Risk prediction and driver tracking based on watershed resilience dynamics: A case study in Dahei River Basin, China.

The watersheds face increasing pressure from both human activities and natural factors, which exacerbate potential risks and pose significant challenges to integrated watershed management. This study developed an effective methodology to evaluate watershed sustainability and predict potential risks based on watershed resilience dynamics by combining catastrophe theory, adaptive cycle theory, and the Copula-Bayesian Network. Taking the Dahei River Basin (DRB) in China as a case study, we systematically evaluated the resilience dynamics, diagnosed risks, and tracked key driving factors to propose management strategies.

Effects of micro-landforms on soil organic carbon and its components in Zhuxi National Wetland Park of Wannian County in Jiangxi Province, China.

The understanding of the impact of heterogeneous landforms within river wetland systems on soil organic carbon is rather limited. We conducted plant community surveys and soil sample collection on four main types of micro landforms, namely the Zhuxi River bank slope, edge beach, floodplain, and heart beach of Wannian Zhuxi National Wetland Park in Jiangxi Province. We measured soil physical and chemical properties and the contents of soil organic carbon components at depths of 0-30 cm for different micro landforms.

Calpain-2 facilitates infection of the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and invasion intestinal immune barrier by impairing nitric oxide homeostasis.

Introduction: The ubiquitously expressed enzymes, calpain-1 and -2 (CAPN1 and 2) play important roles in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes including infection and immune responses. CAPN2 is of particular interest due to its role in regulating intracellular bacterial infection and invasion, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Objectives: In this study, we focused on intestinal CAPN2 involved in infection by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (L.

Megawatt peak power, repetition rate tunable, high beam quality nanosecond QCW-LD end-pumped Nd:YVO MOPA system.

A megawatt (MW) peak power, tunable repetition rate nanosecond (ns) laser system based on a quasi-continuous wave (QCW) laser diode (LD) end-pumped master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) structure was demonstrated. A 1064 nm electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YVO laser was used as the seed source, generating a pulse duration of 4.6 ns, a single pulse energy of 530 μJ, a repetition rate of 1 kHz, and beam quality factors of  = 1.

Large energy, narrow bandwidth 1550 nm picosecond polarization-maintaining fiber laser.

A large energy, narrow bandwidth picosecond polarization-maintaining fiber laser operating at 1550 nm has been demonstrated. The seed laser is a self-starting Er-doped fiber oscillator based on a Figure-9 configuration, generating pulses with a duration of 48 ps and a repetition rate of 15 MHz. To reduce spectral broadening during subsequent amplification, the pulse spectrum is reshaped into a near-Gaussian profile using a narrowband uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG).

34.3 W, 172 µJ, 1342 nm picosecond master oscillator power amplifier.

A high-power, high-energy 1342 nm picosecond Nd:YVO master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser system was demonstrated, comprising a SESAM mode-locked oscillator, a regenerative amplifier, and four main amplification stages consisting of two double-pass amplifiers and two single-pass amplifiers. Low-doping Nd:YVO crystals with undoped end caps, combined with 880 nm laser diode in-band pumping technique, were used to mitigate thermal effects. A pulse energy as high as 710 µJ at 10 kHz was obtained from the regenerative amplifier.

The nonlinear relationship between built environment and cycling propensity for different travel purposes - based on extreme gradient boosting decision tree.

Bicycles, as a flexible, convenient, and low-carbon mode of transportation, possess significant advantages in short-distance travel. Linear and generalized linear models have been widely employed for modeling in previous studies, while the nonlinear relationship between the built environment and cycling behavior has received scant attention. Consequently, this paper delves into the significance of individual and family socio-economic attributes, travel characteristics, and built environment attributes regarding bicycle choice behavior, as well as the nonlinear relationship and threshold effect between the principal variable and the propensity for bicycle choice for two distinct travel purposes, based on the data from the 2018 Daily Trip Survey in Xianyang, China.

MiCoDe: a web tool for performing microbiome community detection using a Bayesian weighted stochastic block model.

Summary: The Microbiome Community Detector (MiCoDe) software is a free user-friendly web tool that is designed to cluster a network of microbial taxa into communities using a Bayesian weighted stochastic block model. MiCoDe also filters the data automatically and accounts for the challenges of microbiome high-throughput sequencing data including high-dimensionality, compositionality, zero inflation, and nonlinearity. While MiCoDe is based on a rigorous statistical unsupervised learning model, our web tool can be easily used by any investigator.

High power narrow bandwidth picosecond PPLN-OPO.

A high power, narrow bandwidth, synchronously pumped PPLN optical parametric oscillator is demonstrated. By using a reflective volume bragg grating (RVBG), the signal laser wavelength is locked at 1908.1 nm while the bandwidth is compressed to 0.

Development and validation of a gridded emissions inventory for HFC-134a in China.

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), a potent greenhouse gas, breaks down to form trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Lack of its gridded emissions inventories makes it difficult to analyze the spatial distribution of emissions. This study developed a framework for national and gridded HFC-134a bank and emission calculations, validation and environmental impact assessments.

Potential therapeutic targets for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome revealed by proteome-wide mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe complication associated with assisted reproductive technologies, characterized by metabolic, immune and vascular disorders. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying OHSS could reveal potential therapeutic targets and improve patient outcomes. In this study, We aimed to utilize proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis to identify plasma proteins associated with OHSS and evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets through druggability assessment.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in Southern China: High-Frequency Observations and Emission Estimates.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are potent greenhouse gases whose global abundance continues to rise and subsequently warm the Earth. Southern China is a rapidly developing region that has experienced a sharp increase in its HFC consumption. Here, we present the first high-frequency HFC observations in Southern China from 2022 to 2023, analyzing the atmospheric mole fractions of four HFCs (HFC-134a, HFC-32, HFC-125, and HFC-143a) and using inverse modeling to estimate their emissions in Southern China.

Distribution characteristics of soil iron-bound organic carbon in profiles along the elevation in Poyang Lake wetland.

The mineral protection of iron oxides is considered as one of the key mechanisms for the long-term stability of soil organic carbon. To investigate the distribution patterns and regulatory mechanisms of soil iron-bound organic carbon (Fe-OC) at the soil profile scale, we collected soil samples of high beach, middle beach, low beach and mud flat along the elevation gradient in Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake, and measured soil basic physicochemical properties, the different soil iron fractions, and the Fe-OC content in the 0-100 cm profiles. The results showed that the average contents of Fe-OC at different elevations was (0.

Macrophage-membrane-engineered NIR II biomimetic nanomaterials for enhanced synergistic chemo-photothermal immunotherapy in cancer treatment.

Nanoparticle encapsulated with PEG-based polymers face limitations in their circulation stability and tumor tissue accumulation during blood transport due to the production of anti-PEG antibodies and their inherent nature as foreign substances, which leads to immune surveillance and clearance by the body. The design of biomimetic nanomaterials based on cell membranes offers a solution to these issues. In this context, we have successfully developed a biomimetic nanomaterials designed for the near-infrared region II (NIR II), which leverage the combined power of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy to activate an immune response against tumors.

Corrigendum: Mechanism of . extract improving atherosclerosis by regulating PGC-1α/Sirt3/Epac1 pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.

The Lung Cancer Autochthonous Model Gene Expression Database Enables Cross-Study Comparisons of the Transcriptomic Landscapes Across Mouse Models.

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality, exhibits diverse histologic subtypes and genetic complexities. Numerous preclinical mouse models have been developed to study lung cancer, but data from these models are disparate, siloed, and difficult to compare in a centralized fashion. In this study, we established the Lung Cancer Autochthonous Model Gene Expression Database (LCAMGDB), an extensive repository of 1,354 samples from 77 transcriptomic datasets covering 974 samples from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), 368 samples from carcinogen-induced models, and 12 samples from a spontaneous model.

Parafoveal preview benefits magnified.

This study investigated the impact of word-initial letters and contextual predictability on eye movements during reading. In two experiments, we manipulated the constraint of the target word's initial trigram (e.g.

Facile Immunoassay Constructed by Gold Nanostar-Labeled Rabbit-AFP Antibody and Gold Nanoparticle-Conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG.

Simple and accurate analysis of cancer-related biomarkers is very important for disease screening and auxiliary diagnosis. This study proposed a facile immunoassay that used gold nanostar-labeled rabbit anti-AFP as a capture antibody and gold nanoparticle-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG as an enhance antibody for the construction of a detection strategy for AFP analysis. Investigations indicated that the 50 nm diameter GNS-labeled capture antibody can specifically catch AFPs by direct detection profile or by further signal amplification through AuNP-tagged enhance antibody combination.

Crystallization of Vanillin Isomers in Carboxymethyl Chitosan Gels.

The medicinal value of vanillin and its isomers has not been well developed, so it is necessary to prepare crystals of vanillin and its isomers as well as to investigate their crystallization rules in detail using advanced crystallization techniques in polymer gel. Based on molecular simulation, the maximum number of hydrogen bonds between CMCS with Van, IsoVan and oVan were reached at molar ratios of 1:9 and 1:4 and 1:5, respectively. The gel hardness and apparent viscosity of CMCS/Van isomers were proportional to the mole ratio, while elongation at break and tensile strength decreased with an increase in molar concentration depending on the position of the side chain group of the Van isomer, exposure of the benzene ring, steric resistance and the number of hydrogen bonds formed.

Optimizing phenological nitrogen status for synergistic improvement of rice grain yield and eating quality.

Background: Appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer practices can be used to improve rice grain quality without compromising yield formation. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of phenological N status in predicting rice grain yield and eating scores, and provide N fertilizer management recommendations. Two indica rice cultivars were selected for 3-year field experiments with multiple N application rates.

Emissions of HFC-134a in China and Reconciliation of Discrepancies between Observation-Based and Inventory-Based Emission Estimates.

HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) is a potent greenhouse gas with global warming potential thousands of times larger than that of carbon dioxide (CO). HFC-134a is regulated under the Montreal Protocol. However, the emissions, consumption, and emission-consumption relationships of HFC-134a are unclear.

Distinct Assembly Patterns of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities along Altitudinal Gradients in the Loess Plateau's Highest Mountain.

A critical issue in microbial ecology is quantifying the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes to microbial community assembly, and predicting ecosystem function by understanding the ecological processes of community composition is an integral part. However, the mechanisms driving microbial community assembly along altitudinal gradients in mountain ecosystems remain largely unexplored. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to examine the structural characteristics and diversity maintenance mechanisms of soil bacterial and fungal communities along an altitudinal gradient (2632-3661 m) in Mahan Mountain, the highest peak of the Loess Plateau.

Causal Association Between Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs and Diabetic Microvascular Complications: A Drug-Target Mendelian Randomization Study.

It remains unclear whether cholesterol-lowering therapy can reduce the incidence of microvascular complications in patients with diabetes. We aim to explore the potential causal relationship between three common types of cholesterol-lowering drugs and diabetic microvascular complications through drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) study, laying the groundwork for the development of new medications. In this study, we collected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitors, PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors, and NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1) inhibitors from published genome-wide association study statistics.

Mendelian randomization study reveals causal associations between plasma metabolites, immune cell phenotypes, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationships between immune cell phenotypes, plasma metabolites, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Through the analysis of 731 immune cell phenotypes and 1400 plasma metabolites, we identified 32 immune cell phenotypes that are causally related to OHSS, with 18 phenotypes identified as protective and 14 as risk factors. Notably, the TCRgd AC phenotype was the most significant risk factor associated with OHSS.

Action and therapeutic targets of folliculin interacting protein 1: a novel signaling mechanism in redox regulation.

Rapid activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) induces phosphorylation of mitochondrial-associated proteins, a process by which phosphate groups are added to regulate mitochondrial function, thereby modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, triggering an acute metabolic response, and sustaining metabolic adaptation through transcriptional regulation. AMPK directly phosphorylates folliculin interacting protein 1 (FNIP1), leading to the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in response to mitochondrial functions. While mitochondrial function is tightly linked to finely-tuned energy-sensing mobility, FNIP1 plays critical roles in glucose transport and sensing, mitochondrial autophagy, cellular stress response, and muscle fiber contraction.