Metabolic versatility enables acetogens to colonize ruminants with diet-driven niche partitioning.

Enteric methane emissions are energy losses from farmed ruminants and contribute to global warming. Diverting electrons and H2 flow toward beneficial fermentation products would mitigate ruminal methane emissions while improving feed efficiency. Acetogens can direct H2 and electrons to acetate production via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, but methanogens have more competitive H2 affinities.

Microbiome-host co-oscillation patterns in shaping ruminal ecosystem from birth to puberty in a goat model.

The maturation of the gastrointestinal tract and its interconnected microbial consortia in various ruminant species is essential for their survival and productivity, as this symbiotic group plays a key role in metabolizing phyto-derived feeds into bioavailable nutrients. The rumen mucosa serves as a crucial conduit for complex host-microbiota interplay, while scarce knowledge is available regarding their co-oscillation patterns from birth to puberty. Here, we characterized th overall interaction of five age groups, from 1-day-old to 90-day-old goats.

Mixed Ensiling Increases Degradation Without Altering Attached Microbiota Through Ruminal Incubation Technique.

Mixed silage can disrupt the girder structure of rape straw, and thus facilitate ruminal degradation. Further investigation is warranted to validate this observation in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the degradation kinetics and bacterial colonization of mixed silage during digestion using an ruminal incubation technique.

Direct-fed microbials optimize ruminal fermentation, microbial ecosystem and milk quality to enhance the lactation performance of Sanhe dairy cows.

The growing global population and rising living standards require a higher supply of dairy products. Dairy cows are the most important source of milk production, with billions of microorganisms present in the rumen. This study aims to assess the impact of direct-fed microbials (DFMs) containing Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbial composition, and lactation performance in dairy cows.

Nutriomics-specific chromatogram of aromatic herbs to mitigate methane emission through in vitro ruminal fermentation.

Methane is considered as a potent greenhouse gas, emitted from ruminants through enteric fermentation. Several methane mitigation strategies have been proposed and reported, however, role of aromatic herbs and their bioactive components on reduction of methane is still unclear. Mint (Mentha canadensis L.

Multi-omics analysis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying colostral immunoglobulin G absorption in the gut of neonatal goat kids.

Early colostrum feeding facilitates the passive transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG), which contributes to the defensive establishment of neonates; however, the molecular mechanisms of IgG absorption in the small intestine of neonatal mammals remain largely unknown. In this study, a total of 16 neonatal goat kids with similar body weight (2.05 ± 0.

Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of silage by introducing and lactic acid bacteria consortia.

Introduction: As a low-cost, high-fibre biomass resource, (reed) has significant potential for feed applications, particularly as a partial replacement for conventional roughage in ruminant diets.

Methods: This study investigated the effects of integrating ( BNCC109047) with homofermentative/ heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia on the fermentation and nutritional quality of (reed) silage. Five treatments were evaluated: a Control (CK, without inoculum) and four inoculants-LAB (1.

Fat-rich diet promotes microbiome-dependent ATP synthesis in sheep model.

Background: The ketogenic diet that forces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by beta-oxidation of fatty acids instead of carbohydrate glycolysis, has gained consensus on host metabolism. However, the mechanisms how a ketogenic diet alters gastrointestinal microbiome and its downstream consequences on microbial nutrient availability and energy metabolism remain to be elucidated. Here, we used the sheep model fed with fat-rich diet to evaluate the symbiotic microbiome across three regions of the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, ileum, and colon) to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbial energy metabolism and microbe-mediated ATP biosynthesis.

Mitigating enteric methane emissions: An overview of methanogenesis, inhibitors and future prospects.

Enteric methane emissions account for approximately 17% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and represent 2% to 12% of energy losses from energy intake in ruminants. To reduce these emissions and accelerate the achievement of carbon neutrality, it is critical to understand the factors driving methanogenesis in the rumen and develop effective methane mitigation strategies. Methanogenesis inhibitors, when used in conjunction with nutritional and breeding management strategies, are widely regarded as effective additives for optimizing rumen function, enhancing nutrient utilization and reducing enteric methane emissions.

Dietary selection of distinct gastrointestinal microorganisms drives fiber utilization dynamics in goats.

Background: Dietary fiber is crucial to animal productivity and health, and its dynamic utilization process is shaped by the gastrointestinal microorganisms in ruminants. However, we lack a holistic understanding of the metabolic interactions and mediators of intestinal microbes under different fiber component interventions compared with that of their rumen counterparts. Here, we applied nutritional, amplicon, metagenomic, and metabolomic approaches to compare characteristic microbiome and metabolic strategies using goat models with fast-fermentation fiber (FF) and slow-fermentation fiber (SF) dietary interventions from a whole gastrointestinal perspective.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Outperforms Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing in Analyzing Pancreatic Cell Diversity and Gene Expression in Goats.

The objective of this study was to determine whether single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) or single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was more effective for studying the goat pancreas. Pancreas tissues from three healthy 10-day-old female were processed into single-cell and single-nucleus suspensions. These suspensions were then used to compare cellular composition and gene expression levels following library construction and sequencing.

Immunological response enhancement in cows with subclinical mastitis fed diet supplemented with .

Introduction: The present study explored the immune response, milk production and health status of mastitis-infected lactating cows fed diets supplemented with Macleaya cordata extract.

Methods: Twenty-four Holstein and Jersey cows were equally assigned to two experimental groups: the first group was fed a control diet (control), and the second experimental group was fed a control diet plus Macleaya extract at 8 g/head/d (Macleaya). The experiment was conducted for 60 days.

Anti-Nutritional Factors of Plant Protein Feeds for Ruminants and Methods for Their Elimination.

In recent years, the rapid development of the ruminant feeding industry and the limited availability and rising prices of traditional protein feed ingredients have renewed the focus on protein feeds in ruminant diets. Plant protein feeds are a core component of protein feeds for ruminants; however, the utilisation of both conventional and non-conventional plant protein feeds is limited by the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). In order to maximise the use of plant protein feeds and to promote their application in ruminant production, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the types and nature of their ANFs, their anti-nutritional mechanisms, and current effective methods of eliminating ANFs.

Cooling redistributed endotoxin across different biofluids via modulating the ruminal microbiota and metabolome without altering quorum sensing signal levels in heat-stressed beef bulls.

Background: Cooling is one of the most common and economical methods to ameliorate heat stress (HS), and it has been discovered to alter the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin level in ruminants. However, whether the endotoxin variation induced by cooling relates to the quorum sensing (QS) within the ruminal microflora remains unknown. The current study was consequently performed to examine whether cooling could influence the endotoxin distribution across different biofluids, ruminal microbiota, and ruminal metabolisms through affecting the QS of rumen microorganisms in beef cattle exposed to HS.

Leveraging Gastrointestinal Microbiota‒Host Co-oscillation Patterns for Improving Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Ruminants: A Review.

Improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in ruminant livestock is vital for feeding a growing global population and lowering environmental pollution. The rumen and intestine harbor distinct epithelial structures and biogeographically stratified microbiota, and their co-oscillation assemblage patterns fulfill the pivotal role of metabolizing dietary nitrogen into bioavailable nutrients in ruminants. There is cursory evidence to suggest that an increased understanding of the spatial gastrointestinal microbiota‒host interactions will aid in the development of nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.

Evaluating the potential of fermented bakery by-products as a replacement for corn gluten feed in cattle diets to suppress methanogenesis and alter rumen fermentation in growing Holstein bulls.

Both corn gluten feed and bakery by-products are important alternative concentrate feedstuffs for ruminants. Bakery by-products, which are rich in ether extract (EE) and starch, have the potential to be utilized as concentrate feedstuffs for ruminants, with a capacity to reduce ruminal methanogenesis. In the study, fermented corn gluten feed (FCG) and fermented bakery by-products (FBP) were mixed with other feedstuffs to formulate FCG and FBP diets, respectively.

Rumen-protected methionine and lysine supplementation to the low protein diet improves animal growth through modulating colonic microbiome in lambs.

Background: Dietary protein level and amino acid (AA) balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity. Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to improve the growth performance of ruminants. The colon serves as a crucial conduit for nutrient metabolism during rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) and rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) supplementation, however, it has been challenging to clarify which specific microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in this process.

The impact of rumen microbial composition on apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and metabolism in Sanhe cows and Holstein cows of different parities under identical dietary conditions.

Previous studies have discussed the association between serum metabolism and lactation performance among Sanhe and Holstein cows of different parities and found that the metabolic profiles of these two breeds vary differently with parity. Since the rumen is the central organ for nutrient absorption and production transformation in dairy cows, it remains unknown whether the differences observed under the same dietary conditions are related to the structure of the rumen microbiome. This study measured the apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters of Sanhe cows (S1/S2/S3/S4) and Holstein cows (H1/H2/H3/H4) across four parities and generated a comprehensive rumen microbiome dataset using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Enhancing nutrient efficiency through optimizing protein levels in lambs: Involvement of gastrointestinal microbiota.

Improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of ruminants is of utmost significance for both economic and environmental benefits. Optimizing dietary protein levels represents a key nutritional strategy to enhance ruminant growth performance and reduce nitrogen emissions. In a 63-day experiment, 24 healthy Hulunbuir lambs (initial weight 17.

Long-term leucine supplementation increases body weight in goats by controlling appetite and muscle protein synthesis under protein-restricted conditions.

An inadequate amino acid (AA) supply in animals under protein-restricted conditions can slow skeletal muscle growth. Protein translation can be activated by short-term leucine (Leu) stimulation; however, whether muscle mass increases under long-term Leu supplementation and how the gut and muscle respond to Leu supplementation are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated if muscle mass increases with long-term Leu supplementation under protein-restricted conditions.

Wheat straw and alfalfa hay alone or combined in a high-concentrate diet alters microbial-host interaction in the rumen of lambs.

The inclusion of various forages in a normal forage-to-concentrate ratio has widely been reported to reveal the changes that occur in the foregut tissues. However, the mechanism by which the wheat straw, alfalfa hay, or both alter the orchestrated crosstalk of microbiome and host-transcriptome in the rumen of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet is elusive. Sixty-three Hulunbuir lambs were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups, and each dietary group had 3 pens with 7 lambs.

Reductive acetogenesis is a dominant process in the ruminant hindgut.

Background: The microbes residing in ruminant gastrointestinal tracts play a crucial role in converting plant biomass to volatile fatty acids, which serve as the primary energy source for ruminants. This gastrointestinal tract comprises a foregut (rumen) and hindgut (cecum and colon), which differ in structures and functions, particularly with respect to feed digestion and fermentation. While the rumen microbiome has been extensively studied, the cecal microbiome remains much less investigated and understood, especially concerning the assembling microbial communities and overriding pathways of hydrogen metabolism.

Physicochemical profiles of mixed ruminal microbes in response to surface tension and specific surface area.

Introduction: In ruminants, a symbiotic rumen microbiota is responsible for supporting the digestion of dietary fiber and contributes to health traits closely associated with meat and milk quality. A holistic view of the physicochemical profiles of mixed rumen microbiota (MRM) is not well-illustrated.

Methods: The experiment was performed with a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of the specific surface area (SSA: 3.

Inferring transcriptomic dynamics implicated in odor fatty acid accumulation in adipose tissue of Hulun Buir sheep from birth to market.

This study aimed to investigate the temporal accumulation of odor fatty acids (OFAs) in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and uncover their dynamic regulatory metabolic pathways from the transcriptomic perspective in lambs from birth to market. Thirty-two Hulun Buir lambs were selected and randomly assigned to four different sampling stages following their growth trajectories: neonatal (day 1), weaning (day 75), mid-fattening (day 150), and late-fattening (day 180) stages. Results indicated that the contents of three OFAs increased progressively as lambs matured, with the most drastic change occurred at mid-fattening vs.

Low expression of CCKBR in the acinar cells is associated with insufficient starch hydrolysis in ruminants.

Unlike monogastric animals, ruminants exhibit significantly lower starch digestibility in the small intestine. A better understanding of the physiological mechanisms that regulate digestion patterns in ruminants could lead to an increased use of starch concentrates. Here we show more robust pancreatic exocrine function in adult goats (AG) than in neonatal goats (NG) by combining scRNA-seq and proteomic analysis.