highly sought-after ingredient in various industries, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to enhance the production and activity of these pharmacological constituents of using the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium HyangYak-01 during its cultivation.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori on sleeve gastrectomy and gastric microbiome differences in patients with obesity and diabetes.

Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) have become public health concerns worldwide. Both conditions have severe consequences and are associated with significant medical costs and productivity loss. Additionally, Helicobacter pylori infection may be a risk factor for the development of these conditions.

Shared alleles and genetic structures in different Thai domestic cat breeds: the possible influence of common racial origins.

Over hundreds of years, cats have been domesticated and selectively bred, resulting in numerous pedigreed breeds expedited by recent cat shows and breeding associations. Concerns have been raised about the limited breeding options and the genetic implications of inbreeding, indicating challenges in maintaining genetic diversity and accurate identification in purebred cats. In this study, genetic variability and structure were examined in 5 Thai domestic cat breeds using 15 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequencing.

Samae Dam chicken: a variety of the Pradu Hang Dam breed revealed from microsatellite genotyping data.

Objective: The remarkable adaptability to the environment, high growth rate, meat with good taste and aroma, and ornamental appearance of the Pradu Hang Dam (PDH) and Samae Dam (SD) chickens make them valuable for improvement of poultry production to enhance food security. However, despite their close phenotypic similarity, distinct classification of PDH and SD chickens remains controversial. Thus, this study aimed to clarify genetic origins and variation between PDH and SD chickens, genetic diversity and structures of PDH and SD chickens.

Small but Mighty: Genetic Diversity of the Thai Ridgeback Dog Population.

Originating in Thailand, the Thai Ridgeback dog is known for its unique fur ridge that grows in the opposite direction along its back. Selective breeding and a limited populations in Thailand have led to significant close inbreeding among related individuals. The current Thai Ridgeback population is assumed to have experienced a loss of genetic diversity and bottleneck events.

Exploring oral bacterial compositional network in two oral disease groups using a convergent approach of NGS-molecular diagnostics.

Background: Since most of the commonly known oral diseases are explained in link with balance of microbial community, an accurate bacterial taxonomy profiling for determining bacterial compositional network is essential. However, compared to intestinal microbiome, research data pool related to oral microbiome is small, and general 16S rRNA screening method has a taxonomy misclassification issue in confirming complex bacterial composition at the species level.

Objective: Present study aimed to explore bacterial compositional networks at the species level within saliva of 39 oral disease patients (Dental Caries group: n = 26 and Periodontitis group: n = 13) through comparison with public Korean-specific healthy oral microbiome data.