Engineering Volumetric Tissue Analogs via Assembly of Endothelial Cell-Covered Spheroidal Microtissues.

Tissue engineering holds a significant promise for the development of bioartificial organs applicable to transplantation. However, the size of engineered tissues remains limited, primarily due to the challenge of establishing microvascular networks within tissue constructs. In this study, engineered tissues are fabricated and embedded with functional microvascular networks by assembling endothelial cell-covered spheroidal microtissues.

Effect of tool center point angles on drilling performance in robotic cortical bone procedures.

This study investigates the effects of different tool center point (TCP) angles on drilling precision and accuracy in cortical bone using a six-axis robot. Tool paths were generated using simulation software, and various TCP angles and corresponding robot postures were implemented in a real-world setting. To assess dynamic characteristics, experimental modal analysis was performed to measure natural frequencies and damping ratios (DRs) across the different configurations.

Fabrication and Characterization of Ferroelectric Capacitors with a Symmetric Hybrid TiN/W/HZO/W/TiN Electrode Structure.

In this study, HfZrO (HZO) thin-films were deposited using a Co-plasma atomic layer deposition (CPALD) process that combined both remote plasma and direct plasma, for the development of ferroelectric memory devices. Ferroelectric capacitors with a symmetric hybrid TiN/W/HZO/W/TiN electrode structure, incorporating W electrodes as insertion layers, were fabricated. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was subsequently employed to control the crystalline phase of the films.

Enhanced Optoelectronic Synaptic Performance in Sol-Gel Derived Al-Doped ZnO Thin Film Devices.

We report the fabrication and characterization of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) optoelectronic synaptic devices based on sol-gel-derived thin films with varying Al concentrations (0~4.0 wt%). Structural and optical analyses reveal that moderate Al doping modulates the crystal orientation, optical bandgap, and defect levels of ZnO films.

MoTe synaptic transistor and its application to physical reservoir computing.

In this study, we systematically analyzed the synaptic properties of an MoTe-based transistor and propose a physical reservoir computing system based on it. The device was fabricated as a back-gate structure using mechanically exfoliated MoTe sheets on a SiO/Si substrate, which showed the characteristics of an n-type field effect transistor. It exhibited synaptic properties upon application of voltage pulses to the gate, such as excitatory post-synaptic currents or paired pulse facilitations.

A review of hybrid EEG-based multimodal human-computer interfaces using deep learning: applications, advances, and challenges.

Human-computer interaction (HCI) focuses on designing efficient and intuitive interactions between humans and computer systems. Recent advancements have utilized multimodal approaches, such as electroencephalography (EEG)-based systems combined with other biosignals, along with deep learning to enhance performance and reliability. However, no systematic review has consolidated findings on EEG-based multimodal HCI systems.

Hematite-embedded mesoporous nanoparticles for ferroptosis-inducing cancer sonoimmunotherapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) aims to treat cancers by generating reactive oxygen species in response to ultrasound (US). However, the clinical applications of SDT are often constrained due to its limited efficacy in triggering systemic immune responses. Considering this, we developed hematite-embedded PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (H@PMSNs) as potential sonosensitizers for inducing immunogenic cancer cell death.

Low molecular weight fucoidan differentiation media enhances quality and extents shelf life of 3D human skin model.

In vitro three-dimensional artificial human skin models (3D-HSMs) have revolutionized research in drug testing, disease modeling, and cosmetic evaluations. However, preserving the shelf-life of 3D-HSM during extended culture remains a challenge. Our previous study uncovered the anti-proliferative effect of fibroblasts exposed to low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMW-F) at a lower concentration.

Multimodal scene recognition using semantic segmentation and deep learning integration.

Semantic modeling and recognition of indoor scenes present a significant challenge due to the complex composition of generic scenes, which contain a variety of features including themes and objects, makes semantic modeling and indoor scene recognition difficult. The gap between high-level scene interpretation and low-level visual features increases the complexity of scene recognition. In order to overcome these obstacles, this study presents a novel multimodal deep learning technique that enhances scene recognition accuracy and robustness by combining depth information with conventional red-green-blue (RGB) image data.

Gate-Controlled Three-Terminal ZnO Nanoparticle Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices for In-Sensor Neuromorphic Memory Applications.

This study reports a gate-tunable three-terminal optoelectronic synaptic device based on an Al/ZnO nanoparticles (NPs)/SiO/Si structure for neuromorphic in-sensor memory applications. The ZnO NP film, fabricated via spin coating, exhibited strong UV-induced excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC) responses that were modulated by gate voltage through charge injection across the SiO dielectric rather than by conventional field effect. Optical stimulation enabled short-term synaptic plasticity, with paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) values reaching 185% at a gate voltage of -5.

Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Antiaging Treatments.

As the median age of the global population rises and the demand for aesthetic enhancement increases, interest in antiaging skin technologies has been growing significantly. This review first addresses the molecular mechanisms underlying skin aging, followed by an overview of traditional antiaging approaches and their benefits and limitations. Furthermore, it emphasizes the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) as promising alternatives to address the shortcomings of conventional strategies.

Deposition of HfO by Remote Plasma ALD for High-Aspect-Ratio Trench Capacitors in DRAM.

Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a vital component in modern computing systems. Enhancing memory performance requires maximizing capacitor capacitance within DRAM cells, which is achieved using high-k dielectric materials deposited as thin, uniform films via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Precise film deposition that minimizes electronic defects caused by charged vacancies is essential for reducing leakage current and ensuring high dielectric strength.

Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Retention in ZnO-CNT Nanocomposite Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices.

This study presents the fabrication and characterization of ZnO-CNT composite-based optoelectronic synaptic devices via a sol-gel process. By incorporating various concentrations of CNTs (0-2.0 wt%) into ZnO thin films, we investigated their effects on synaptic behaviors under ultraviolet (UV) stimulation.

Monolithic GaN-Based Dual-Quantum-Well LEDs with Size-Controlled Color-Tunable White-Light Emission.

We report a monolithic GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) platform capable of color-tunable white-light emission via LED size scaling. By varying the LED size from 800 µm to 50 µm, the injection current density was effectively controlled under constant driving current, enabling precise modulation of carrier distribution within a dual-composition multi-quantum well (MQW) structure. The active layer consists of five lower InGaN/GaN QWs for blue emission and strain induction, and an upper InGaN/GaN single QW engineered for red-orange emission.

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Cu/SnAg Pillar Bumps with Ni-Less Surface Finish Utilizing Laser-Assisted Bonding (LAB).

In this study, an interconnection was formed between a Cu/SnAg pillar bump and an Ni-less surface-treated Cu pad through laser-assisted bonding (LAB), and its bonding characteristics were evaluated. The LAB process influences the bond quality and mechanical strength based on the laser irradiation time and laser power density. The growth of the intermetallic compound (IMC) in the joint cross-section was observed via FE-SEM analysis.

Capacitance and Dielectric Properties of Spin-Coated Silk Fibroin Thin Films for Bioelectronic Capacitors.

Silk fibroin, a biocompatible and flexible biopolymer derived from Bombyx mori silkworms, has shown promise in bioelectronics, due to its adjustable dielectric properties. This study investigates the influence of spin coating parameters on the optical, electrical, and dielectric properties of thin silk fibroin films. Silk fibroin solutions were spin coated onto indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates at speeds ranging from 1000 to 7000 revolutions per minute (RPM), resulting in films with thicknesses that varied from 264.

Enhanced Resistive Switching and Conduction Mechanisms in Silk Fibroin-Based Memristors with Ag Nanoparticles for Bio-Neuromorphic Applications.

This study explores the resistive switching (RS) behavior and conduction mechanisms of Ag/SF-Ag NP/Si memristors with varying Ag NP concentrations. I-V measurements confirm stable RS characteristics across 100 cycles, with consistent set and reset voltages. Increasing Ag NP concentration enhances conductive filament formation, leading to sharper switching transitions and a higher HRS/LRS ratio, w-hich increases from 43 (0 wt% Ag NP) to 4.

Bioprinted Patient-Derived Organoid Arrays Capture Intrinsic and Extrinsic Tumor Features for Advanced Personalized Medicine.

Heterogeneity and the absence of a tumor microenvironment (TME) in traditional patient-derived organoid (PDO) cultures limit their effectiveness for clinical use. Here, Embedded Bioprinting-enabled Arrayed PDOs (Eba-PDOs) featuring uniformly arrayed colorectal cancer (CRC) PDOs within a recreated TME is presented. This model faithfully reproduces critical TME attributes, including elevated matrix stiffness (≈7.

Enhanced Long-Term In-Sensing Memory in ZnO Nanoparticle-Based Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices Through Thermal Treatment.

Two-terminal optoelectronic synaptic devices based on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated to investigate the effects of thermal annealing control (200 °C-500 °C) in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres on surface morphology, optical response, and synaptic functionality. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed improved grain growth and reduced surface roughness. At the same time, UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence confirmed a blue shift in the absorption edge and enhanced near-band-edge emission, particularly in nitrogen-annealed devices due to increased oxygen vacancies.

Functionalized extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine.

Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a safe and potent alternative to regenerative medicine in recent decades. Furthermore, the adjustment of EV functions has been recently enabled by certain stem cell preconditioning methods, providing an exceptional opportunity to enhance the therapeutic potential or confer additional functions of stem cell-derived EVs. In this review, we discuss the recent progress of functionalized EVs, based on stem cell preconditioning, for treating various organ systems, such as the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, integumentary system, cardiovascular system, renal system, and respiratory system.

Memory Devices with HfO Charge-Trapping and TiO Channel Layers: Fabrication via Remote and Direct Plasma Atomic Layer Deposition and Comparative Performance Evaluation.

With the improvement of integration levels to several nanometers or less, semiconductor leakage current has become an important issue, and oxide-based semiconductors, which have replaced Si-based channel layer semiconductors, have attracted attention. Herein, we fabricated capacitors with a metal-insulator-semiconductor-metal structure using HfO thin films deposited at 240 °C and TiO thin films deposited at 300 °C via remote plasma (RP) and direct plasma (DP) atomic layer deposition and analyzed the effects of the charge-trapping and semiconducting properties of these films. Charge-trapping memory (CTM) devices with HfO (charge-trapping layer) and TiO (semiconductor) films were fabricated and characterized in terms of their memory properties.

Steady-state data-driven dynamic stability assessment in the Korean power system.

The extensive research on dynamic security assessment stability prediction has focused on data preprocessing techniques to improve accuracy because it was assumed that high-resolution postfault data exist. For practical users, the acquisition and application of high-resolution measurement data present significant challenges. Installing phasor measurement units on all power system nodes is deemed impractical due to high costs.

Controlling the All-Solid Surface Reaction Between an LiAlTi(PO) Electrolyte and Anode Through the Insertion of Ag and AlO Nano-Interfacial Layers.

Solid-state lithium batteries are considered ideal due to the safety of solid-state electrolytes. The Na superionic conductor-type LiAlTi(PO) (LATP) is a solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, low cost, and stability. However, LATP is reduced upon contact with metallic lithium, leading to lithium dendrite growth on the anode during charging.

High-Mobility All-Transparent TFTs with Dual-Functional Amorphous IZTO for Channel and Transparent Conductive Electrodes.

The increasing demand for advanced transparent and flexible display technologies has led to significant research in thin-film transistors (TFTs) with high mobility, transparency, and mechanical robustness. In this study, we fabricated all-transparent TFTs (AT-TFTs) utilizing amorphous indium-zinc-tin-oxide (a-IZTO) as a dual-functional material for both the channel layer and transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). The a-IZTO was deposited using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, with its composition adjusted for both channel and electrode functionality.

The Potential Clinical Utility of the Customized Large Language Model in Gastroenterology: A Pilot Study.

The large language model (LLM) has the potential to be applied to clinical practice. However, there has been scarce study on this in the field of gastroenterology. Aim: This study explores the potential clinical utility of two LLMs in the field of gastroenterology: a customized GPT model and a conventional GPT-4o, an advanced LLM capable of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).