Decoding adenomyosis pathogenesis using an assembloid model.

Adenomyosis remains a challenging gynecological disorder to investigate due to the absence of in vitro models that accurately replicate endometrial tissue dynamics across the menstrual cycle. To address this gap, we established an endometrial assembloid model that faithfully mimics cycle-dependent endometrial responses and captures key cellular and molecular hallmarks of adenomyosis, including ectopic lesion- specific epithelial and stromal heterogeneity. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that ectopic epithelial cells shift toward a luminal- dominant, glandular-deficient transcriptional profile during the secretory-like phase.

Tetrabromophthalate bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (TBPH) exposure induces renal inflammation injury by activating MAVS-IRF3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo models.

Tetrabromophthalate bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (TBPH) is a common brominated flame retardant, which exhibits environmental persistence, the potential for bioaccumulation, and concerning toxicological effects. But until now, there is limited data on TBPH-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of TBPH exposure on renal cells and tissues through in vitro and in vivo models.

Brucella-infected macrophage-derived Exosomes enhance the anti-Brucella acquired immune response.

In recent years, the roles of Exosomes in tumors and infectious diseases have been found to have potential application value in disease diagnosis and treatment. However, whether Exosomes are involved in host-acquired immune responses against Brucella has not been reported. This study explored the significance of Exosomes in the context of Brucella infection and their influence on host immune responses.

Succinylation regulates boar sperm linear motility via reprogramming glucose metabolism.

Succinylation is a recently identified post-translational modification (PTM) that modulates enzyme activity and metabolism. However, how it regulates metabolic reprogramming in sperm remains unclear. In this study, we show that succinylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) promotes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and linear motility in boar sperm.

Porcine respiratory disease complex induces pulmonary fibrosis related to the aberrant sphingolipid metabolism.

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a common syndrome in the modern swine industry worldwide, and its pathogenesis remains unclear to date. Our study aimed to investigate PRDC-induced pulmonary fibrosis and sphingolipid metabolism, and their relationship. Mouse and cell line (A549 and 3D4/21) models exposed to bleomycin and/or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were developed.

Bacillus velezensis MZ09 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets by remodeling the intestinal microbiota activating the SCFAs-GPR43-STAT3 pathway and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of the probiotic Bacillus velezensis MZ09, which produces branched-chain short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs), against the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in piglets.

Results: In this study, a DSS-induced piglet colitis model was established to explore the impact of MZ09.

Effects of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D on the immune response in chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected by infectious bronchitis virus.

In addition to its nutritional role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, vitamin D also possesses immunoregulatory effects. Herein, we used chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEFs) to study the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D) on the immune response induced by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. We observed the inhibition to virus proliferation in the cells by adding 10 nM 1,25(OH)D.

Dietary supplementation with apigenin ameliorates intestinal injury in broilers suffering from necrotic enteritis.

This study examined how dietary apigenin supplementation influences growth performance, intestinal barrier integrity, and immune response in broilers affected by necrotic enteritis. A total of 144 one-day-old white-feathered broilers were divided into six groups. The NE model groups were inoculated with Eimeria maxima on day 14 and Clostridium perfringens (CP) on days 17-23.

Whole genome resequencing reveals genetic markers for plumage colour in Jingyuan Chicken.

In order to investigate the basic genetic structure of plumage colour in Jingyuan chicken and to explore the genetic markers for plumage colour development, the present study was carried out to investigate the candidate key SNPs and candidate genes regulating black, linen and white plumage and plumage traits of Jingyuan chicken by using selection signal analysis and genome-wide association analysis. Selection signal analyses showed that including 30, 40 and 18 overlapping genes were associated with black, linen and white plumage colours in Jingyuan chicken. Meanwhile, integrative genomic analyses identified BCAT1, LMO3, and PIK3C2G as primary candidates for black plumage, and IL1RAPL1 for white plumage, with all genes showing convergent support across multiple complementary approaches.

Genome-wide analysis of TMEM38 family revealed functional roles of TMEM38B in fat deposition and its miRNA-mediated regulation in chicken.

Transmembrane protein 38 (TMEM38) gene family, including TMEM38A and TMEM38B, is responsible for facilitating trimeric intracellular cation transport across the membrane and regulating key cellular processes, such as muscle contraction and cell differentiation in mammals. However, a genome-wide analysis of the chicken TMEM38 gene family, as well as investigations into their biological roles and post-transcriptional expression regulation in fat deposition have not yet been conducted. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide characteristics of chicken TMEM38 gene family, elucidated the regulatory roles of the TMEM38B gene in both abdominal and intramuscular adipogenesis, and explored its miRNA-mediated expression regulatory mechanisms.

Copper pyrithione exposure-induced copper accumulation compromises mouse oocyte maturation.

Copper exhibited serious toxicity while its accumulation was beyond the physiological threshold. Copper pyrithione (CPT) consists of two PT molecules and copper, is a new generation booster anti-fouling biocides agent widespread globally. The potential harmful impacts of CPT whether via copper accumulation have raised concern among people.

The genetic structure and selective sweep analysis of meat pigeon breeds raised in Hainan using whole genome resequencing technology.

To investigate the genetic relationships and domestication status of Hainan meat pigeon populations, whole-genome sequencing was performed on 70 individuals across seven breeds: Shiqi (SQ), Silver King (SK), Shenwang (SW), Dabao (DB), Tianxiang No.1 (TX), Hybrid King (HK), and White Carneau (WC), with each breed represented by 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females). From 824 Gb of high-quality sequencing data, we identified 13,347,452 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals developmental dynamics and cellular heterogeneity in the mammary gland of young fillies and adult Mongolian mares.

Mongolian horses are famous for their lactation traits. Their milk contains a high protein content and low levels of fatty acids. Given their superior milk composition and historical use in dairy production across Inner Mongolia and Central Asia, Mongolian horses serve as a valuable model for understanding lactational biology.

Activation of the TLR2/NF-κB signaling axis by capsid proteinVP1 of feline calicivirus promotes IL-1β expression in vitro.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) induces systemic inflammation in felines, posing a serious threat to feline health worldwide. Severe cases may lead to chronic stomatitis and other inflammatory conditions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying FCV-induced inflammation remain unclear.

Determination of the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn in 13-day-old broilers and establishment of the prediction equations.

This study was conducted to evaluate apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AID AA) and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SID AA) in corn with different sources fed to broilers and to establish prediction equations of SID AA based on the chemical composition of corn. Ten different sources of corn were evaluated. A total of 660 1-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly divided into 11 treatments (6 replicates, 10 birds per replicate).

Biochemical characteristics and key regulatory genes of intramuscular fat deposition in aged Nanchuan chickens.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important indicator affecting chicken quality. However, there are few studies on IMF in aged chickens. Nanchuan chicken is an excellent local egg and meat dual-purpose breed in Southwest China, renowned for its delicious flavor and fresh meat.

Epidemiological investigation of porcine in pig herds in Guangxi, China (2022-2023) and genetic diversity analysis based on multilocus sequence typing.

Introduction: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) infection significantly challenges Guangxi's pig farms, yet its prevalence and molecular characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aimed to define circulating Mhp genotypes and their distribution in the region.

Methods: From 2022-2023, 1,362 pig lung samples were randomly collected from 14 Guangxi regions.

Exposure to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Disrupts Intestinal Barrier Function via NLRP3/Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major global pathogen that causes severe economic losses in dairy herds due to diarrhea, reproductive disorders, and reduced milk yield. Despite its well-documented systemic effects, the mechanism of BVDV-induced intestinal damage remains unclear. In our study, BVDV triggered cytopathic effects in intestinal epithelial cells, including cell death, goblet cell depletion, and disruption of barrier proteins.

Behavioural response and physiological adaptation of captive sub-adult giant pandas in response to a short-term social environment.

During ex-situ conservation, giant pandas inevitably transition from their natural wild habitats to captive environments. The living conditions of captive giant pandas differ significantly from those in the wild. For instance, during the sub-adult stage, solitary giant pandas are human-reared in groups.

Palmitoylation-dependent modulation of CD36 trafficking and signaling integrates lipid uptake with metabolic disease pathogenesis.

CD36 is a multifunctional lipid transporter that facilitates long-chain fatty acid uptake and orchestrates metabolic signaling in energy-demanding tissues. Recent studies have uncovered site-specific palmitoylation as a crucial post-translational modification that governs CD36 subcellular trafficking, stabilizing its localization within lipid rafts and regulating its endocytic recycling between the plasma membrane, endosomes, and lipid droplets. This dynamic palmitoylation-depalmitoylation cycle enables CD36 to spatially and temporally couple lipid transport with signal transduction in response to nutritional and hormonal cues.

Integrated multi-tissue transcriptomics reveals cross-tissue regulatory networks and hub genes regulating feed efficiency in aging chicken.

Given the critical impact of feed costs on poultry profitability, it is essential to improve feed efficiency through genetic selection. Although residual feed intake (RFI) serves as the gold-standard metric for feed efficiency assessment, its molecular regulation remains poorly understood. This study estimated the residual feed intake of laying hens from 70 to 100 weeks of age (E-RFI) and estimated the genetic parameters of key production traits (egg quality and feed efficiency) and lipid traits (triglycerides: TG; free fatty acids: FFA; cholesterol: TC).

Light incubation affects embryo development and post-hatch performance in poultry.

Light is one of the important environmental factors affecting the growth, reproduction, and performance of poultry. It stimulates retinal photoreceptor cells to form visual imaging, enabling animals to adapt to external environments. Light also regulates non-visual physiological responses such as circadian rhythms, pupillary reflex, sleep regulation, and melatonin secretion.

Transcriptome analysis reveals key genes and regulatory networks underlying intramuscular fat deposition in rabbits.

Background: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a critical determinant of meat quality in rabbits, influencing attributes such as tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. A moderate increase in IMF content is associated with enhanced meat quality. In this study, we evaluated the growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality traits of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles in Hycole and Rex rabbits across various growth stages.

Biological Characterization and DIVA Potential of Three Rough Vaccine Strains.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease primarily controlled through quarantine, culling, and vaccination. Live attenuated vaccines remain the most effective countermeasure, yet their application is limited by residual virulence and diagnostic interference. This study developed three rough-type attenuated mutants (G7, G8, G16) and evaluated their potential as DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) vaccine candidates.

Genome-Wide Screening Reveals the Oncolytic Mechanism of Newcastle Disease Virus in a Human Colonic Carcinoma Cell Line.

Viral oncolysis is considered a promising cancer treatment method because of its good tolerability and durable anti-tumor effects. Compared with other oncolytic viruses, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has some distinct advantages. As an RNA virus, NDV does not recombine with the host genome, making it safer compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses; NDV can induce syncytium formation, allowing the virus to spread among cells without exposure to host neutralizing antibodies; and its genome adheres to the hexamer genetic code rule (genome length as a multiple of six nucleotides), ensuring accurate replication, low recombination rates, and high genetic stability.