Enantioselective Alkoxycarbonyl-Lactonization of Alkenes via the Merger of Photoredox and Copper Catalysis.

The synthesis of ester derivatives represents one of the most significant and fundamental tasks in modern organic chemistry, and numerous methods have been developed in both academic and industrial contexts. Among these, alkoxycarbonyl radical-mediated functionalization strategies have emerged as a highly efficient and versatile tool for the synthesis of these compounds. Despite the significant advancements in recent years, the radical-induced enantioselective alkoxycarbonylation reaction remains largely unexplored.

Uniaxial tensile material properties of adult Chinese dura mater: investigating the influence of age, sex, and anatomical site.

Objective: This study investigated the biomechanical properties of the dura mater from 29 Chinese adult donors (20 -86 years), focused on the influence of age, anatomical region, sex and loading direction, to establish Chinese population - specific material parameters for cranial finite element (FE) models and enhance forensic traumatic brain injury analysis.

Methods: In this study, a total of 275 dural specimens were prepared and categorized into young adult (20-44 years), middle aged (45-64 years), and elderly (≥65 years) cohorts. Samples were excised from frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions and tested uniaxially in sagittal and coronal directions, with strain measured via digital image correlation (DIC) techniques.

Streptomyces cyclosori sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium from the rhizosphere soil of Cyclosorus parasiticus (L.) Farw.

A novel actinobacterium strain cg36, from the rhizosphere of Cyclosorus parasiticus, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain cg36 shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Streptomyces lavendofoliae NBRC 12882. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain cg36 formed a distinct branch within the genus Streptomyces.

Dual Reconstructions of Iron Phosphates/Molybdates on Nickel Foams with Disparate Dynamics for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

For NiFe-based precatalysts, there is a general consensus that they will undergo reconstruction to generate NiFe (oxy)hydroxides as real active sites during the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the current understanding of the reconstruction process is still far from satisfactory. Herein, iron phosphates/molybdates on nickel foams (FPM/NF, = 5, 7, 10, 20) were prepared via a coprecipitation method, where although both MoO and PO undergo anion exchange during the activation process, i.e.

Initial Characteristics of Gas Desorption in High-Rank Soft and Hard Coals and the Causes of the Differences.

To study the initial characteristics of gas desorption in high-rank soft and hard coals, a purpose-built constant-temperature gas desorption device was used to conduct gas desorption experiments on three groups of collected high-rank soft and hard coal samples. The results show that the gas desorption index ( ) of drill cuttings from soft and hard coals follows a power function relationship with the adsorption equilibrium pressure. Under the same adsorption equilibrium pressure, the gas desorption index ( ) of drill cuttings from soft coal is 1.

School bullying and depression in Chinese primary and secondary school students after the COVID-19: mediating effect of academic anxiety and moderating effect of home-school cooperation.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between school bullying, depression, academic anxiety, and home-school cooperation among Chinese primary and secondary school students, with a focus on promoting students' mental wellbeing in the post-COVID-19 era.

Methods: A survey was conducted among 3,600 Chinese primary and secondary school students using the Depression Scale, School Bullying Scale, Academic Anxiety Scale, and Home-School Cooperation Scale. A total of 3,341 students were selected as research subjects to examine the mediating and moderating mechanisms of academic anxiety and home-school cooperation in the relationship between school bullying and depression.

[ regulates manganese accumulation in ].

Stresses induced by the deficiency or excess of trace mineral elements, such as manganese (Mn), represent a common limiting factor for the production of crops like . To identify key genes involved in Mn allocation in . and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a member of the metal tolerance protein (MTP) family obtained in the previous screening of cDNA library of .

Inequality in opportunities for utilizing community-based care services among the elderly in China - an analysis based on the "circumstance-effort" perspective.

Based on the "circumstance-effort" framework of inequality of opportunity, this study utilizes microdata from the 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), employing the ex-ante parametric estimation method and the Shapley decomposition approach to empirically measure the level of opportunity inequality in the utilization of community-based care services among the elderly, as well as the contribution and transmission pathways of various influencing factors. Key findings include: ① The levels of opportunity inequality in overall community-based care services, and their subcategories-medical care, daily-life assistance, and emotional support-range between 0.168 and 0.

Designing non-volatile ferroelectric control of magnetic order in multiferroic InSe/bilayer FeCl/InSeheterostructure.

The ferroelectric (FE) control of magnetism is of great importance for designing non-volatile, low-power-consumption memories. Existing studies mostly focus on monolayer ferromagnets, lacking exploration of spin-split mechanisms in bilayer antiferromagnets and multifunctional devices. Here, a two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure (HS) with bilayer A-type antiferromagnet 1T-FeClsandwiched between FE InSewas proposed to investigate the electronic structure using first-principles calculations.

Study on the mechanism of anchoring parameters of anchor rods in cemented broken surrounding rock.

In view of the difficulty of rock mass crushing and support on the surface of deep soft rock roadway with high stress, RMT-150 C rock mechanics experiment system was used to carry out the orthogonal test for sensitivity analysis of rock bolt support parameters of cemented broken rock mass. Through numerical simulation, the relationship between bolt parameters and the form and range of the formed compressive stress field was studied. The evolution law of interfacial shear stress in the anchorage section at the stage of elastic deformation is obtained.

Effect of emotion on hawk-dove game for two players with different strength.

Players' emotion greatly affect their behaviors in conflicts but is usually ignored in current Hawk-Dove games. To describe the game more realistically, a strength gap is defined as a difference between two players' strength coefficients and is employed to propose an asymmetric hawk-dove game. A rank-dependent expected utility theory is also employed to describe the effects of players' emotion on their decisions.

Environmental policy and corporate green innovation: The role of penalties, taxes, and subsidies in China.

Environmental penalties (EP), environmental protection taxes (ET), and environmental subsidies (ES) are key components of China's environmental regulatory framework, yet their combined and individual effects on corporate green innovation (CGI) remain poorly understood. This study investigates the direct and interactive effects of these policy instruments using panel data from A-share listed firms between 2008 and 2021. We find that: (1) ET and ES significantly stimulate both substantive and strategic green innovation, while EP has a counterproductive effect on substantive innovation; (2) EP exacerbates corporate financing constraints, ET promotes environmental investments, and ES strengthens internal green governance practices, each influencing innovation outcomes differently; (3) There is a substitution effect between EP and ET, while no significant interaction is observed between other policy pairs; (4) Heterogeneity tests show that technology-intensive firms are more responsive to ET and ES, while non-technology-intensive firms are more sensitive to EP.

Efficient and stable electro-Fenton treatment of antibiotics-containing wastewater over NiFe bimetal atom catalyst via flow-through micro-nanoscale spatial confinement system.

The engineering application of electro-Fenton process is subject to limited availability of •OH caused by mass transfer limitation and the short lifetime of •OH in water. In this study, an efficient electro-Fenton treatment process is developed by constructing a flow-through micro-nanoscale spatial confinement electrode with NiFe bimetal atom catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The NiN-FeN active sites are anchored onto carbon nanotubes grown in the tunnel of carbonized pine wood (NiFe-NCNTs-CP).

The double-edged sword of internet use in China's aging population: thresholds, mediation and digital health policy.

Background: Amid global aging and digital transformation, the dual effects of Internet use on health-its potential benefits and risks-remain a subject of debate. This study investigates the threshold effects of Internet use, the mediating role of physical activity, and the implications for digital health policy in China, revealing a compensation-vulnerability paradox among disadvantaged groups.

Methods: The data were drawn from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a nationally representative sample comprising 7,308 adults aged ≥45.

A Study on Three-Dimensional Flexible Mesh Influence on the Stability of Reserved Tunnels in Cemented Backfill.

Ordinary backfill has characteristics such as low compressive strength, low tensile strength, and easy bending, which cannot meet the stability requirements of reserved tunnels, but three-dimensional flexible mesh can be added to improve it. In this paper, mechanical characteristics and displacement were taken as the evaluation index, an optimal three-dimensional flexible mesh was studied by a laboratory experiment of small samples, then backfill with a reserved roadway was used to carry out a large-sample similarity simulation experiment, and finally, a numerical simulation was carried out. The research shows that the three-dimensional flexible mesh had a strengthening effect on the backfill, especially on the tensile strength and shear strength of the backfill.

Surface amorphization enables robust catalyst for industrial-level low-potential electrooxidation reactions.

Electrooxidation of pollutants at potentials near or below the thermodynamic hydrogen evolution potential offers transformative opportunities for energy-efficient pollutant valorization and diverse energy devices. However, existing catalysts suffer from rapid deactivation due to the inevitable overoxidation. Herein, we present an amorphous phosphorus-doped CoFe₂O₄ catalyst that achieves industrial-level current densities (1 A cm⁻²) at ultralow potentials (0.

Comparative effectiveness of statins and exercise in high-risk individuals: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Arterial stiffness (AS) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and relates to multiple factors. But the best interventions for AS in high-risk CVD groups are unknown. This review focuses on how different interventions affect AS and related indicators.

The preparation impairs the reinterpretation: insights from EEG-based multivariate pattern analysis.

Reinterpretation is one of the primary reappraisal tactics crucial for psychological well-being in emotion regulation (ER). However, it remains unclear how preparatory brain activity influences the temporal dynamics of ER during reinterpretation. Thirty-four young adults involving an adapted ER task, downregulated their negative emotional experiences through reinterpretation.

Mindfulness and self-rated performance among novice athletes in China: a sequential mediating role of flow and cognitive anxiety.

Purpose: This study explores the relationship between mindfulness, flow, cognitive anxiety, and self-rated performance in competitive sports, moving away from traditional cognitive-behavioral principles to investigate mindfulness-based interventions, specifically mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions (MABI). The research is centered on understanding how mindfulness relates to the self-rated performance, flow experiences, and cognitive anxiety in novice athletes.

Methods: Convenience sampling and snowball sampling were employed to collect cross-sectional data from 315 participants in Changsha, China, during August and September 2023.

Exploring the associations between work addiction, emotional intelligence, psychological detachment, and interpersonal conflicts in young employees.

Introduction: Work addiction is a growing concern in modern workplaces, particularly among young employees who face intense competition, high performance expectations, and limited work experience. These challenges not only strain their emotional intelligence and psychological detachment but also intensify interpersonal conflicts, negatively impacting workplace dynamics and well-being. This study explores the associations between work addiction, emotional intelligence, psychological detachment, and interpersonal conflicts, providing a deeper understanding of these interconnected factors among young employees.

Photo-uncaging of a ferrocene-bridged dinuclear iridium(iii) complex for three-photon photoimmunotherapy against hypoxic melanoma.

The complexity of solid tumors in terms of light scattering, oxygen insufficiency, and redox imbalance complicates the strategic design of photoactivated therapy. In this work, an unprecedented photoactivated homolysis process of ferrocene is driven by the photochemistry of a conjugated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complex upon 970 nm three-photon excitation, exhibiting photo-uncaging, biocatalysis, and an ROS storm all in one moiety. Trapping assays, ultrafast spectroscopy, and DFT calculations reveal the release of Fe ions, the location of carbon-centered radicals, and the essential single electron transfer (SET) process for their generation.

Numerical study on the effect of pile shape and loading direction on the lateral response of displacement pile in sand.

Several finite element numerical simulations were conducted on laterally loaded piles in Geba sand to investigate how pile shape, loading direction, and pile length impact lateral load transfer curves and pile-soil interaction. The stress-strain behavior of Geba sand was defined using the hypoplastic constitutive model within the finite element software via the UMAT subroutine. The accuracy of the finite element model was confirmed through a comparison with the centrifuge test findings from prior research.

Single-Entity Resolution Single-Cell Nanosensor Reveals Reactive Oxygen Species at Stress Granules Are Formed by Interfacial Redox Chemistry.

The electrochemical activities of biomolecular condensates represent a new fundamental functioning mechanism in biochemistry and cell biology. However, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism and the interfacial field-dependent chemical activities remains limited. This is due to the lack of technology to probe such activities in real time and at a single-condensate level.

Extract of camellia seed cake ameliorates glycolipid metabolism disorder in mice through inhibiting ACOX1 activity.

Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) plays a key role in glycolipid metabolism disorders. Camellia seed cake, a byproduct of oil production, was identified as a source of ACOX1 inhibitors. Under optimized conditions (58 % ethanol, 70 °C, 62 min), the extract exhibited an 83.

Symmetry-breaking-engineered in-plane bulk photovoltaic effect in van der Waals WS/CrOCl heterostructure.

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), arising from symmetry breaking, has potential to attain conversion efficiencies which surpass Shockley-Queisser limit. Here, we achieve in-plane BPVE in WS/CrOCl heterostructure, attributed to broken-symmetry interfaces by stacking the WS onto anisotropic CrOCl. The breaking symmetry is evidenced by the asymmetric second harmonic generation and angle dependent Raman spectra.