Depalmitoylation of TEAD1 facilitates lipid droplet accumulation and resistance to oxidative stress by transactivating PP2Acα.

Background: An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) triggers acute liver failure via excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modulating lipid droplet (LD) homeostasis in hepatocytes can protect against hepatic oxidative stress. However, rapid accumulation of LDs in the liver shortly after APAP administration remains unclear.

Design of a Lattice-Reinforced Shape Memory Alloy Actuator for Underwater Soft Robots.

Throughout the development of soft robots, shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators have received considerable attention due to their inherent advantages, such as high power-to-weight ratio, low driving voltage, and high response speed. This study presents a lattice-reinforced SMA actuator with improved response speed and increased deformation range. The SMA wires are used to drive the actuator to achieve bending, while the high elastic wire's elasticity is used to achieve recovery.

Salvianolic Acid A Activates Nrf2-Related Signaling Pathways to Inhibit Ferroptosis to Improve Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a serious disease that frequently occurs in the elderly and is characterized by a complex pathophysiology and a limited number of effective therapeutic agents. Salvianolic acid A (SAL-A) is a natural product derived from the rhizome of , which possesses diverse pharmacological activities. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanisms of SAL-A in inhibiting ferroptosis to improve ischemic stroke.

The effects of Shenkang suppository on kidney function and gut microbiota in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-4: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have high prevalence and mortality rates; however, current treatment options remain limited. The Shenkang suppository (SKS) is a traditional Chinese medicine used in the clinical management of CKD. Increasing evidence suggests a close relationship between the gut microbiome and CKD.

Crosstalk between macrophages and fibroblasts contributes to inflammation and damage in giant cell arteritis.

Objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis characterized by arterial wall inflammation and remodeling. Macrophages and fibroblasts are abundantly present in arteries affected by GCA, but their crosstalk in GCA pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here we investigated the interaction between macrophages and fibroblasts in GCA-affected arteries and in vitro.

Genetic algorithm-enabled quantitative characterization of planar defect using local resonance frequency and attenuation.

Driven by the applications of advanced manufacturing technologies which enable complex designs, the nondestructive evaluation of damage in complex structures is playing an increasingly important role across various industries. The local defect resonance (LDR) has demonstrated greater applicability to defects in complex thin-walled structures than traditional methods. However, existing LDR-based methods suffer from the low accuracy in the quantitative evaluation of defect owing to the difficulty in determining the defect boundary.

Preparation of water-soluble flame retardant by cottonseed meal degradation for durable homologous flame retardant of cotton fiber.

The concept of homologous flame retardant of cottonseed meal to cotton fiber is reported. According to the chemical bond characteristics of the amide bond, ester bond, and glycosidic bond in crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat of cottonseed meal, we developed a new system of HO-HPO degradation of dissolved cottonseed meal to prepare flame retardant. The study focuses on preparing water-soluble flame retardant (HO-HPO degradation Cottonseed meal, HPCm) by one-pot degradation of cottonseed meal and achieving durable flame retardancy for cotton fiber.

Effect of intraoperative music intervention on anxiety and pain control in patients undergoing kidney surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To report the first systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) for the effect of intraoperative music intervention on anxiety and pain control in patients undergoing kidney surgery.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane up to November 2024. Outcomes included visual analog score (VAS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Eriocalyxin B confers radioprotection of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induction.

Ionizing radiation induces injury in multiple organs, particularly in the hematopoietic system; however, the implementation of effective preventive measures for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) is still limited. In this study, we investigated the radioprotective effects of a natural diterpenoid, eriocalyxin B (EriB), on hematopoietic injury associated with ARS in mice exposed to total body irradiation (TBI). The results suggested that EriB effectively provides radioprotection against hematopoietic injury, as evidenced by improved survival, increased peripheral blood recovery, and accelerated regeneration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in irradiated mice.

Impact of intravertebral cleft types on percutaneous kyphoplasty outcomes in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and radiographic results of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) with or without intravertebral clefts (IVCs). Clinical data from 288 patients with OVCFs who underwent PKP surgery were retrospectively analyzed and stratified into the liquid-IVC group, gas-IVC group, and non-IVC group through magnetic resonance imaging. The baseline characteristics revealed that the liquid-IVC group included older patients and a greater proportion of male participants (P < 0.

How temperature changes affect risk attitudes: Evidence from 1,708 farming households in China.

Due to the long-term trend of climate change, farmers-who are the key decision-makers in agricultural production-are likely to adjust their risk attitudes in response to climate change shocks. Our research focuses on how farmers, as the smallest decision-making agents in agriculture, respond to these changes. This study analyzes the 2018 China Family Panel Studies data using a temperature anomalies approach and a fixed-effects model to investigate how climate change affects farmers' risk attitudes.

Clinical and radiographical analysis of percutaneous kyphoplasty with multi-point cement anchoring technique for preventing bone cement displacement in Kümmell's disease of stage I and II.

Background: The present study introduced a novel technique called percutaneous kyphoplasty with multi-point cement anchoring technique (A-PKP) to prevent bone cement displacement in patients with stage I and II Kümmell's disease (KD).

Methods: A total of 82 patients with stage I and II KD were treated with PKP in our hospital from April 2020 to October 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: A-PKP group (N=39) where the Kirschner needle was used for the multi-point cement anchoring technique, and conventional transverse process-pedicle percutaneous kyphoplasty group (T-PKP group; N=43) where the Kirschner needle was not used.

Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Rh-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Dehydroamino Acid Esters: Access to Chiral α-Amino Acid Derivatives.

Rh-(,)-JosiPhos complex-catalyzed highly enantioselective hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted dehydroamino acid esters has been achieved, furnishing the chiral β-cyclic and β-branched α-amino acid esters in high yields (92-98%) with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (>99:1 dr, up to 99% ee). This method provided an efficient strategy to nonsymmetrically chiral β-cyclic and β-branched α-amino acid esters under mild conditions.

Correlation between increased total serum IgE levels and clinical features in alopecia areata patients.

Backgrounds: Alopecia areata (AA) is primarily associated with a Type 1 (Th1) inflammatory response, but emerging evidence also suggests a potential contribution of Type 2 (Th2) immunity. However, the relationship between IgE levels and pathogenesis of AA, as well as its clinical features, remains unclear, with limited and conflicting evidence in current research. This study aims to compare the total serum IgE levels between AA patients without atopic diseases and healthy controls, and to examine the correlation of IgE levels with gender, age, disease severity, disease duration, and affection of eyebrows, eyelashes, and nails.

Unraveling the immunomodulatory role of TIM-3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: implications for targeted therapy.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers globally, and despite improvements in treatment options such as surgery and radiotherapy, its survival rate remains low. With increased research in immunotherapy, antibodies against various immune checkpoints like programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been shown to be effective against a wide range of tumors. Nonetheless, survival benefits gained by HNSCC patients remain limited.

A Nitrate Transporter OsNPF6.1 Promotes Nitric Oxide Signaling and Virus Resistance.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a vital immune molecule eliciting resistance to diverse microbial pathogens in humans and animals. However, its functional integration into plant immune networks remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we reveal that both endogenous induction and exogenous supplementation of NO significantly enhance resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV), a Bunyavirus that poses a huge threat to rice production.

An Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on Ru(bpy)@AuNPs@SWCNTs for miRNAs Detection Using a Dual Engine-Triggered DNA Walker.

The diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis remain challenging due to the limitations of diagnostic methods, which often result in delayed treatment and suboptimal outcomes. This underscores the need for innovative diagnostic strategies to enable early detection and improve therapeutic interventions. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based biosensors have emerged as a promising solution, offering advantages such as cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and high sensitivity.

Rational Design and Reaction Mechanism Study of the Photochemical Rearrangement of Fulvene Derivatives.

Photochemistry is considered one of the most efficient and reproducible techniques in organic synthesis. Recently, List and co-workers reported an efficient UV light triggered photochemical synthesis of spiro[2,4]heptadiene from fulvenes with different substituents ( 2023, 62, e202303119); however, the mechanistic details remain unclear, and the intermediates have not been characterized. To facilitate the applications of this novel photochemical reaction, we theoretically designed a series of fulvene derivatives with different parent molecular skeletons for analyzing the substitution effects, and two of the representative fulvenes were synthesized for investigating the reaction mechanisms by employing time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) experiments.

Eliminating undesired high order harmonics in guided ultrasonic waves using local anti-resonance.

A method utilizing the previously unexplored local anti-resonance phenomenon in a Flat Bottom Hole (FBH) is developed to eliminate the interference nonlinearity from undesired sources and enable the precise measurement of ultrasonic nonlinearity from material defects. The local anti-resonance phenomenon in an FBH is investigated using finite element method, on which basis the method to suppress the high order harmonics in incident waves is developed. The effectiveness of the method is validated through the experimental detection of a nonlinear scatterer and comparison with results from traditional configurations.

Cellular communication networks in fibrosis: Insights from the MASLD pig model.

Background: This research aims to reveal the cellular cross talk in fibrosis liver using transgenic pigs (TG) expressing humanized risk genes (PNPLA3I148M-GIPRdn-hIAPP) as a metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) model.

Methods And Results: The study uses single-nucleus sequencing to reveal the differentiation and interaction characteristics of various cell populations in the liver during the development of MASLD. After 6 months of high-fat, high-sucrose diet induction, the model pigs exhibited obvious liver pathological features, including fat deposition, inflammatory cell aggregation, fibrosis, and blocked insulin signaling pathways, similar to PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G carriers.

Willd. ex Schltdl. Mitigates Liver Injury via KEAP1-NFE2L2-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulation: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.

Liver injury poses major health risks in livestock, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions. This study elucidates the hepatoprotective mechanisms of Willd. ex Schltdl.

The influence of ultrasonic thermal effect on the preparation of porous starch by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis.

Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis is a green, pollution-free and safe method for preparing porous starch. However, it is still unclear whether the thermal effect or non-thermal effect during the ultrasound process has a greater impact on the pore formation of porous starch, which determine the technical cost and choice of actual industrial production. In this study, the rice porous starch obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis (PS), ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UPS) and ice water bath ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (IUPS) were compared to investigate the influence of ultrasonic thermal effect on the microstructure and physicochemical properties of rice porous starch.

Homologous flame retardant - cottonseed meal modified as a flame retardant for cotton fiber durable flame retardancy.

Cotton fibers are widely used in various applications due to their biodegradability, low cost, and extensive availability. The cottonseed is associated with cotton, which has a large yield. After oil extraction, the remaining cottonseed meal has a high protein content, making it a potential flame retardant for cotton fibers.

Synthesis of -Diborylcyclopropyl Ketones via Conjugate Addition of Chlorodiborylmethane to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones.

The carbanion derived from chlorodiborylmethane can act as a soft nucleophile, while the halogen substituent can subsequently function as a leaving group. Taking advantage of this feature, we herein have developed an efficient synthesis of -diborylcyclopropyl ketones from a diverse range of enone substrates. We also demonstrated the synthetic utility of this protocol by leveraging the highly transformable nature of the cyclopropyl moiety and the C-B bonds.