Rhapontigenin attenuates neurodegeneration in a parkinson's disease model by downregulating mtDNA-cGAS-STING-NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation via PINK1/DRP1-dependent microglial mitophagy.

Microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation and impaired neuronal mitophagy are recognized as pivotal pathogeneses in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of microglial mitophagy in microglial activation during PD development remains unclear, and therapeutic interventions targeting this interaction are lacking. Rhapontigenin (Rhap), a stilbenoid enriched in Vitis vinifera, exhibits dual anti-neuroinflammatory and mitophagy-enhancing properties, but its therapeutic potential and mechanisms in PD are unexplored.

Eriocalyxin B confers radioprotection of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induction.

Ionizing radiation induces injury in multiple organs, particularly in the hematopoietic system; however, the implementation of effective preventive measures for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) is still limited. In this study, we investigated the radioprotective effects of a natural diterpenoid, eriocalyxin B (EriB), on hematopoietic injury associated with ARS in mice exposed to total body irradiation (TBI). The results suggested that EriB effectively provides radioprotection against hematopoietic injury, as evidenced by improved survival, increased peripheral blood recovery, and accelerated regeneration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in irradiated mice.

Biomass fuel induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via the astrocyte-microglia IL-17A/IL-17RA pathway.

Biomass fuel (BMF) exposure is known to cause respiratory inflammation, but its impact on the central nervous system (CNS) and the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. BMF combustion releases particulate matter (PM2.5), triggering systemic inflammation, which is linked to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD).

Investigation of the transcriptome and metabolome of the cerebral cortex and testes in Cntnap4-deficient mice.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves challenges in social interaction and communication and repetitive behaviours. CNTNAP4 is implicated in neuronal signalling, and its deficiency plays a role in ASD. Transcriptomic analyses revealed similar gene expression between the brain and in humans as well as in mice.

Design and synthesis of a novel β-anhydroicartin derivative targeting tumor cell mitochondria based on the regulation of p16INK4a and its biological activity evaluation.

Based on the regulation of β-anhydroicaritin on the stability of p16INK4a encoded by CDKN2A gene, nine novel triphenylphosphine derivatives targeting tumor cell mitochondria were synthesized. Compound increased the ability to inhibit lung cancer A549 cells by 24 times compared with 5-fluorouracil. Biological studies have shown that compound significantly promotes early apoptosis and induces mitochondrial dysfunction in A549 cells.

Alkyl bistriflimidate-mediated electrochemical deaminative functionalization.

An efficient electrochemical strategy for the deaminative functionalization of alkyl amines has been described. The alkyl bistriflimidates were readily accessed by the treatment of alkyl amines with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride and unprecedentedly employed for C-N bond activation. They can be applied to a range of transformations, including borylation, sulfuration, selenation, sulfonation, Additionally, deaminative esterification and amidation can be performed under catalytic base conditions.

LncRNA Tug1 Regulates Post-Stroke Microglial Pyroptosis via PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy.

Microglia, the central nervous system's primary immune cells, play a key role in the progression of cerebral ischemic stroke, particularly through their involvement in pyroptosis. The long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (Tug1) is elevated during ischemic stroke and is critical in driving post-stroke neuroinflammation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Risk of comorbidity of autoimmune liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A single-center case-control study in China.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and the impact of comorbidity of AIH, PBC, and PSC on hospitalization burden in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Inpatients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2021 were included. Odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to compare the risk of AIH, PBC, and PSC between IBD and non-IBD patients.

Reductive deaminative cross-coupling of alkyl bistriflimides enabled by electrocatalysis.

We present a versatile nickel-electrocatalytic deaminative cross-coupling platform for the efficient construction of C(sp)-C(sp) and C(sp)-C(sp) bonds from readily available alkyl bistriflimides. This methodology involves the assembly of two leaving groups on alkyl amines to form alkyl bistriflimides, followed by their effective coupling with a wide range of alkyl halides, alkyl pseudohalides, aryl halides, and alkenyl halides under electrochemical reductive conditions. Moreover, the successful application of electrochemical reductive relay cross-coupling and transition metal-free cross-electrophile coupling further demonstrates the versatility of alkyl bistriflimides as valuable building blocks in organic synthesis.

Optimal Preservation of PFFs in Glycerol Enhances Suitability for Modeling Parkinson's Disease.

Injecting α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (αSyn PFFs) into various tissues and organs involves converting monomeric αSyn into a fibrillar form, inducing extensive αSyn pathology that effectively models Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the distinct physicochemical properties of αSyn amyloid fibrils can potentially reduce their seeding activity, especially during storage. In this study, it is demonstrated that αSyn PFFs exhibit significant sensitivity to low temperatures, with notable denaturation occurring between -20 and 4 °C, and gradual disassembly persisted even under storage conditions at -80 °C.

Identification of key ferroptosis genes and subtypes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.

Tumour immunity is highly important for the occurrence and development of tumours, and many cancers are resistant to ferroptosis. This study aims to explore the relationship between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the immunological characteristics of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). We obtained RNA-seq profiles and clinical data of KIRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and identified CD44 and GLRX5 as the key FRGs involved in KIRC immune infiltration through Spearman's correlation analysis.

FADD regulates adipose inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival.

Adipose tissue, aside from adipocytes, comprises various abundant immune cells. The accumulation of low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue serves as a primary cause and hallmark of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigate the physiological roles of FADD in adipose tissue inflammation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte survival.

Fibrous periosteum repairs bone fracture and maintains the healed bone throughout mouse adulthood.

Bone is regarded as one of few tissues that heals without fibrous scar. The outer layer of the periosteum is covered with fibrous tissue, whose function in bone formation is unknown. We herein developed a system to distinguish the fate of fibrous-layer periosteal cells (FL-PCs) from the skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) in the cambium-layer periosteum and bone marrow in mice.

Dissecting new lipids and their composition in herbal tea using untargeted LC/MS.

Herbal teas and beverages have gained global attention because they are rich in natural bioactive compounds, which are known to have diverse biological effects, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. However, the lipidomic profiles of herbal teas remain unclear. In this study, we applied an untargeted lipidomics approach using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry to comprehensively profile, compare, and identify unknown lipids in four herbal teas: dokudami, kumazasa, sugina, and yomogi.

Fluacrypyrim Protects Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells against Irradiation via Apoptosis Prevention.

Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced hematopoietic injury has become a global concern in the past decade. The underlying cause of this condition is a compromised hematopoietic reserve, and this kind of hematopoietic injury could result in infection or bleeding, in addition to lethal mishaps. Therefore, developing an effective treatment for this condition is imperative.

Lactate Conversion by Lactate Dehydrogenase B Is Involved in Beige Adipocyte Differentiation and Thermogenesis in Mice.

Adipose tissue (AT) is the primary reservoir of lipid, the major thermogenesis organ during cold exposure, and an important site for lactate production. However, the utilization of lactate as a metabolic substrate by adipocytes, as well as its potential involvement in the regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis, remain unappreciated. In vitro experiments using primary stromal vascular fraction preadipocytes isolated from mouse inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) revealed that lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), the key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, is upregulated during adipocyte differentiation, downregulated upon chronic cold stimulation, and regained after prolonged cold exposure.

Treatment of functional dyspepsia in Chinese adult patients with domperidone: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of domperidone for the treatment of Chinese patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who were diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria and to identify the FD subtypes that potentially responded better to domperidone.

Methods: This multicenter prospective study was conducted in China from August 2018 to July 2020, consisting of a 1-week screening phase and a 2-week double-blind treatment phase. Participants were randomized to receive domperidone 10 mg or matching placebo tablets thrice daily for 14 days.

Early diagnosis and prognostic potential of RAC3 in bladder tumor.

Background And Purpose: Bladder tumors are among the most prevalent malignancies in the urinary system, and RAC3 has been linked to various types of cancer. This article seeks to explore the potential of RAC3 as both an early diagnostic marker for bladder tumors and a novel therapeutic target.

Methods/patients: The expression of RAC3 in bladder tissue was detected using immunohistochemical staining.

The Role of Proton-Coupled Amino Acid Transporter 2 (SLC36A2) in Cold-Induced Thermogenesis of Mice.

Brown adipocytes mainly utilize glucose and fatty acids to produce energy, which play key roles in thermogenesis. Furthermore, brown adipocytes also utilize other substrates, such as amino acids, for energy expenditure in various conditions. Here, we report the new physiological roles of proton-coupled amino acid transporters, SLC36A2 and SLC36A3, on global energy metabolism.

Lepr-Expressing PDLSCs Contribute to Periodontal Homeostasis and Respond to Mechanical Force by Piezo1.

Periodontium supports teeth in a mechanically stimulated tissue environment, where heterogenous stem/progenitor populations contribute to periodontal homeostasis. In this study, Leptin receptor+ (Lepr+) cells are identified as a distinct periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) population by single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing. These Lepr+ PDLSCs are located in the peri-vascular niche, possessing multilineage potential and contributing to tissue repair in response to injury.

A female-specific role for trigeminal dynorphin in orofacial pain comorbidity.

Migraine is commonly reported in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), but little is known about the mechanisms underlying the comorbid condition. Here, we prepared a mouse model to investigate this comorbidity, in which masseter muscle tendon ligation (MMTL) was performed to induce a myogenic TMD, and the pre-existing TMD enabled a subthreshold dose of nitroglycerin (NTG) to produce migraine-like pain in mice. RNA sequencing followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmation showed that MMTL plus NTG treatment increased prodynorphin ( Pdyn ) mRNA expression in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) of female mice but not in male mice.

A Highly Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Copolymer Functionalized with Arginine for the Detection of Chloramphenicol in Honey.

Developing an efficient method for chloramphenicol (CAP) detection is of great significance for food safety. Arginine (Arg) was selected as a functional monomer. Benefiting from its excellent electrochemical performance, which is different from traditional functional monomers, it can be combined with CAP to form a highly selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) material.

Coordination measure for coupling system of digital economy and rural logistics: An evidence from China.

As an important engine for high-quality economic development, the digital economy is gradually integrating with the rural logistics industry. This trend is contributing to making rural logistics a fundamental, strategic, and pioneering industry. However, some valuable topics remain unstudied, such as whether they are coupled and whether there is variability in the coupling system across the provinces.