European survey on metabolic and cardiovascular risk in Cushing syndrome.

Background: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and morbidities. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of these issues in active or remitted CS are not available, so best practice is derived from guidelines developed for the general population. We aimed to evaluate the awareness and practice variation for CV comorbidities of CS across Reference Centres (RCs) of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN).

Artificial intelligence-assisted assessment of metabolic response to tebentafusp in metastatic uveal melanoma: a long axial field-of-view [F]FDG PET/CT study.

Purpose: Tebentafusp has emerged as the first systemic therapy to significantly prolong survival in treatment-naïve HLA-A*02:01 + patients with unresectable or metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Notably, a survival benefit has been observed even in the absence of radiographic response. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and prognostic value of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted quantification and metabolic response assessment of [F]FDG long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT in mUM patients undergoing tebentafusp therapy.

Subclinical hypomania, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses: phenotypic and aetiological overlap.

Background: Subclinical hypomanic symptoms are fairly common in the general population but are linked to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. However, the genetic and environmental origins of these associations are unclear. This twin study examined the phenotypic and aetiological associations between subclinical hypomania and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses.

Gut microbial production of imidazole propionate drives Parkinson's pathologies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiome in PD, with microbial metabolites proposed as potential pathological mediators. However, the specific microbes and metabolites involved, and whether gut-derived metabolites can reach the brain to directly induce neurodegeneration, remain unclear.

Beyond supergenes: the diverse roles of inversions in trait evolution.

Chromosomal inversions are ubiquitous across the Tree of Life, with genome-wide studies revealing a bias toward smaller inversions, yet research has disproportionately focused on large, supergene-like inversions linked to discrete phenotypes. This limits our understanding of inversions' roles in trait evolution, as their size affects their potential functional impact. Investigation of smaller inversions and multi-inversion genotypes is crucial to elucidate their role in shaping continuous traits and evolutionary adaptation.

Prevalence and importance of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure and reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction.

Aims: We investigated the prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and its association with severity of heart failure in patients with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF and HFmrEF).

Method: Patients with stable, symptomatic heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% were enrolled. Data collection included physical examination, blood samples, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity, echocardiography and adenosine-based transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to assess coronary flow reserve (CFR).

Feasibility of an online nutrition intervention to improve adherence to healthy and sustainable diets in young Australian adults: protocol for a pilot pre-post intervention study.

Introduction: Current diets which are commonly high in meat and ultra-processed foods are unhealthy and unsustainable and contribute significantly to climate change, environmental degradation and poor health outcomes. Transitioning to healthy and sustainable diets that are rich in plant-based foods and low in animal products could reduce environmental impacts and improve population health. Young Australian adults are a critical target group for dietary intervention as they are motivated towards climate action and have the lowest diet quality out of all adult age groups.

The expanding clinical utility of blood neurofilament light chain (bNfL): a multi-disciplinary diagnostic tool.

Background: The protein neurofilament light chain in blood (bNfL) has become a valuable biomarker in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of neurological diseases. However, its potential use beyond neurology in routine clinical practice remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine the clinical utility of bNfL by investigating its expanding use (i) assessing its integration into in- and outpatient routine practice, (ii) both within and outside of academic hospitals, and (iii) across different medical disciplines and various departments.

Trends In Reported Outcomes For Growth Hormone Therapy In Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Objective: To understand the frequency and trends in reported outcomes of safety and effectiveness for recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in seven English and Chinese language databases. Eligibility criteria included all studies published between 2003 and 2022, with participants who started rhGH before the age of 16 years for GHD.

Prognostic Value of A/T/N Biomarkers: Comparing Plasma and Imaging Modalities in Alzheimer Disease.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β plaques (A), tau tangles (T), and neurodegeneration (N), collectively defining the ATN framework. While imaging biomarkers are well-established, the prognostic value of plasma biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline remains underexplored. This study compares plasma and imaging A/T/N biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline and evaluate the impact of combining biomarkers across modalities.

How do I implement a whole blood program with low blood wastage?

Background: The use of low-titer O whole blood (LTOWB) is requested in the treatment of major bleeding, initially used in military medicine but now increasingly utilized in civilian prehospital care. The advantage is the administration of a balanced transfusion, red blood cells, coagulation factors, and platelets, in one bag. The challenges are the availability of LTOWB and difficulties in predicting the need in major bleeding, leading to the risk of wastage.

Prehospital Treatment With Dried Plasma in Patients With Major Bleeding-A Prospective Randomised Controlled Multicentre Trial: Statistical Analysis Protocol.

Background: Major haemorrhage remains one of the most preventable causes of early death in prehospital care. While prehospital administration of plasma has shown potential to improve survival, logistical challenges limit its use outside hospitals. Dried plasma offers a practical solution, particularly in rural or remote environments.

Pharmacokinetics of Racemic Eflornithine in Human Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid: Clinical Perspectives for L-eflornithine Against Human African Trypanosomiasis.

Intravenous dosing of L- and D-eflornithine in a racemic mixture is a currently recommended late-stage gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (g-HAT) treatment, either as 14-day monotherapy or in combination with oral nifurtimox for seven days. However, an oral eflornithine treatment against late-stage g-HAT would be preferable. Pharmacokinetics of eflornithine are enantioselective with different oral absorption of the enantiomers.

Association between FDG- and TSPO-PET signals across human and animal studies investigating neurodegenerative conditions: a systematic review.

Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET hypometabolism is considered a biomarker of neurodegeneration. However, recent evidence revealed that glial cells contribute to the FDG-PET signal. In this context, microglial changes have been evaluated with 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-PET radiopharmaceuticals.

Predictors of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Efficacy Results from the Swedish Optimal SLT Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of potential predictor variables on selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) efficacy in the Swedish Optimal SLT (OSLT) trial.

Design: Post hoc analysis of a multicenter, masked, randomized controlled trial.

Subjects: 512 eyes from 399 patients enrolled in the OSLT trial.

A Phase 1b Randomized Clinical Trial of AZD5642 and Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Moderate Renal Impairment.

AZD5462 is the first oral selective relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 agonist in clinical development. The aim of this mechanistic study is to investigate the renal effects of AZD5462 when administered on top of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in participants with heart failure and moderate renal impairment. AURORA is a phase 1b, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2-centre study of AZD5462 on top of dapagliflozin as standard of care in 2 arms.

Reduction of carbonic anhydrase activity is associated with amelioration of obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: The carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme plays an important role in the equilibration of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate (HCO) under the production of H ions. Emerging evidence suggest that CA activity may play a fundamental regulatory role on respiratory control mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Clinical trials suggest that CA inhibitors significantly reduce OSA.

Effectiveness of the FIBROWALK multicomponent therapy in online and outdoor formats for fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial (The On&Out study).

This study evaluated the effectiveness of FIBROWALK multicomponent intervention, delivered online (FIBRO-On) or outdoors (FIBRO-Out), compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing fibromyalgia (FM) severity measured by FIQR, which assesses functional impairment, symptom intensity, and overall impact. A total of 225 individuals with FM were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of FIBRO-On (plus TAU), FIBRO-Out (plus TAU), or TAU alone. Assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-intervention (6 weeks), post-intervention (12 weeks), and 6-months (3 months post-intervention).

Preoperative knee laxity is not associated with subjective knee function or revision surgery after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An analysis of 5425 patients.

Purpose: To determine whether preoperative knee laxity, as measured by the KT-1000 arthrometer, was associated with subjective knee function preoperatively and at 1, 2 and 5 years, or with revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) within 5 years of the primary surgery.

Methods: Patients who underwent primary ACLR using a hamstring tendon autograft at the Capio Artro Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2018, and had no associated ligament injuries, were identified. The KT-1000 arthrometer (134-N) was used to assess knee laxity preoperatively.

Thresholds for minimum clinically important difference, minimal important change and patient acceptable symptom state for the ACL-RSI and the K-SES in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to calculate and provide Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds, Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID), and Minimal Important Change (MIC) values for the ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale and the Knee Self-Efficacy Scale (K-SES) in patients treated with ACL reconstruction.

Method: Data were extracted from a rehabilitation specific registry, Project ACL. The registry prospectively collects patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Use of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma patients aged >65 years: a population-based study by the Nordic Myeloma Study Group.

Not available.

From Recruitment to Retirement: Research Infrastructure Staff Views on the Diversification of Scientific Career Paths at Universities in Sweden in 2024.

Background: There is an ongoing need to develop diverse career paths that support the vital contributions of staff scientists, research engineers, scientific officers, and other knowledge professionals in scientific discovery. Research infrastructures and core facilities have a particular need to support sustainable and diverse careers, as they either employ - if being a legal entity - or daily manage research professionals in a broad variety of roles to enable resources, services, and innovation.

Methods: In 2019, a survey of the facility staff at SciLifeLab, a large national research infrastructure in Sweden, led to a recommendation for universities to develop career paths for their staff scientists.

An Area-Level Study on Paediatric Burn Injuries and Their Association With Parental Education.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the association between young children receiving hospital treatment for burn injuries and their parents' education levels.

Method: A retrospective register study collected data using diagnostic codes (T20-T25 and T29) for children seeking emergency medical care for burn injuries between 2018 and 2022. T20-T25 and T29 refer to burn injuries, where each number specifies the affected body region.

Applying Deep Learning to Quantify Drivers of Long-Term Ecological Change in a Swedish Marine Protected Area.

In this study, we trained an object-detection model to classify 17 benthic invertebrate taxa in archived footage of a study site on the northern west coast of Sweden (a wall section of the Koster Fjord) within the Swedish marine protected area Kosterhavet National Park. The model displayed a mean average precision score of 0.738 and was applied to footage from 1997 to 2023, generating a dataset of 72,369 occurrence records.