Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists Among Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in the US.

Importance: Although randomized and well-controlled observational studies demonstrate the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) for weight management after bariatric surgery, little is known regarding the frequency and predictors of such use.

Objective: To characterize the use of and factors associated with GLP-1 initiation among US adults undergoing bariatric surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a national multicenter database of electronic health records of approximately 113 million US adults.

Dizziness and spatial disorientation in patients with transient global amnesia: clinical and vestibular correlates.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of dizziness and spatial disorientation in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA), and to examine their relationships with vestibular function and imaging findings.

Methods: We retrospective analyzed 64 TGA episodes from 63 patients [46 (71.9%) women, mean age ± SD = 58.

Dizziness and Vocal Fold Paralysis due to Vertebrobasilar Ischemia.

Background: Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks (VBTIAs) may present with dizziness. Vocal fold paralysis is rarely associated.

Case Presentation: We describe an 80-year-old woman with recurrent VBTIAs and new-onset left vocal fold paralysis during an episode.

High-temperature negative differential resistance in tungsten diselenide multilayers without heterojunctions.

Various exotic functional electronics devices have been proposed to address the limitations of conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices. Among them, negative differential resistance (NDR) devices have been integrated with heavily doped n-type and p-type channel layers to form heterojunctions. However, undesired interfacial defects are unavoidable during heterojunction formation, and the selection of appropriate materials for type-III gap formation is constrained by the requirement for a desirable band alignment.

Tracheobronchial Stenosis in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: Immunosuppressant Use and Airway Dilation Frequency.

Objective: Tracheobronchial stenosis (TBS) occurs in 13-27% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and may cause life-threatening airway compromise. Despite advances in treatment, TBS remains difficult to manage, with frequent relapses and high procedural burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between immunosuppressant use and frequency of relapse in patients with TBS-GPA.

Impact of geomagnetic disturbances and air pollution on total mortality in South Korea.

Short-term geomagnetic disturbances (GMD), quantified using the Kp index, are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of GMD on total, CVD, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) mortality in South Korea within the 2001-2019 period. Using generalized additive models, daily Kp index and mortality data were employed to assess the impact of GMD on mortality, with temporal trends and temperature included as confounders for adjustment.

The Challenge of Diagnosing Labyrinthine Stroke-A Critical Review.

Acute vertigo or dizziness that is accompanied by a sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) often poses a diagnostic challenge. While a combined audiovestibular deficit makes an inner ear pathology most likely, this does not necessarily exclude a vascular pathology that may be a harbinger of future sinister events. This is especially true for strokes within the territory of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), because the labyrinth receives its vascular supply most often by branches of the AICA.

Development of a personalized visualization and analysis tool to improve clinical care in complex multisystem diseases with application to scleroderma.

Background: In complex diseases, it is challenging to assess a patient's disease state, trajectory, treatment exposures, and risk of multiple outcomes simultaneously, efficiently and at the point of care.

Methods: We developed an interactive patient-level data visualization and analysis tool (VAT) that automates illustration of a scleroderma patient's trajectory across multiple organs and illustrates this relative to a reference population, including patient subgroups who share risk factors with the index patient, to improve estimation of disease state. We conducted VAT usability testing with patients and clinicians.

Neurotologic Findings of Idiopathic Acute Unilateral Audiovestibulopathy.

Background And Purpose: Unlike acute unilateral vestibulopathy or vestibular neuritis (AUVP/VN), of which the diagnosis is made based on well-established neurotologic findings, the diagnosis of idiopathic acute unilateral audiovestibulopathy (iAUAV, also known as labyrinthitis) still requires further elucidation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with first-onset acute audiovestibulopathy (AAVS) in a referral-based university hospital in South Korea between March 2018 and September 2024. The results of video-oculography, video head-impulse, and other neurotologic evaluations were included for analysis.

hDPSC-derived Secretomes Enhance Odontogenic Differentiation and Suppress Inflammation: A Potential Cell-free Approach for Regenerative Endodontics.

Introduction: Secretomes are bioactive molecules secreted by stem cells that contain growth factors, anti-inflammatory agents, and proteins involved in tissue repair. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and odontogenic effects of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)-derived secretomes.

Methods: Secretomes were isolated from hDPSCs through stepwise filtration and centrifugation.

Effect of smoking cessation on new-onset diabetes mellitus in dyslipidemic individuals: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes mellitus, but the association between changes in smoking behavior and new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in dyslipidemic patients remains unclear. This study aimed to examine how changes in smoking habits affect NODM risk among individuals with dyslipidemia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC).

Integrated culture-based and metagenomic profiling of airborne and surface-deposited bacterial communities in residential environments.

Indoor environments host diverse microbial communities, where airborne and surface-deposited bacteria contribute to human exposure and potential health risks. This study applies metagenomic analysis to examine bacterial diversity in residential apartments, focusing on four key indoor spaces: kitchens, living rooms, toilets, and bedrooms. Airborne bacteria were collected using a culture-based air sampler and surface-deposited bacteria were collected via swabbing of high-contact areas; both were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics processing.

Assessing Environment Resistance of the Korean Wild Boar ASFV Isolates "".

African swine fever (ASF) is a disease characterized by high mortality and severe hemorrhagic damage in swine breeds, leading to significant economic losses for domestic pig farm operations. Although the introduction route of ASF in South Korea remains unclear, the primary transmission is believed to be through contamination of environmental fomites by migrating ASF-positive wild boar. Therefore, understanding the persistence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) under various environmental conditions in South Korea is crucial.

Clinical features and outcome predictors in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and its variant: Perspective in a primary care neurology clinic.

Background and PurposePrevious studies on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) have primarily been performed in referral-based clinics. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of BPPV and its variant (light cupula) in a primary care setting.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1126 patients who visited a primary care neurology clinic due to dizziness or vertigo between March 2023 and February 2024.

Video Consultations for Patients Traveling Internationally for Medical Care: An Observational Study of a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea.

With the rise in patients traveling worldwide for medical treatment in recent years, the importance of patient care continuum has become increasingly evident. We aimed to analyze the role of video consultations in facilitating medical care for patients traveling internationally for medical care in South Korea. In this retrospective study, data were gathered on video consultations for international medical travelers conducted between January 2021 and December 2023 at a single tertiary hospital.

Separated or joint models of repeated multivariate data to estimate individuals' disease trajectories with application to scleroderma.

Estimating a patient's disease trajectory as defined by clinical measures is an essential task in medicine. Given multiple biomarkers, there is a practical choice of whether to estimate the joint distribution of all biomarkers in a single model or to model the univariate marginal distribution of each marker separately ignoring the covariance structure among measures. To fully utilize all trajectory-relevant information in multiple longitudinal markers, a joint model is required, but its complexity and computational burden may only be warranted when joint estimates of trajectories are substantially more efficient than separate estimates.

The vestibulo-ocular and vestibulospinal reflexes minimally impact the freezing of gait in patients with early-to-moderate Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling condition that often leads to falls and severe postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to determine whether FOG is associated with the integrity of the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and vestibulospinal reflexes (VSR).

Methods: We retrospectively collected 138 patients with de novo PD at a tertiary medical center between February 2022 and February 2025.

Coercive Field Control in Epitaxial Ferroelectric HfZrO Thin Films by Nanostructure Engineering.

The discovery of ferroelectric hafnium oxide has spurred great interest in the semiconductor industry, enabled by its complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatibility and scalability. However, many questions remain regarding the origin of the ferroelectric phases and the tunability of ferroelectric properties. In this work, we explore the influence of laser fluence on coercive field () in 10 nm-thick epitaxial rhombohedrally distorted orthorhombic (-d ) HfZrO (HZO) films grown by pulsed laser deposition on LaSrMnO-buffered (001) SrTiO substrates.

Steroid-Responsive Progressive Subacute Cerebellar Ataxia: An Unrecognized Subtype of Immune-Mediated Ataxia.

Background: Subacute progressive cerebellar ataxia poses a diagnostic challenge due to its wide-ranging etiologies and symptom overlap with acute and chronic cerebellar disorders. Prompt identification and treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes.

Case Presentation: A 62-year-old woman presented with worsening vertigo, gait instability, and evolving neurological signs over five months, consistent with a syndrome of subacute progressive cerebellar ataxia.

The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex is Associated With Visuospatial Dysfunction in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Visuospatial impairment is one of the most frequent cognitive deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unknown whether the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function affects visuospatial perception and memory in patients with PD.

Objective: To delineate the relationship between VOR and visuospatial function in patients with PD.

Clinical features of secondary BPPV: A nation-wide multicenter study.

BackgroundBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder, and its prevalence is substantial. While primary BPPV has been well studied, the understanding of secondary BPPV is still limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of secondary BPPV in a national multicenter retrospective analysis.

Optic neuropathy as an early manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Ophthalmic involvement occurs in up to 40% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), usually confined to the anterior segment. Herein, we describe patients presenting with optic neuropathy as an early manifestation of GPA, without other signs of ocular or adnexa involvement.

Methods: We report a case of isolated optic neuropathy without other ocular or adnexal involvement and examine the reported clinical features of 17 additional patients through a literature review.