Neoadjuvant palbociclib in women with operable, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

The addition of a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor to endocrine therapy augments biological response in breast cancer. This phase III randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of adding palbociclib to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) for operable, hormone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. Patients randomly received 16 weeks of endocrine therapy (letrozole for post-menopausal and tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression for pre/peri-menopausal patients) plus palbociclib or placebo.

Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial of biosimilar CT-P16 and reference bevacizumab in patients with metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Data from the CT-P16 3.1 study demonstrated equivalent efficacy between CT-P16, a bevacizumab biosimilar, and European-approved reference bevacizumab (EU-bevacizumab) for the primary endpoint of objective response rate (ORR) during induction treatment in patients with metastatic or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We now present long-term findings.

Horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus in pontine gaze palsy: patterns and anatomical correlates.

Background: To delineate the patterns and anatomical correlates of gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN) in horizontal gaze palsy due to dorsal pontine lesions.

Methods: A total of 17 patients with horizontal gaze palsy and unilateral dorsal pontine lesions were retrospectively recruited from referral-based six university hospitals in Korea. The clinical characteristics, oculographic data, and MRI lesions of the patients were subjected to analysis.

Hypertension promotes neuroinflammation, brain injury and cognitive impairment.

Background: Hypertension increases the risk for cognitive impairment and promotes vascular and renal inflammation. We tested if immune cell infiltration occurs in the brain during hypertension and if it is associated with cognitive impairment.

Methods: Male C57Bl/6 mice were administered vehicle, angiotensin II (0.

Personalized neoadjuvant strategy using 70-gene assay to increase breast-conserving surgery in ER+/HER2- breast cancer.

We investigated whether tailored neoadjuvant therapy (chemotherapy [NCT] or endocrine therapy [NET]) guided by a 70-gene assay could improve breast-conserving surgery (BCS) rates among patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer initially deemed ineligible for BCS. Of 130 prospectively enrolled patients (stage II-IIIA, across four Korean centers), 92 were analyzed. Patients classified as high genomic risk received NCT, while low-risk patients underwent NET (letrozole ± leuprolide for premenopausal women) for 16-24 weeks.

Efficacy and safety of epaminurad, a potent hURAT1 inhibitor, in patients with gout: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study.

Background: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis. Current urate-lowering therapies have limitations, such as adverse drug reactions or limited efficacy. Epaminurad is a novel selective human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) inhibitor that has been shown to reduce serum urate (sUA) levels in healthy volunteers and patients with gout.

Psychotropic Drug Use in Korean Patients With Osteoarthritis.

Background: There are few safe effective ways to relieve osteoarthritis (OA) pain; as a result, off-label psychotropic drug prescriptions have increased worldwide. This study examined the change in psychotropic drug prescriptions for patients with OA from 2011 to 2020 using the Korean National Health Insurance Service dataset.

Methods: The study population consisted of patients with hip or knee OA aged ≥ 65 years.

Treatment Maneuvers in Cupulolithiasis of the Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Head-shaking and mastoid oscillation maneuvers effectively treat cupulolithiasis of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However, to date there are no validated treatments for cupulolithiasis of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV-cu).

Objective: To determine the immediate and short-term therapeutic efficacy of head-shaking and mastoid oscillation maneuvers in PC-BPPV-cu.

Dynamic biomarkers and Cox regression with time-dependent covariate for mortality prediction in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a fatal tick-borne infectious disease that lacks effective treatments. Dynamic analysis that reflects changes in the SFTS patient's condition is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the time-dependent predictive performance of key biomarkers using a time-dependent Cox regression model.

Clinical features of secondary BPPV: A nation-wide multicenter study.

BackgroundBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder, and its prevalence is substantial. While primary BPPV has been well studied, the understanding of secondary BPPV is still limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of secondary BPPV in a national multicenter retrospective analysis.

Wearable ECG patch monitoring for 72 h is comparable to conventional Holter monitoring for 24 h to detect cardiogenic vertigo.

We sought to compare the diagnostic efficacy of a 72-hour wearable electrocardiography (ECG) patch monitoring with a conventional 24-hour Holter monitoring for the detection of cardiogenic vertigo. We conducted a prospective multicenter study that recruited 47 patients suspected of cardiogenic vertigo in four referral-based university hospitals between November 2019 and April 2022. Patients received simultaneous ambulatory ECG recordings using a 72-hour wearable ECG patch monitoring and a conventional 24-hour Holter monitor.

Prognostic nutritional index as an early predictor of mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: multicenter retrospective study in South Korea.

Background And Aim: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a fatal tick-borne infectious disease lacking effective treatments or vaccines. Early identification of prognostic factors is essential for optimizing clinical management. This study investigated the predictors for mortality in SFTS patients.

The International Classification of Vestibular Disorders: Achievements, challenges, and future directions.

In 2007, the Bárány Society embarked on a project to establish definitions of vestibular syndromes and disorders based on best available evidence, referred to as the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders (ICVD). Since then, numerous publications providing consensus-driven diagnostic criteria for vestibular symptoms, syndromes, and disorders have been published. Here, we reflect on the rationale for developing the ICVD as well as its subsequent achievements, challenges, and outlook.

Bemcentinib enhances sensitivity to estrogen receptor inhibitors in breast cancer cells.

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer accounts for a substantial proportion of breast cancer cases and is typically managed using ER inhibitors, such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant. However, the development of resistance to these therapies is a significant clinical challenge, and the improvement of therapeutic strategies is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the potential of bemcentinib, a well-known AXL inhibitor, to enhance the sensitivity of MCF7 breast cancer cells to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and fulvestrant.

Response eQTLs, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromatin structure in chondrocytes provide mechanistic insight into osteoarthritis risk.

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant healthcare burden with limited treatment options. While genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 100 OA-associated loci, translating these findings into therapeutic targets remains challenging. To address this gap, we mapped gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromatin structure in primary human articular chondrocytes in both resting and OA-mimicking conditions.

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring improves postoperative glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Effective glycaemic control following cardiac surgery improves clinical outcomes, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) might be a valuable tool in achieving this objective. We investigated the effect of real-time CGM and telemonitoring on postoperative glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial (RCT), adults with T2D undergoing CABG were assigned to either a test group utilizing real-time CGM (Dexcom G6) and telemetry for glycaemic control, or a control group with blinded CGM measures, relying on point-of-care measures.

Analysis of Changes in Viral Load and Inflammatory Cytokines, as Well as the Occurrence of Secondary Infections, in SFTS Patients Treated with Specific Treatments: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute febrile illness caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). We conducted this study to propose a scientific evidence-based treatment that can improve prognosis through changes in viral load and inflammatory cytokines according to the specific treatment of SFTS patients. This prospective and observational study was conducted at 14 tertiary referral hospitals, which are located in SFTS endemic areas in Korea, from 1 May 2018 to 31 October 2020.

Proapoptotic role of CDK1 in overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer cells in response to combined treatment with paclitaxel and duloxetine.

Background: Paclitaxel resistance and recurrence are major obstacles in ovarian cancer, which is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers. During cancer cell progression, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) drives cells through the G2 phase and into mitosis. In this study, we demonstrated that CDK1 played a crucial role in switching paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells from mitotic arrest to apoptosis following combined treatment with paclitaxel and duloxetine, an antidepressant known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).

Inhibiting lipid droplet biogenesis enhances host protection against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp), an emerging Kp subtype, has become a serious global pathogen. However, the information regarding host interactions and innate immune responses during hvKp infection is limited. Here, we found that hvKp clinical strains increased triacylglycerol synthesis, resulting in lipid droplets (LDs) formation via the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in RAW264.

Prediction of menstrual recovery patterns in premenopausal women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen after chemotherapy: an ASTRRA Substudy.

Background: Chemo-endocrine therapy can lead to various side effects associated with ovarian dysfunction. Predicting menstrual recovery is necessary to discuss the treatment-related issues regarding fertility and premature menopause with patients.

Methods: In the ASTRRA trial, patients who resumed ovarian function within 2 years after chemotherapy were randomized to receive tamoxifen for 5 years or OFS with tamoxifen for 2 years.

Enhancement of Intracellular Cholesterol Efflux in Chondrocytes Leading to Alleviation of Osteoarthritis Progression.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease worldwide, with no practical means of prevention and limited treatment options. Recently, our group unveiled a novel mechanism contributing to OA pathogenesis in association with abnormal cholesterol metabolism in chondrocytes. In this study, we aimed to establish a clinical link between lipid profiles and OA in humans, assess the effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering drugs in suppressing OA development in mice, and uncover the cholesterol-lowering mechanisms that effectively impede OA progression.

ISG15 is involved in chondrogenic differentiation through activation of IFN-γ signaling.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was found to increase in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, few studies have been conducted to elucidate the role of IFN-γ in cartilage metabolism and regeneration. In this study, we investigated whether cartilage regeneration is driven by interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) under the control of IFN-γ.