Gut microbial production of imidazole propionate drives Parkinson's pathologies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiome in PD, with microbial metabolites proposed as potential pathological mediators. However, the specific microbes and metabolites involved, and whether gut-derived metabolites can reach the brain to directly induce neurodegeneration, remain unclear.

Advancing metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic CO reduction.

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration necessitates innovative approaches to transform CO into valuable compounds utilizing solar energy. The photocatalytic CO reduction reaction (PC CRR) offers a sustainable solution, yet wide band gaps, rapid electron-hole recombination, and poor CO adsorption capacity limit traditional metal oxide semiconductors for the PC CRR. This review systematically evaluates recent engineering advances in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as efficient photocatalysts for the PC CRR.

A Comprehensive Review of Electrochemical Metallization and Valence Change Mechanisms in Filamentary Resistive Switching of Halide Perovskite-Based Memory Devices.

Halide perovskites (HPs) are gaining significant attention in data storage, particularly for their application in resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) systems. Their exceptional electrical and light absorption properties position them as potentially revolutionary materials for the memory industry. The use of HPs as resistive switching (RS) materials in ReRAMs is driven by their observed current-voltage hysteresis.

Persistence of foodborne viruses on various frozen berries initially frozen at different temperatures and stored for up to two years.

Transmission of foodborne viruses such as human norovirus (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) via frozen berries has become a significant public health concern. In this study, we investigated the long-term persistence of murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1, a HuNoV surrogate) and HAV on five types of berries initially frozen at -20, -80 or -196 °C and stored at -20 °C for up to 24 months. MNV-1 titers decreased by up to 3.

Lead-free halide perovskite memristors for scalable crossbar arrays.

Lead-free halide-perovskite memristors have advanced rapidly from initial proof-of-concept junctions to centimeter-scale selector-free crossbar arrays, maintaining full compatibility with CMOS backend processes. In these highly interconnected matrices, surface passivation, strain-relief interfaces, and non-toxic B-site substitutions successfully reduce sneak currents and stabilize resistance states. The Introduction section lays out the structural and functional basis, detailing phase behavior, bandgap tunability, and tolerance-factor-guided crystal design within Ruddlesden-Popper, Dion-Jacobson, vacancy-ordered, and double-perovskite frameworks, each of which is evaluated for its ability to confine filaments and reduce crosstalk in crossbar configurations.

Alterations in color stability and anti-biofouling properties of various computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing glass-ceramics following ultraviolet weathering aging.

Objectives: This study is aimed to investigate ultraviolet weathering (UW) aging influences the optical, mechanical, and surface behaviors, as well as microbial adhesion, of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) glass-ceramics.

Methods: A total of 270 specimens from feldspar-reinforced aluminosilicate (VITABLOCS Mark Ⅱ; B), leucite-reinforced (IPS Empress CAD; E), lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD; M, Initial LiSi Block, L), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo; C, VITA SUPRINITY PC; V) glass-ceramics were analyzed.

Fluorine position-dependent ionization dynamics and structural distortion in 2,3-difluoropyridine: a VUV-MATI and theoretical study.

Pyridine derivatives are integral to fields such as organic chemistry, materials science, and pharmaceuticals owing to their distinct electronic and structural properties. While fluorine substitution on the pyridine ring is known to modulate these properties, the specific effects of fluorine positioning-particularly at the and positions-on the molecular orbitals, ionization energies, and cationic structures remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we investigate the ionization-induced structural dynamics of 2,3-difluoropyridine (2,3-DFP), which incorporates both - and -fluorine substituents, using high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization (VUV-MATI) spectroscopy in conjunction with Franck-Condon (FC) simulations and natural bond orbital analysis.

Population pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: Optimal dose suggestion based on renal function.

Background: Levofloxacin (LFX) has gained attention as an effective drug to reduce treatment duration in tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to evaluate factors related to interindividual variability (IIV) and describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of LFX in both DS- and DR-TB, as well as explore the optimal dose for TB treatment.

Methods: We included demographics, clinical information, and LFX concentrations from multinational hospitals.

The photosensitizer DH-I-180-3 regulates intracellular bacterial growth by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB- and MAPK-mediated signaling pathways and promoting phagosome maturation in Salmonella-infected mouse macrophages.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a known strategy for treating cancer; in PDT, photosensitizers are activated by light stimulation and then induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to damage cancer tissues. Recently evidence has shown that PDT can also be used as a novel treatment strategy to control pathogenic bacteria. In previous studies, the photosensitizer DH-I-180-3 was reported to effectively regulate multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth.

Clinical features and outcome predictors in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and its variant: Perspective in a primary care neurology clinic.

Background and PurposePrevious studies on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) have primarily been performed in referral-based clinics. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of BPPV and its variant (light cupula) in a primary care setting.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1126 patients who visited a primary care neurology clinic due to dizziness or vertigo between March 2023 and February 2024.

Deciphering the electronic structure and conformational stability of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde.

The conformational structures and ionisation dynamics of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (2-PCA) were explored using high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet mass-analysed threshold ionisation (VUV-MATI) spectroscopy, complemented by Franck-Condon (FC) simulations and quantum chemical calculations. The precise adiabatic ionisation energy of 2-PCA was determined to be 76 589 ± 4 cm (9.4958 ± 0.

Artificial Olfactory System Enabled by Ultralow Chemical Sensing Variations of 1D SnO Nanoarchitectures.

AI-assisted electronic nose systems often emphasize sensitivity-driven datasets, overlooking the comprehensive analysis of gaseous chemical attributes critical for precise gas identification. Conventional fabrication methods generate inconsistent datasets and focus primarily on improving classification accuracy through deep learning, neglecting the fundamental role of sensor material design. This study addresses these challenges by developing a highly reliable sensor platform to standardize gas sensing for deep learning applications.

Dielectric Properties of Composite PZT Films with Distinct Phase-Transition Temperatures via Aerosol Deposition.

With the increasing demand for ceramic-based capacitors in energy storage and electronics, ferroelectrics have gained attention due to their high dielectric coefficient. However, near the phase-transition temperature, a significant variation in dielectric coefficient leads to reduced temperature stability and degradation of electrical properties, limiting their applications. To address this, composite films with multiple phase-transition temperatures can provide a stable dielectric response over a broad temperature range.

Efficient gingival health screening using biofluorescence of anterior dental biofilms.

Purpose: In study, we aimed to evaluate the biofluorescence of anterior dental biofilms using Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) technology to screen for gingival health.

Methods: Fifty-five (n = 55) adult participants aged ≥ 20 years with gingivitis were included in this study. Fluorescence images of the upper and lower anterior teeth were obtained using Qraycam Pro, a device based on the QLF technology.

Preclinical studies and transcriptome analysis in a model of Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic ZNF746 expression.

Background: The parkin-interacting substrate (PARIS, also known as ZNF746) is a transcriptional repressor, whose accumulation and phosphorylation play central pathological roles in Parkinson's disease (PD). PARIS-induced transcriptional repression of PGC-1α or MDM4 contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and p53-dependent neuron loss in PD. Despite the important role of PARIS in PD pathogenesis, unbiased transcriptomic profiles influenced by PARIS accumulation in dopaminergic neurons remain unexplored.

Uncovering the role of fluorine positioning on the cationic properties of 2,4-difluoropyridine.

Fluorine substitution exerts a profound influence on the electronic structures, ionization behaviours, and vibrational dynamics of pyridine systems, enabling the precise tuning of their molecular properties. 2,4-Difluoropyridine (2,4-DFP) exhibits a unique combination of inductive and resonance effects owing to the presence of fluorine atoms at the and positions relative to the nitrogen atom. However, studies on its ionization-induced structural changes and vibrational dynamics remain limited.

A Case of Bilateral Sudden Deafness Caused by Wernicke Encephalopathy.

Wernicke encephalopathy, also known as thiamine deficiency, is characterized by a triad of symptoms: ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. However, additional symptoms may manifest depending on the area affected by the lesion. Although multiple cranial neuropathies are possible, sudden onset bilateral hearing loss has been described in rare situations as the first manifestation of Wernicke encephalopathy.

Development of a novel tongue biofilm index using bacterial biofluorescence.

Conventional methods for assessing tongue bacterial biofilms have low inter-examiner reliability due to visualization challenges. This study aimed to develop and assess a novel Tongue Biofilm Fluorescence Index (TBFI) for the accurate detection and objective evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tongue biofilms at the chairside. Data were collected from 81 elderly individuals (n = 162 images).

Investigating valence orbitals and cationic structure of 2,6-difluoropyridine high-resolution VUV-MATI spectroscopy and Franck-Condon simulations.

Pyridine derivatives are fundamental in fields such as organic chemistry, materials science, and pharmaceuticals, largely due to their versatile electronic properties. Fluorination of pyridine significantly alters these properties, yet the specific effects of the position and number of fluorine atoms on valence orbitals and cationic structures remain not fully understood. This study examines the impact of fluorine substitution on the valence orbitals and cationic structures of various pyridine derivatives, with a particular emphasis on 2,6-difluoropyridine (2,6-DFP).

Development of High-Performance Ethanol Gas Sensors Based on LaO Nanoparticles-Embedded Porous SnO Nanofibers.

Porous pure SnO nanofibers (NFs) and LaO nanoparticles (NPs)-embedded porous SnO NFs were successfully synthesized via electrospinning followed by calcination. These materials were systematically evaluated as gas-sensing elements in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) sensors. The LaO NPs embedded in porous SnO NFs demonstrated superior gas-sensing performance compared to pure SnO NFs.

Impact of chlorine substitution on valence orbitals and ionization dynamics in 3-chloropyridine: Insights from high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization study.

In this study, the effects of chlorine substitution on the valence orbitals and electronic states of 3-chloropyridine (3-CP) were investigated utilizing high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization (VUV-MATI) spectroscopy and computational methods. High-quality vibrational spectra were obtained from the VUV-MATI spectra of 3-CP isotopomers (35Cl and 37Cl), revealing high-quality vibrational spectra for the lowest cationic states. The adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) of these isotopomers were accurately determined, providing detailed information about the electronic structure and ionization dynamics.

A novel toothbrush with a thin-head, slender-neck and super-tapered bristles enhancing accessibility in hard-to-reach areas: a crossover randomized trial.

Background: Toothbrushing is the most commonly used method to physically remove dental plaque. However, there are many areas of the mouth that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush. The type of toothbrush is a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of oral care.