Orbital-Tailoring Strategy via Dual-Defect Engineering in P-FeTe@NC Synergizes Polysulfide Adsorption-Conversion for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The polysulfide shuttling and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics hinder the commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, the fabrication of phosphorus (P)-doped iron telluride (FeTe) nanoparticles with engineered Te vacancies anchored on nitrogen (N)-doped carbon (C) (P-FeTe@NC) is presented as a multifunctional sulfur host. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that Te vacancies create electron-deficient Fe sites, which chemically anchor polysulfides through enhanced Fe─S covalent interactions.

Challenges and Lessons Learned from a Field Trial on the Understanding of the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex.

Background/objectives: The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a multifaceted, polymicrobial syndrome resulting from a combination of environmental stressors, primary infections (e.g., PRRSV) and secondary infectious agents (viruses and bacteria).

Screening of Potential Drug Targets Based on the Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Model of .

is a pathogenic bacterium widely distributed in marine environments, posing significant threats to aquatic organisms and human health. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug- and pan-resistant strains. There is an urgent need for novel antibacterial therapies with innovative mechanisms of action.

Emergence of a PRRSV Strain Recombined From Two Modified-Live Virus Vaccines and Its Elimination From a Breeding Herd.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most challenging diseases for swine production. The PRRS virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus that replicates via an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) mechanism, which is prone to high mutation rates. Recombinations are characterized by the exchange of genetic material across two or more viruses.

Effect of artificial intelligence in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving clinical outcomes in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) management, focusing on ECMO initiation, prognosis, and complications.

Methods: A meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines were conducted, with literature searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies on AI-based ECMO prediction models between January 1980 and June 2024. Data extraction included AI methodologies, performance metrics, and key findings, with risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST.

Improving dehydrated yellow peach slices quality using modified kraft paper coated with starch-stearic acid composites via hydrogen bonding.

Yellow peach slices are popular for their nutritional value and portability, but they tend to absorb moisture and lose nutrients during storage. In this study, a biodegradable, superhydrophobic, and moisture-resistant paper-based packaging material was developed by coating kraft paper (KP) with a composite formulation of pea starch (PS), shellac (SH), zein (ZE), and stearic acid (SA). The selection of this composite system was based on the complementary functional properties of its components: PS provided a biodegradable matrix with good film-forming ability, SH contributed moisture resistance and adhesion, ZE enhanced mechanical strength and hydrophobicity, while SA further lowered surface energy to achieve superhydrophobicity.

Synergistic Breakthrough in Speed and Power: TiO/SiO Stacked Dielectric Heterostructures for Phase-Change Memory.

Phase-change memory (PCM) emerges as a leading contender for storage-class memory applications yet faces inherent trade-offs between SET speed and RESET power due to competing crystallization and melt-quench dynamics. Herein, we demonstrate a stacked dielectric heterostructure strategy integrating lattice-matched TiO and thermal-confining SiO interlayers to overcome these limitations. The crystalline TiO layer lowers nucleation barriers via epitaxial matching, while the ultralow thermal conductivity SiO layer confines Joule heating localization via thermal-field regulation.

VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR IN ECMO: A DYNAMIC MODULATOR OF HEMORRHAGE AND THROMBOSIS.

Von Willebrand factor (vWF) orchestrates hemostasis through platelet activation, factor VIII stabilization, and inflammatory modulation, with emerging evidence highlighting its shear-dependent conformational dynamics as a critical regulator of thrombus formation. The protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) cleaves ultralarge vWF multimers under physiological conditions, although its efficiency declines sharply at supraphysiological shear forces characteristic of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits. Beyond proteolytic regulation, cumulative evidence confirms that vWF self-association, autoregulatory domains, and inflammatory mediators collectively modulate vWF's thrombogenic potential during ECMO support.

Design of a P-O-M (M = Mn, Zn) d-pπ Backbonding Electrolyte Additive for 40 Ah Electrolytic Zn-MnO Batteries.

An electrolytic Zn-MnO battery is highly valued due to its cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and abundant resource availability. However, the battery's performance is hindered by the slow kinetics at the poorly conductive MnO cathode and hydrogen evolution at the Zn anode. Here, a strategy of P-O-M (M = Mn, Zn) d-pπ backbonding design is proposed for phosphorus-oxygen electrolyte additives, which can be realized by tuning the atomic dipole moment-corrected Hirshfeld (ADCH) population charge of the P/O atom.

Exposure to Dimefluthrin Affects the Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Dimefluthrin is a widely used insecticide that exhibits toxicity to numerous aquatic organisms. However, its developmental effects on fish remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of dimefluthrin exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development.

TAMs-specific ARF1 inhibition reprograms glioma microenvironment and enhances the therapeutic effect of oncolytic adenovirus.

Gliomas, characterized by their robust immunosuppressive microenvironment, pose a significant challenge to the efficacy of immunotherapies. The cGas/STING signaling pathway is emerging as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. The inhibition of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), a pivotal regulator within cGas/STING signaling pathway, has been shown to enhance the activation cGas/STING.

TSPAN31 Activates EMT Through the PI3 K/AKT Signaling Pathway to Promote Glioma Progression.

As the most malignant primary intracranial tumor, glioma progression has been associated with tetraspanins (TSPANs), a conserved family of transmembrane proteins regulating critical cellular processes including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. Among TSPAN members, TSPAN31 emerges as a potential oncogene implicated in multiple malignancies. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by enhanced invasiveness and biomarker alterations, represents a pivotal mechanism driving tumor metastasis.

Causal association between gut microbiota and endometrial cancer in European and East Asian populations: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a significant global health concern. While observational epidemiological studies suggest a potential link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the development of EC, the direction and causality of this association remain uncertain.

Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and EC.

Electronic tuning of defect-rich ultrathin nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets supported metal phthalocyanine catalysts for CO electroreduction.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction (CORR) driven by renewable energy represents a promising technology toward carbon neutrality. Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) exhibit promise as molecular catalysts for CORR, however, their practical application is hindered by intrinsic limitations: poor electrical conductivity, easy aggregation, and inadequate active sites accessibility. Herein, we report defect-rich ultrathin N-doped porous carbon nanosheets (UNPCS) synthesized via molten salt-assisted pyrolysis of two-dimensional ZIF-L, serving as an advanced substrate to immobilize molecularly dispersed MPcs.

Experimental Study of the Dynamic Compressive and Tensile Anisotropic Mechanical Properties and Failure Modes of Shale.

To investigate the dynamic compressive and tensile mechanical properties and failure modes of shale, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and high-speed imaging and digital image correlation (DIC) technologies were adopted. Dynamic impact compression and Brazilian splitting tests of shale samples at five different bedding angles of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° (angles between the dynamic compressive loading direction or the actual dynamic tensile loading direction and the normal direction of the bedding planes) were conducted to reveal the influence of the bedding angle, strain rate, and impact velocity on the dynamic compressive and tensile mechanical properties and failure modes of shale. The experimental results indicate that the dynamic compressive and tensile strengths, as well as the failure modes, of shale exhibit significant anisotropy.

Advances in multi-trait genomic prediction approaches: classification, comparative analysis, and perspectives.

Traits in any organism are not independent, but show considerable integration, observed in a form of couplings and trade-offs. Therefore, improvement in one trait may affect other traits, often in undesired direction. To account for this problem, crop breeding increasingly relies on multi-trait genomic prediction (MT-GP) approaches that leverage the availability of genetic markers from different populations along with advances in high-throughput precision phenotyping.

Predicting plant trait dynamics from genetic markers.

Molecular and physiological changes across crop developmental stages shape the plant phenome and render its prediction from genetic markers challenging. Here we present dynamicGP, an efficient computational approach that combines genomic prediction with dynamic mode decomposition to characterize the temporal changes and to predict genotype-specific dynamics for multiple morphometric, geometric and colourimetric traits scored by high-throughput phenotyping. Using genetic markers and data from high-throughput phenotyping of a maize multiparent advanced generation inter-cross population and an Arabidopsis thaliana diversity panel, we show that dynamicGP outperforms a baseline genomic prediction approach for the multiple traits.

Widespread variation in molecular interactions and regulatory properties among transcription factor isoforms.

Most human transcription factor (TF) genes encode multiple protein isoforms differing in DNA-binding domains, effector domains, or other protein regions. The global extent to which this results in functional differences between isoforms remains unknown. Here, we systematically compared 693 isoforms of 246 TF genes, assessing DNA binding, protein binding, transcriptional activation, subcellular localization, and condensate formation.

PRRSV RNA Detection and Predictive Values Between Different Sow and Neonatal Litter Sample Types.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), a major challenge for the swine industry, can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Common sample types, including processing fluid, serum, and family oral fluid, can neither determine whether PRRSV infection originates vertically or horizontally nor directly reflects the sow's PRRSV status. At around 90 days post live-virus inoculation (LVI), 555 sows were sampled by Tonsil-oral-scrubbing (TOSc) 2 weeks pre-farrowing and tested for PRRSV RNA.

Transcriptional Regulatory Network of the Embryonic Diapause Termination Process in .

is a typical animal used for the study of the diapause mechanism. The research on the regulation mechanism of diapause mainly focuses on the occurrence and maintenance of diapause. There are few studies on the mechanism of embryonic pause termination (EDT), especially for its transcriptional regulation mechanism.

Broadband Acoustic Purcell Effect from Collective Bound States in the Continuum.

The Purcell effect significantly improves the performance of various emission devices but is typically constrained by a narrow operational bandwidth due to inherent resonant mechanisms. This study achieves broadband acoustic Purcell effect, substantially boosting sound emission by exploring collective quasibound states in the continuum (QBICs). A six-cavity coupled system supporting five QBICs is introduced, wherein all of the QBICs interact strongly with an acoustic source.

Bimetallic Fe-Mo modified N-doped carbon materials activating peroxymonosulfate for acetaminophen degradation: Synergistic effects of free radicals and electron transfer process.

This study aimed to synthesize a bimetallic Fe-Mo modified N-doped carbon material (FeMo@NCN) using a simple pyrolysis method. Structural and physical characterizations confirmed the successful incorporation of Fe and Mo into the catalyst. The FeMo@NCN/PMS system exhibited an excellent acetaminophen (ACE) degradation rate (k = 0.

Mechanism of Norfloxacin Adsorption on Fe-BTC Derived from Acid Mine Drainage Sludge: Adsorption Experiments and Density Functional Theory Analysis.

Acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) can be utilized as a raw material to synthesize an efficient adsorbent through a more environmentally friendly approach for the removal of pollutants from water. In this study, iron ions were extracted from AMDS and then reacted with trimesic acid (BTC) under ambient conditions to synthesize Fe-BTC-, iron-based metal-organic frameworks. These materials demonstrate an exceptionally high specific surface area and excellent chemical stability.

Construction and initial validations of the major decision-making self-efficacy scale (MDMSES) for Chinese high school students.

Background: Major decision-making self-efficacy (MDMSE) is an important indicator of students' ability to make effective decisions in specialty selection. It has implications for students' personal growth and career counselling interventions. While the previous MDMSES has been widely used in the context of China's New College Entrance Examination reform, the increased choice of majors and advancement of career planning necessitate a new scale to assess high school students' MDMSE levels.

Density Functional Theory Study on Reconstruction and Reversible Transformation Processes of the ZZ57 Edge Structure in Carbon Materials: Effect of Na, K, and Ca.

The edge structures of carbonaceous materials exhibit temperature-dependent behavior on the atomic scale, with variations in the relative ratios of zigzag, reconstructed 5-7 zigzag (ZZ57), and armchair edges observed at different temperatures. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the interconversion of these edge structures and the influence of the surrounding metals remain unclear. This study investigates the reconstruction and reversible transformation processes of ZZ57 edge structures in carbon materials and examines the effects of different metal atoms (Na, K, and Ca) by using density functional theory.