Structural feature and antitumor activity of a N-acetylglucosamine containing polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense.

Ganoderma sinense is a precious traditional Chinese medicine to improve health and treat numerous diseases with a time-honored history. Herein, the antitumor activities of crude polysaccharides (GS50, GS70, GS90, and GSB) derived from the water or alkali extracts of G. sinense were investigated in a 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mouse model.

Nanoemulsion as the Pioneer Carrier for Future Green Nanopesticides.

Nanotechnology, as a transformative tool in modern agriculture, is particularly prominent for the control of plant pests and is emerging as a solution to the limitations of traditional pesticide formulations. This review systematically reviews the preparation and application of nanoemulsion pesticides, focusing on their formulation mechanisms, functional advantages, and practical uses. Nanoemulsions are characterized by nanosized droplets (20-200 nm), which enhance the solubility, dispersion, and stability of active ingredients, thereby improving bioavailability and reducing environmental impact.

Rational Design and Reaction Mechanism Study of the Photochemical Rearrangement of Fulvene Derivatives.

Photochemistry is considered one of the most efficient and reproducible techniques in organic synthesis. Recently, List and co-workers reported an efficient UV light triggered photochemical synthesis of spiro[2,4]heptadiene from fulvenes with different substituents ( 2023, 62, e202303119); however, the mechanistic details remain unclear, and the intermediates have not been characterized. To facilitate the applications of this novel photochemical reaction, we theoretically designed a series of fulvene derivatives with different parent molecular skeletons for analyzing the substitution effects, and two of the representative fulvenes were synthesized for investigating the reaction mechanisms by employing time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) experiments.

Warming stimulates cellulose decomposition by recruiting phylogenetically diverse but functionally similar microorganisms.

Cellulose is the most abundant component of plant litter, which is critical for terrestrial carbon cycling. Nonetheless, it remains unknown how global warming affects cellulose-decomposing microorganisms. Here, we carried out a 3-year litterbag experiment to examine cellulose decomposition undergoing +3°C warming in a tallgrass prairie.

Good plasmons in a bad metal.

Correlated metals may exhibit unusually high resistivity that increases linearly in temperature, breaking through the Mott-Ioffe-Regel bound, above which coherent quasiparticles are destroyed. The fate of collective charge excitations, or plasmons, in these systems is a subject of debate. Several studies have suggested that plasmons are overdamped, whereas other studies have detected propagating plasmons.

A glucomannan from defatted Ganoderma lucidum spores: structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity via activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Ganoderma lucidum spores are tiny mature germ cells ejected from the abaxial side of the pileus and were responsible for multiple pharmacological properties. The defatted G. lucidum spores are the byproducts after the extraction of G.

Direct Observation of a Photoinduced Topological Phase Transition in Bi-Doped (Pb,Sn)Se.

Ultrafast photoexcitation offers a novel approach to manipulating quantum materials. One of the long-standing goals in this field is to achieve optical control over topological properties. However, the impact on their electronic structures, which host gapless surface states, has yet to be directly observed.

Exploring the molecular design principles for efficient diarylethene photoacid and photohydride generators based on the photochemical reaction mechanism.

Photoacid generators (PAGs) and photohydride generators (PHGs) are specific photolabile protecting groups that release acid and hydride, respectively. Over the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel PAGs and PHGs with advanced efficiency, among which, two of the promising candidates are diarylethene (DAE)-based PAGs and PHGs, which release acids/hydrides during photochromic electrocyclization. The release quantum yield for PAGs is acceptable, while that of PHGs is only 4.

Immunological Efficacy and the Impact on Weight of Dolutegravir-Based Regimen in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Naïve Patients with HIV Infection.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the immunological efficacy and the impact on weight of dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen in ART-naive people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on ART-naïve PLWH who treated with DTG-based or efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens in The Second Hospital of Nanjing. Based on previous studies, the sample size was 332 patients calculated by PASS software.

Room-temperature non-volatile optical manipulation of polar order in a charge density wave.

Utilizing ultrafast light-matter interaction to manipulate electronic states of quantum materials is an emerging area of research in condensed matter physics. It has significant implications for the development of future ultrafast electronic devices. However, the ability to induce long-lasting metastable electronic states in a fully reversible manner is a long-standing challenge.

Light-induced insulator-metal transition in SrIrO reveals the nature of the insulating ground state.

SrIrO has attracted considerable attention due to its structural and electronic similarities to LaCuO, the parent compound of high- superconducting cuprates. It was proposed as a strong spin-orbit-coupled = 1/2 Mott insulator, but the Mott nature of its insulating ground state has not been conclusively established. Here, we use ultrafast laser pulses to realize an insulator-metal transition in SrIrO and probe the resulting dynamics using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

Coexistence of Interacting Charge Density Waves in a Layered Semiconductor.

Coexisting orders are key features of strongly correlated materials and underlie many intriguing phenomena from unconventional superconductivity to topological orders. Here, we report the coexistence of two interacting charge-density-wave (CDW) orders in EuTe_{4}, a layered crystal that has drawn considerable attention owing to its anomalous thermal hysteresis and a semiconducting CDW state despite the absence of perfect Fermi surface nesting. By accessing unoccupied conduction bands with time- and angle-resolved photoemission measurements, we find that monolayers and bilayers of Te in the unit cell host different CDWs that are associated with distinct energy gaps.

Harnessing Ion-Dipole Interactions for Water-Lean Solvation Chemistry: Achieving High-Stability Zn Anodes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The reversibility and stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are largely limited by water-induced interfacial parasitic reactions. Here, dimethyl(3,3-difluoro-2-oxoheptyl)phosphonate (DP) is introduced to tailor primary solvation sheath and inner-Helmholtz configurations for robust zinc anode. Informed by theoretical guidance on solvation process, DP with high permanent dipole moments can effectively substitute the coordination of HO with charge carriers through relatively strong ion-dipolar interactions, resulting in a water-lean environment of solvated Zn.

Warming effects on grassland soil microbial communities are amplified in cool months.

Global warming modulates soil respiration (RS) via microbial decomposition, which is seasonally dependent. Yet, the magnitude and direction of this modulation remain unclear, partly owing to the lack of knowledge on how microorganisms respond to seasonal changes. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities over 12 consecutive months under experimental warming in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem.

Structural clarification of mannoglucan GSBP-2 from Ganoderma sinense and its effects on triple-negative breast cancer migration and invasion.

Ganoderma sinense, known as Lingzhi in China, is a medicinal fungus with anti-tumor properties. Herein, crude polysaccharides (GSB) extracted from G. sinense fruiting bodies were used to selectively inhibit triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.

Structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan with anti-neuroinflammatory activity from Ganoderma lucidum.

According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) presents certain effects for nourishing nerves and calming the mind. G.

[The application of molecular biology-based microbial remediation technologies in petroleum polluted environments].

Owing to human activities and industrial production, petroleum pollution has become a serious environmental issue. Microbial remediation technology, characterized by its eco-friendly characteristics, has drawn significant attention in petroleum pollution remediation. The application of molecular biology technology has led to a drastic revolution in microbial remediation technology, providing resources for the development of highly efficient degrading agents.

Delamination-Assisted Ultrafast Wrinkle Formation in a Freestanding Film.

Freestanding films provide a versatile platform for materials engineering thanks to additional structural motifs not found in films with a substrate. A ubiquitous example is wrinkles, yet little is known about how they can develop over as fast as a few picoseconds due to a lack of experimental probes to visualize their dynamics in real time on the nanoscopic scale. Here, we use time-resolved electron diffraction to directly observe light-activated wrinkling formation in freestanding LaCaMnO films.

Direct observation of the collective modes of the charge density wave in the kagome metal CsVSb.

A recently discovered group of kagome metals AV[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text] (A = K, Rb, Cs) exhibit a variety of intertwined unconventional electronic phases, which emerge from a puzzling charge density wave phase. Understanding of this charge-ordered parent phase is crucial for deciphering the entire phase diagram. However, the mechanism of the charge density wave is still controversial, and its primary source of fluctuations-the collective modes-has not been experimentally observed.

Correction: Double cross-linked transparent superhydrophilic coating capable of anti-fogging even after abrasion and boiling.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3RA03113F.].