Tri-manual interaction in hybrid BCI-VR systems: integrating gaze, EEG control for enhanced 3D object manipulation.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) integration with virtual reality (VR) has progressed from single-limb control to multi-limb coordination, yet achieving intuitive tri-manual operation remains challenging. This study presents a consumer-grade hybrid BCI-VR framework enabling simultaneous control of two biological hands and a virtual third limb through integration of Tobii eye-tracking, NeuroSky single-channel EEG, and non-haptic controllers. The system employs e-Sense attention thresholds (>80% for 300 ms) to trigger virtual hand activation combined with gaze-driven targeting within 45° visual cones.

Selective Toluene Separation via π-π Interactions in Cobalt sql Network Rubber Composites.

Selective removal of aromatic contaminants from water matrices poses substantial difficulties in environmental remediation processes, necessitating sophisticated materials with discriminatory molecular recognition properties. Herein, we report a framework-elastomer hybrid membrane containing [Co(4-pmntd)(NO)] (4-pmntd represents ,'-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)naphthalene diimide) designed for effective toluene recovery from trace aqueous environments. Systematic structural analysis employing crystallographic diffraction, gas adsorption measurements, surface electron spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance elucidates the material's architectural characteristics and surface phenomena.

Optimization of 3-butenoic acid-modified polyalkenoic acid for enhanced glass ionomer cement performance.

Objective: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) suffer from mechanical limitations due to rigid intermolecular hydrogen bonding in polyalkenoic acid (PCA) that impedes ionic cross-linking during setting. This study examined how molecular weight and solution concentration of modified polyalkenoic acid (PCA) containing 3-butenoic acid (VA) spacers at 8 mol% concentration (PCA-VA-8) influence comprehensive GIC performance.

Methods: PCA-VA-8 polymers with varying molecular weights (5.

Genome-Wide Association Study and Candidate Gene Identification for Girth Traits in Rubber Tree.

As a key tropical economic tree species, the girth of the rubber tree () not only reflects its growth rate and timber yield but also determines tapping schedules and non-productive periods. This trait critically influences both the species' economic value and latex production potential. Despite recent advances in genetic analyses of girth driven by genomic technologies, the number of identified key genes remains insufficient to support molecular breeding programs.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Jackfruit Peel Carboxymethylcellulose/Graphene Oxide/Kaolin Composite Hydrogels.

This study presents an environmentally benign composite hydrogel system by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with carboxymethyl cellulose derived from jackfruit peel waste (JCMC), subsequently reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) and Kaolin nanoparticles for enhanced Congo red (CR) adsorption. The structural properties of the synthesized hydrogels were comprehensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis confirmed hydrogel formation through hydrogen bonding interactions, while XRD and SEM revealed the uniform dispersion of GO and Kaolin within the polymer matrix, resulting in an improved adsorption performance.

Self-Promoting Mechanism of Oxalic Acid in Ce-CN-Assisted Photocatalytic Ozonation for Water Treatment.

Small molecular carboxylic acids (SCAs) are common in natural waters, but their impact on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is understudied. This study investigates the effects of various carboxylic acids, such as oxalic acid (OA), formic acid (FA), acetic acid (AA), succinic acid (SA), and benzoic acid (BA), on a Ce single-atom-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Ce-CN) photocatalytic ozonation (PCO) system. Among the tested SCAs, only OA significantly promoted O activation and pollutant degradation.

Mechanisms of SNP and melatonin effects on antioxidant and chlorophyll metabolism in postharvest okra.

Okra fruit rapidly undergoes chemical deterioration after harvest, necessitating effective preservation strategies. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation combining transcriptomic analysis with biochemical assessment to elucidate how SNPs and MT affect antioxidant capacity and chlorophyll metabolism in okra. MT + SNP treatment most effectively preserved fruit quality by reducing weight loss, maintaining color parameters, decreasing oxidative stress markers (HO, MDA), and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, APX).

Thermodynamic equilibrium of the transitions between the closed and open forms of a spiropyran-based molecular switch monitored variable-temperature H NMR spectroscopy.

A benzothiazole spiropyran exhibited both photochromic and acid-chromic properties. variable-temperature H NMR spectroscopy, the equilibrium constants , Δ and Δ of the ring-closed to ring-opened transition were calculated as 10, 38.62 kJ mol and -5.

Tailoring Dual-Site Defect Passivation Molecules to Minimize Buried Interface Energy Loss for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The modification of interfaces in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve mitigation of carrier transport barriers and suppression of non-radiative recombination is essential for enhancing PSC efficiency and stability. In this study, two small dipole-functionalized molecules, 1,4-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzene and 1,4-di(thiazol-2-yl)benzene, were synthesized and effectively anchored onto perovskite surfaces via Lewis acid-base interactions to improve the quality of perovskite grain boundaries and reduce non-radiative recombination. The dual-passivation-site dipole-functionalized molecules strategically modulate the interfaces, establishing a gradient energy level alignment, that facilitates carrier extraction and transport.

Orthogonal signal-transducing electrochemical dual-aptasensor for ultrasensitive parallel detection of GP73 and AFP in serum.

Background: Golgi protein 73 (GP73) has emerged as a promising serological biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with its combination with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) substantially improving diagnostic precision in early-stage HCC detection. To address this clinical need, we constructed an electrochemical dual-aptasensor for parallel quantification of GP73&AFP.

Results: GP73 aptamer (GP73) functionalized with reduced graphene oxide-ferrocene-polyaniline (rGO-Fc-PANi) nanocomposites and AFP aptamer (AFP) conjugated with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide-cuprous oxide (NrGO-CuO) nanostructures were employed as the dual-signal probes.

Achieving Highly Roust Polymeric Microspheres with Efficient and Full-Color Organic Afterglow for 3D Printing and Anti-Counterfeiting.

In this work, highly robust polymer-based luminescent microspheres with efficient and full-color organic afterglow are developed for the first time. N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine, N-phenylphenanthren-9-amine, and N-phenyltriphenylen-2-amine are employed as guest luminogens and embedded into melamine-formaldehyde polymer matrices with compact and permanent three-dimensional (3D) covalent networks via host-guest doping and emulsion polymerization. The resulting polymeric microspheres, with a diameter of ≈2 µm, show blue to yellow-green organic afterglow at room temperature.

Integrated genome and transcriptome analysis reveals pathogenic mechanisms of Calonectria eucalypti in Eucalyptus leaf blight.

Background: Calonectria eucalypti is a destructive fungal pathogen causing Eucalyptus leaf blight in China and Indonesia. Despite its ecological and economic impact, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity remain largely unexplored.

Results: We assembled a high-quality 62.

Chiral Dominance in Supramolecular Co-assemblies via Cation-π Driven Stereochemical Locking.

Controlling supramolecular chirality in multicomponent systems remains a significant challenge due to competing stereochemical interactions. In this study, we report a case of competitive chiral dominance in binary co-assemblies composed of enantiomeric tartaric acid derivatives (a1 and a2) and enantiomeric pyridine derivatives (R/S-py). The dibenzoyl-substituted tartaric acid (a1) is capable of overriding the chirality of the co-assemblies by protonating the chiral pyridines to form pyridinium-carboxylate pairs.

Supernormal Stimulus Begging Calls of Brood-Parasitic Nestlings Depress the Parental Care in an Uncommon Host.

During the nestling period, brood-parasitic birds stimulate host parents to provide food through complex visual and auditory signals, including emitting supernormal stimuli in the form of begging calls to increase the feeding frequency. However, whether the begging calls of brood-parasitic nestlings act as a universal type of supernormal stimulus signal and their effects on less common host species still require further research. In this study, we used playback recordings to verify the impact of the begging calls of Common Cuckoo () nestlings on the parental care behavior of host Barn Swallow () parents.

Holocene climate change recorded of Milanggouwan and Dishaogouwan sedimentary profile in the Salawusu River Basin.

This paper investigates the MGS1 sedimentary profile and the DGS1 sedimentary profile (37° 41'-37° 45' N, 108° 29'-108° 35' E) to analyze the mean particle size (Mz), oxides and trace elements, chemical index of alteration (CIA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and their correlation with regional Holocene climate fluctuations in the Salawusu River Basin. The results demonstrate that the chemical element variations in MGS1 and DGS1 align with the aeolian dune facies, lacustrine facies, and paleosol. The climatic information reflected by oxides like SiO and trace elements like Sr shows temporal and spatial consistency, suggesting an obvious response to desert monsoon climate changes in northern China.

Construction of a co-reaction system for ethanol-promoted gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis by Pediococcus pentosaceus.

The biotransformation of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in microbial whole cells represents an ideal approach for biosynthesis of food-grade and pharmaceutical-grade GABA. To overcome the cell membrane barrier, enhance mass transfer efficiency in the whole-cell reaction system, and improve GABA biosynthesis efficiency, we established a novel ethanol-enhanced whole-cell biocatalytic co-reaction system through systematic investigations on the enzymatic characteristics of GAD in Pediococcus pentosaceus whole cells and the regulatory effects mediated by ethanol. The results showed that the optimal reaction pH and temperature for GAD in P.

The structural dimensions of adherence to ethnic traditional sports exercise prescription and the development of its scale.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a multidimensional adherence scale for ethnic traditional sports exercise prescriptions, specifically tailored for older adults in China. The scale was grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and was guided by the FITT-VP principles (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression).

Methods: The sample comprised 342 retired older adults (aged 55-80 years), with a mean age of 67.

A label-free fluorescence polarization technology for the detection of food additives.

A novel label-free fluorescence polarization (FP) assay utilizing bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) in conjunction with manganese dioxide nanosheets (MnO NS) has been developed for the simultaneous detection of glucose, choline and lactate. This method eliminated the need for antibodies, aptamers, or labeled dyes. The BSA NPs exhibit a weak FP signal, while the MnO NS significantly amplificates the FP signal of the BSA NPs.

Sodium percarbonate fuel-driven magnetic micromotor for rapid detection and efficient removal of tetracycline: Synergistic effect of oxygen vacancy and dissolved oxygen.

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) propelled by hydrogen peroxide (HO) fuel have garnered significant interest in sensitive colorimetric detection and rapid catalytic degradation of organic pollutants. However, their practical applications remain constrained by multiple limitations including toxic high-concentration HO requirements, sluggish Fe/Fe redox cycling, and secondary contamination risks from metal ion leaching. Herein, we rationally developed a novel magnetic tubular FeCu@NC/MnO micromotor through multistep fabrication using kapok-derived C microtubes as templates.

Rice Canopy Disease and Pest Identification Based on Improved YOLOv5 and UAV Images.

Traditional monitoring methods rely on manual field surveys, which are subjective, inefficient, and unable to meet the demand for large-scale, rapid monitoring. By using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to capture high-resolution images of rice canopy diseases and pests, combined with deep learning (DL) techniques, accurate and timely identification of diseases and pests can be achieved. We propose a method for identifying rice canopy diseases and pests using an improved YOLOv5 model (YOLOv5_DWMix).

()-edited petunia shows reduced seed germination, seed set, seed vigor, and growth.

Unlabelled: In this study, we evaluated the impact of editing the powdery mildew-susceptible gene in cv. 'Mirage Rose' using CRISPR/Cas9. We evaluated plant growth, seed physiology, pollen viability and germination, and gibberellin (GA)-associated gene expression.

The priming of visual picture cues on onomatopoeic processing of reduced-hearing students: An empirical study.

Onomatopoeia is the formation of a type of word that imitates its associated sound. Since onomatopoeic words involve sound, hearing-impaired students may have difficulty processing onomatopoeia. The purpose of this study was to examine whether visual cues can facilitate the processing of onomatopoeic words in hearing-impaired students.

Evaluating technology services: perspectives of parents and teachers of individuals with disabilities through an importance-performance analysis.

Purpose: Parents and teachers of individuals with disabilities have a critical role in the effectiveness of students' assistive technology (AT) services. However, research on their perceptions of AT and satisfaction with it is limited. The current study fills this gap by exploring the importance and performance of AT services as perceived by parents and teachers of individuals with disabilities, also examining the differences between their perceptions.

Effect of oxytocin on cardiovascular modulation in normal and post-traumatic stress disorder model rats.

Oxytocin (OXT) is associated with cardioprotective effects and shows to alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigates blood pressure and electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in anesthetized normal rats utilizing intravenous (iv) and intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of oxytocinergic agents. We also assessed the effects of cervical vagotomy on the cardiovascular responses to iv OXT.