Behavioural response and physiological adaptation of captive sub-adult giant pandas in response to a short-term social environment.

During ex-situ conservation, giant pandas inevitably transition from their natural wild habitats to captive environments. The living conditions of captive giant pandas differ significantly from those in the wild. For instance, during the sub-adult stage, solitary giant pandas are human-reared in groups.

Crosstalk of ring Airy Gaussian vortex beams disturbed by hazy scattering media and its suppression.

The scattering medium significantly degrades the quality of the ring Airy Gaussian vortex beam (RAGVB) and induces crosstalk among orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, thereby impairing the performance of OAM-based optical communication systems. In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of the scattering medium on the OAM spectral crosstalk in RAGVBs. Furthermore, we propose a correction scheme that combines the light intensity transport equation with a modified Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval algorithm (ITE-GS) to mitigate the impact of the scattering medium and ensure stable transmission of RAGVBs.

Achieve Phosphorescence Activation Through the Modulation of Intermolecular Forces within the Matrix.

Carbon dots (CDs)-based phosphorescent materials have attracted significant attention due to their widespread applications in anti-counterfeiting technologies, bioimaging, optoelectronic devices, and other fields. However, synthesizing high-efficiency phosphorescent CDs materials and elucidating their emission mechanisms remain critical challenges. In this study, phosphorescence in CDs is successfully activated by modulating intermolecular forces within the crystalline matrix.

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in BPS-induced disruption of endometrial decidualization.

Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been widely associated with adverse health outcomes, prompting the proliferation of "BPA-free" products. However, substitutes such as bisphenol S (BPS) are now equally prevalent and frequently detected at levels comparable to BPA. Our previous research identified BPA as an endocrine disruptor impairing reproductive systems.

A Surgical Model for Graft of Brown Adipose Tissue on the Heart Surface in Mice.

A mouse model for investigating the paracrine effects of browning epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on coronary arteries and the myocardium should be developed. Due to its special anatomical location and direct connection to the heart surface, EAT is considered not only an energy storage organ but also an essential paracrine regulator involved in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have indicated that EAT browning holds promising therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases through anti-inflammatory phenotype transition, the release of cardioprotective factors, and extracellular vesicles, among other mechanisms.

Fluorescent DNA-Polymer Enables Signal Amplification and Precise Protein Localization in Immunofluorescence Imaging.

The DNA-barcoding method has revolutionized immunofluorescence imaging, offering a transformative approach to protein visualization and analysis. However, achieving effective signal amplification while maintaining precise target localization remains a critical challenge. In this study, we developed fluorescent DNA-polymer conjugates through enzyme-catalysis-mediated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, enabling the attachment of multiple fluorescent molecules to a single DNA strand.

Grass Rhizome Proteomics Reveals Convergent Freezing-Tolerance Strategies.

Early maize planting requires cold tolerance in temperate regions, which elite maize lacks. Extending the growing season could boost productivity along with more efficient nutrient use. Wild PACMAD grasses have each independently evolved freezing tolerance.

pH-driven chromophore amplification enables high-efficiency phosphorescent carbon dots.

The solvothermal method is the most predominant synthetic approach for synthesizing carbon dots (CDs) phosphorescent materials. Understanding the influence of solvothermal reaction conditions on the phosphorescent properties of CDs is critical. Particularly, the regulation of pH environment plays a critical role in the solvothermal reaction process, because pH condition modulates the hydrolysis process of the precursor and the kinetics of the carbon core, or the structure of CD surfaces.

Oral health literacy and oral health-related quality of life among inpatients: the mediating effects of oral health-related self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Oral diseases can affect organs throughout the body. A healthy oral condition is an important part of maintaining overall health. Oral health literacy and self-efficacy contribute to promoting oral health.

Accurate measurement for the orbital angular momentum spectrum in scattering media based on a Faraday atomic filter.

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of beams has important applications in various fields such as large-capacity data transmission, imaging, and quantum information. So the precise measurement of the OAM spectrum is critical. Here, we present a direct and efficient method for measuring the OAM spectrum in a scattering medium using a Faraday atomic filter.

The application and challenges of antimicrobial drug-loaded scaffold materials for the treatment of bone infections.

Bone infections are a complex clinical issue, typically caused by bacterial infections, leading to damage and dysfunction of bone tissue. Traditional treatments primarily rely on antibiotics (ABs); however, they have limitations such as low permeability and the development of resistance. In recent times, the progress in tissue engineering has introduced novel approaches to tackle bone infections.

Serum Extracellular Vesicles Reveal Metabolic Responses to Time-Restricted Feeding in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice.

Extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion and cargo composition are dysregulated in metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate how changes in serum EV concentration and protein composition reflect the metabolic effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) and time-restricted feeding (TRF), with a particular focus on adipocyte-derived EVs (Ad-EVs) in circulation. Mice were fed an HFD for 18 weeks prior to being placed either ad libitum or on a TRF for an additional 10 weeks.

Analysis of the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Social Alienation in Adolescent Scoliosis Patients.

Objective: Adolescent scoliosis patients frequently experience social alienation, yet comprehensive studies addressing its determinants in China remain scarce. This study aims to understand the current status of social alienation in adolescent scoliosis patients and analyze its influencing factors to inform targeted interventions.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2023.

Simple Large-Scale Preparation of Carbon Dot Composites with High Luminescent Performance.

At present, the demand for high-performance and cost-effective luminescent materials has increasingly grown and carbon dots (CDs) stand out due to their distinctive advantages. However, their preparation and purification process are too complex to commercialize. Issues such as fluorescence quenching, low quantum yield of short-wavelength emission, and short room-temperature phosphorescence lifetimes still need to be addressed.

Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Multiplexed Health Surveillance Panel Using Ultra High-Throughput PRM-MS in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort.

Despite advances in clinical proteomics, translating protein biomarker discoveries into clinical use remains challenging due to the technical complexity of the validation process. Targeted MS-based proteomics approaches such as parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) offer sensitive and specific assays for biomarker translation. In this study, we developed a multiplex PRM assay using the Stellar mass spectrometry platform to quantify 57 plasma proteins, including 21 FDA-approved proteins.

A targeted LC MS/MS assay of a health surveillance panel and its application to chronic kidney disease.

Robust and reproducible assays capable of specific and quantitative monitoring of multiple biologically important proteins amongst the thousands of human plasma proteins can potentially be used to distinguish health versus disease. In this study, we established an LC-MS assay to monitor a Health Surveillance Panel (HSP) comprising 60 circulating plasma proteins selected based on their broad biological functions and assay performance. Plasma samples were prepared for proteomic analysis in an automated process.

Engineered mesenchymal stromal cells with bispecific polyvalent peptides suppress excessive neutrophil infiltration and boost therapy.

Excessive neutrophil infiltration can exacerbate inflammation and tissue damage, contributing to conditions like autoimmune disorders and liver diseases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) share homing mechanisms with neutrophils, showing promise for treating such diseases. However, ex vivo expanded MSCs often suffer from reduced homing efficiency due to the loss of essential ligands.

PDE4D inhibition ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by activating mitophagy.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a major role in normal and pathologic signaling in the heart. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a major PDE degrading cAMP in the heart. There are inconsistencies concerning the roles of the PDE4 isoforms 4B and 4D in regulation of cardiac function.

A new therapy to alleviate the inflammatory injury of piglet intestine caused by short-distance transportation--music.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether music can reduce stress in animals by regulating the activity of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal cortex (HPA) axis and reducing the concentration of cortisol. The control group was not played with any music or mechanical noise, the music group played music before and during transport, and the noise group played noise before and during transport as a positive control. The results showed that after two-hours of transportation, the concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol in the music group were lower than that in the control and the noise groups, while the cortisol level in the noise group was higher than that in the music and the control groups.

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Large-scale mass-spectrometry-based proteomics experiments are complex and prone to analytical variability, requiring rigorous quality checks across each step in the workflow: sample preparation, chromatography, mass spectrometry, and the bioinformatics stages. This includes quality control (QC) measures that address biological and technical variation. Most QC approaches involve detecting sample outliers and monitoring parameters related to sample preparation and mass spectrometer performance.

β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Clenbuterol Protects Against Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmia by Regulation of Akt/eNOS/NO/Cx43 Signaling Pathway.

Ventricular arrhythmias induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury limits the therapeutic effect of early reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. This study investigated the protective effects of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist clenbuterol against ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and the underlying mechanism. Anesthetized rats were subjected to 10-min left coronary artery occlusion and 10-min reperfusion in vivo.

FOXG1 promotes osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating autophagy through regulating USP14.

The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is key for bone formation, and its imbalance leads to osteoporosis. Forkhead Box Protein G1 (FOXG1) is associated with osteogenesis, however, the effect of FOXG1 on osteogenesis of BMSCs and ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss is unknown. In our study, FOXG1 expression in BMSCs increases after osteogenic induction.

miR-468-3p suppresses osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting Runx2 and inhibits bone formation.

An improved understanding of the molecular actions underpinning bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation could highlight new therapeutics for osteoporosis (OP). Current evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical roles in many biological systems, including osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we examined miR-468-3p effects on osteogenic differentiation (OD).

Controllable multivalent LYTACs enhance targeted protein degradation.

We present a versatile DNA-based LYTAC framework that allows control over the valency of chimeras and the distance between ligands through DNA self-assembly. By evaluating the degradation capabilities of LYTACs with 1, 3, and 9 valences, we confirm the broad applicability of the multivalent enhancement effect across different lysosome-targeting receptor-mediated degradation pathways. Our findings provide valuable insights into improving the degradation efficiency of LYTACs.

Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients.

Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular disease that is related to systemic inflammation. This study aimed to assess the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) combined with fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (C-FAR) on the prognosis of all-cause mortality in different types of HF. A total of 1,221 hospitalized HF patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.