Trends In Reported Outcomes For Growth Hormone Therapy In Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Objective: To understand the frequency and trends in reported outcomes of safety and effectiveness for recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in seven English and Chinese language databases. Eligibility criteria included all studies published between 2003 and 2022, with participants who started rhGH before the age of 16 years for GHD.

The Effectiveness of Novel e-Health Applications for the Management of Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Greece.

: The prevalence of childhood obesity has recently increased, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, owing to lifestyle changes as a result of public health regulations and guidelines introduced by governments worldwide. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of novel e-Health applications in addressing childhood obesity prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. : The study was conducted as part of the four-year European project BigO (Horizon2020, No.

International Consensus Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine Complications of β and α Thalassemia in Children and Adolescents.

β thalassemia (βT) and α thalassemia (αT) are chronic hemolytic anemias caused by hereditary defects in the β or α chains of hemoglobin, respectively. According to the clinical picture, both forms of thalassemia are subdivided into minor, intermedia, or major. Previous guidelines focused on growth and endocrine dysfunctions in βT major, where the complications reported are consequences of iron toxicity.

Predicting treatment outcome in congenital adrenal hyperplasia using urine steroidomics and machine learning.

Objective: Treatment monitoring of individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) remains unsatisfactory. Comprehensive 24 h urine steroid profiling provides detailed insight into adrenal steroid pathways. We investigated whether 24 h urine steroid profiling can predict treatment control in children and adolescents with CAH using machine learning (ML).

Exploring Metabolic Signatures: Unraveling the Association with Obesity in Children and Adolescents.

Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern. Metabolomics, the comprehensive study of metabolites within biological systems, offers a powerful approach to better define the phenotype and understand the complex biochemical alterations associated with obesity. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge in the field of metabolomics in childhood obesity and to identify metabolic signatures or biomarkers associated with overweight/obesity (Ov/Ob) and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) in children and adolescents.

Behavioral Change Through Serious Gaming Approaches for Childhood Obesity Interventions.

Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue that can lead to a variety of physical and mental health implications. Serious games offer an innovative approach to address this challenge by reinforcing behaviors through interactive components. In this work, we explore the potential of serious games as a tool for facilitating behavior change in interventions to address childhood obesity.

Obesity- and High-Fat-Diet-Induced Neuroinflammation: Implications for Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction and Endothelial Disorders.

Obesity is a multifactorial condition linked to severe health complications, including cardiovascular diseases and endothelial dysfunction. Both obesity and high-fat diets (HFDs) are strongly associated with neuroinflammation, particularly in the hypothalamus. The autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary physiological processes, is critical for maintaining cardiovascular health, and its dysfunction is implicated in endothelial disorders.

Unveiling the Link: Obesity, Diet, Hypothalamic Inflammation, and Central Precocious Puberty - Recent Insights and Implications.

Background: Childhood obesity is on the rise globally, raising concerns among the medical community. The phenomenon is closely linked to high-fat diets. Concurrently, the prevalence of central precocious puberty (CPP) is increasing.

Improvement in Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity Following the Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Personalized Lifestyle Intervention Program.

: Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging contemporary public health problems. Children and adolescents with obesity experience multiple psychosocial difficulties, such as low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems, which persist for a long time. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a multidisciplinary personalized lifestyle intervention for depressive and anxiety symptoms, as evaluated by psychometric questionnaires, and their effect and association with cardiometabolic parameters in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity before and after the intervention.

The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Endogenous metabolic pathways periodically adjust with fluctuations in day and night, a biological process known as circadian rhythm. Time-restricted eating (TRE) aligns the time of food intake with the circadian rhythm. This study aims to investigate the effects of TRE on body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors.

The Effect of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention Program on Apelin-12, Vaspin and Resistin Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity.

Obesity in childhood and adolescence has reached epidemic proportions in recent decades. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of apelin-12, vaspin and resistin in 106 children and adolescents with overweight or obesity before and after the implementation of a multidisciplinary, personalized lifestyle intervention program of diet, sleep and exercise for 1 year. All subjects attended our Center for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence.

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Hypothalamic Inflammation and Reproductive Outcomes: A Review of the Literature.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental and industrial agents that interfere with hormonal functions. EDC exposure is linked to various endocrine diseases, especially in reproduction, although the mechanisms remain unclear and effects vary among individuals. Neuroinflammation, particularly hypothalamic inflammation, is an emerging research area with implications for endocrine-related diseases like obesity.

Dietary and Physical Activity Habits of Children and Adolescents before and after the Implementation of a Personalized, Intervention Program for the Management of Obesity.

Background: Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a major public health problem, mostly attributed to dietary and physical activity factors. We aimed to determine the dietary and physical activity habits of participants before and after the implementation of a personalized, multidisciplinary, lifestyle intervention program for the management of obesity in the context of the Horizon Research Project 'BigO: Big Data against Childhood Obesity'.

Methods: Three hundred and eighty-six (n = 386) children and adolescents (mean age ± SD: 12.

The Role of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 (Sfrp5) in Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence.

Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and its metabolic complications. Despite the fact that numerous studies have been carried out in adults, limited data on Sfrp5 exist for youth, especially in relation to overweight and obesity. In our study, we assessed the concentrations of Sfrp5, total oxidative (TOS) and antioxidative (TAS) status, high-sensitivity -reactive protein (hs-CRP), and several cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α) in 120 children and adolescents (mean age ± SE: 11.

The Impact of Thyroid Hormones on Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents with Obesity, Overweight and Normal Body Mass Index (BMI): A One-Year Intervention Study.

Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and have a major impact in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. The purpose of our study was to examine the relation of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones with cardiometabolic parameters in children and adolescents with obesity, overweight, and normal body mass index (BMI) before and after the implementation of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program for 1 year. One thousand three hundred and eleven (n = 1311) children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years (mean age ± SD: 10.

International consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents.

Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours that arise not only in adulthood but also in childhood and adolescence. Up to 70-80% of childhood PPGL are hereditary, accounting for a higher incidence of metastatic and/or multifocal PPGL in paediatric patients than in adult patients. Key differences in the tumour biology and management, together with rare disease incidence and therapeutic challenges in paediatric compared with adult patients, mandate close expert cross-disciplinary teamwork.

Challenges in the management of patients with HNF1B MODY and multisystem manifestations: the cases of two adolescent boys.

Introduction: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1B) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, which is expressed early in embryogenesis and is involved in the development of multiple tissues and organs. HNF1B mutations cause complex multisystem disorders, with renal developmental disease and maturity onset diabetes of the young (HNF1B MODY), a rare cause of diabetes mellitus, being representative features.

Methods: We present two adolescent boys from different socioeconomic backgrounds who were diagnosed with genetically confirmed HNF1B MODY following hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in the first case and after diagnostic work-up due to impaired glucose tolerance in the second case.

Childhood Obesity, Hypothalamic Inflammation, and the Onset of Puberty: A Narrative Review.

The onset of puberty, which is under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, is influenced by various factors, including obesity, which has been associated with the earlier onset of puberty. Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation may cause premature activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, resulting in the development of precocious or early puberty. Mechanisms involving phoenixin action and hypothalamic microglial cells are implicated.

Indications of younger age at menarche in Greek adolescents but with no relation to body mass index.

Purpose: This study aimed to present recent trends in the pubertal timing of a Greek female sample.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of healthy females aged 6-18 years who attended a tertiary Adolescent Friendly Health Center over a 5-year period (2016-2020) and included gestational age, birth anthropometrics, and age of thelarche and/or pubarche and/or menarche, along with corresponding anthropometric, hormonal, and biochemical measurements.

Results: Data from 298 girls' medical records were included in the analysis.

Familial hyperaldosteronism: an European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions clinical practice guideline.

We describe herein the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and management of familial forms of hyperaldosteronism. The guideline panel consisted of 10 experts in primary aldosteronism, endocrine hypertension, paediatric endocrinology, and cardiology as well as a methodologist. A systematic literature search was conducted, and because of the rarity of the condition, most recommendations were based on expert opinion and small patient series.