Effects of dietary digestible energy levels on growth performance, intestinal function, carcass traits, meat quality and blood biochemical parameters of Ningxiang pigs.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of changing the digestible energy (DE) level of the diet on the growth performance, intestinal function, carcass traits, meat quality and blood biochemical indices of Ningxiang pigs, and to comprehensively identify the lipid molecules in the abdominal fat of Ningxiang pigs through lipidomics technology to evaluate the pork quality. The experiment selected 225 castrated Ningxiang pigs (47.64 ± 0.

Research advances in SERS-based sensing platforms for multiplex mycotoxin detection in feed.

Mycotoxins in feed can pose significant risks to the health of livestock and poultry, leading to reduced economic returns and impaired production efficiency, thereby impeding the sustainable development of the livestock industry. Consequently, the exploration of highly sensitive, simple and rapid detection methods for trace mycotoxins in feed is crucial for ensuring feed safety and promoting industrial sustainability. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a rapid detection method characterized by high sensitivity, ease of operation, and resistance to water interference, has gained substantial traction in mycotoxin detection within feed matrices in recent years.

Effect of adding Georgi to feed on the microbial diversity in cattle feces.

Introduction: Inflammation and oxidative stress can seriously endanger the health and growth of beef cattle. Georgi (SB) has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, studies on the application of SB stems and leaves as roughage in animal husbandry are limited.

A multi-tissue single-cell expression atlas in cattle.

Systematic characterization of the molecular states of cells in livestock tissues is essential for understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying economically and ecologically important physiological traits. Here, as part of the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project, we describe a comprehensive reference map including 1,793,854 cells from 59 bovine tissues in calves and adult cattle, spanning both sexes, which reveals intra-tissue and inter-tissue cellular heterogeneity in gene expression, transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication. Integrative analysis with genetic variants that underpin bovine monogenic and complex traits uncovers cell types of relevance, such as spermatocytes, responsible for sperm motility and excitatory neurons for milk fat yield.

A review on microbial metabolic engineering for the improvement of itaconic acid production.

Itaconic acid (IA), also known as methylene-butanedioic acid, is one of the top 12 platform chemicals in the world and demand for it is growing worldwide. The itaconic acid molecule contains one reactive double bond and two carboxyl groups, endowing it with chemical reactivity. It is widely used in fields such as light industry, agriculture, energy, and medical applications.

A Spatiotemporal Atlas of the Gut Microbiota in : Implications for Health and Environment.

The gut microbiota of macaques, highly homologous to humans in biological characteristics and metabolic functions, serves as an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of human intestinal diseases and therapeutic approaches. A comprehensive characterization of the macaque gut microbiota provides unique insights into human health and disease. This study employs metagenomic sequencing to assess the gut microbiota of wild across various ages, sexes, and physiological states.

Comparative profiling of splenic phospholipid and sphingolipid during acute infection.

Lipid profile of spleen and bursa of Fabricius (BF) during acute infection remains unknown. Acute infection models of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and Eimeria tenella (ET) were developed, and spleen samples with African swine fever virus (ASFV) or not were collected. Spleen and BF were examined and characteristic microscopic lesions were observed.

Effects of silencing or overexpression of ZIP3 and ZIP5 on zinc absorption as zinc sulfate or zinc proteinate and related gene expressions in primary duodenal epithelial cells of broilers.

Three Experiments were conducted to explore whether zrt/irt-like protein 3 (ZIP3) and ZIP5 were directly involved in zinc (Zn) absorption as Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength (ZnP M) in broiler primary duodenal epithelial cells. In Experiment 1, siRNAs against ZIP3 or ZIP5 were transfected into cells, and the most effective siRNA was selected. In Experiment 2, with or without the most potent siRNA, cells were exposed to a basal medium without Zn (Control) or added with 400 umol/L of Zn as Zn sulfate (ZnS) or ZnP M for 120 min.

The combination of dietary active dry yeast and improves productive performance, egg quality, and immunity of aged breeder hens.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with active dry yeast (ADY) alone or in combination with (BS) on physiological parameters (laying performance, egg quality, blood indexes), reproductive traits, ileum microbiome, metabolome, and uterine gene expression in aged breeder hens. A total of 336 Hy-line brown layer hens aged 55 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups using a completely randomized design: control group (Con, basal diet), ADY group (1 g ADY/kg diet), and ADY-BS combination group ([1 g ADY + 0.1 g BS]/kg diet).

Dietary cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation improved eggshell and bone quality of laying ducks during 60 to 76 weeks of age.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D, VD) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) supplementation in the diet of aged laying ducks on eggshell and bone quality. A total of 792 healthy Longyan laying ducks (60 weeks old) were randomly divided into 11 groups, each with 6 replicates of 12 birds. The 11 groups were fed for 16 weeks with diets containing either 0 (control), or varying levels of VD or 25(OH)D: 800, 1600, 2400, 3200, and 4000 IU/kg, respectively.

Controlling the success of superovulatory treatments in ewes: Comparing laparoscopy to transrectal and transvaginal ultrasonography.

In small ruminants, assessing the success of superovulatory treatments can be challenging, as there is considerable variability between individual animals. The current "gold standard" for examination of the superovulated ovaries is laparoscopy. B-mode ultrasonography with a transrectal or transvaginal transducer can also be used to locate the ovarian structures.

Complete blood count changes according to age and parity in pregnant Hanwoo beef cows one month before delivery.

Previous studies have been conducted on age- and parity-related complete blood count (CBC) changes in adult dairy cows. This study aimed to confirm these changes in beef cows. Blood samples collected one month before parturition from 434 clinically healthy, pregnant Hanwoo beef cows were analysed.

Pooled CRISPR screens identifies key regulators of bovine stem cell expansion for cultured meat.

Cultured meat presents a sustainable alternative to traditional meat production but faces significant challenges in scalability and cost efficiency. A key limitation is the restricted proliferation capacity of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), a widely used cell source in the field. Using a pooled, lentiviral CRISPR knockout screen, we interrogated 3000 CRISPR guides targeting 600 genes involved in stem cell regulation or proliferation.

Porcine respiratory disease complex induces pulmonary fibrosis related to the aberrant sphingolipid metabolism.

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a common syndrome in the modern swine industry worldwide, and its pathogenesis remains unclear to date. Our study aimed to investigate PRDC-induced pulmonary fibrosis and sphingolipid metabolism, and their relationship. Mouse and cell line (A549 and 3D4/21) models exposed to bleomycin and/or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were developed.

Expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and αKlotho in two commercial laying hen strains fed with and without dietary mineral P supplements before and after the onset of the laying phase.

Maintenance of phosphate homeostasis is particularly critical in laying hens for bone formation and calcium mobilization. The supplementation of their feed with mineral phosphate is common although recent research questions the usual levels of supplementation. Phosphate homeostasis is classically regulated by active vitamin D (calcitriol) and parathyroid hormone, whereas fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and its co-receptor αKlotho are novel factors.

The genetic structure and selective sweep analysis of meat pigeon breeds raised in Hainan using whole genome resequencing technology.

To investigate the genetic relationships and domestication status of Hainan meat pigeon populations, whole-genome sequencing was performed on 70 individuals across seven breeds: Shiqi (SQ), Silver King (SK), Shenwang (SW), Dabao (DB), Tianxiang No.1 (TX), Hybrid King (HK), and White Carneau (WC), with each breed represented by 10 individuals (5 males and 5 females). From 824 Gb of high-quality sequencing data, we identified 13,347,452 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Phenotype and genetic characterization of the egg-laying related traits in indigenous Beijing-You chickens.

Egg is one of the most accessible sources of animal protein, and indigenous chicken breeds have gained increasing attention in recent years due to consumers' growing demand for diversified egg products. Genetic improvement of these breeds has become critical for enhancing the economic sustainability. This study aimed to characterize individual laying patterns and estimate genetic parameters for egg production, oviposition intervals, and other clutch-related traits in indigenous Beijing-You chickens, providing effective indicators for within breed selection.

Chromium picolinate alleviates heat stress-induced breast muscle glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in broiler chickens.

To date, extensive research has shown that heat stress disturbs glucose and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Recent evidence suggests that chromium supplementation influences metabolic regulation, particularly in glucose and lipid homeostasis in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in the breast muscle of broiler chickens under chronic heat stress.

Multidimensional Phenotypic and Microbiome Studies Uncover an Association Between Reduced Feed Efficiency in Sheep During Mycoplasmal Pneumonia and Microbial Crosstalk Within the Rumen-Lung Axis.

Mycoplasmal pneumonia of sheep (MPS), caused by , profoundly impacts ovine productivity and survival. Although gut-lung microbiota interactions are increasingly recognized in respiratory diseases, whether similar crosstalk occurs between the lung and rumen microbiota in MPS-affected sheep remains unknown. To investigate alterations in the lung and rumen microbiota of sheep with MPS, the crosstalk between these microbial communities, and their impacts on growth phenotypes.

Effects of Rumen-Protected Methionine, Choline, and Betaine Supplementation on Ewes' Pregnancy and Reproductive Outcomes.

This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation with rumen-protected methionine (RPM), alone or combined with rumen-protected choline (RPC) and betaine (RPB), during the periconceptional and prepartum periods on reproductive outcomes and offspring performance in Chios ewes. One hundred synchronized ewes were assigned to three groups-control (no supplementation), M (5.50 g RPM/day), and MCB (3.

Isotonic Protein Solution Supplementation Enhances Growth Performance, Intestinal Immunity, and Beneficial Microbiota in Suckling Piglets.

Suckling is crucial for piglet intestinal development and gut health, as it improves resilience during the challenging weaning phase and promotes subsequent growth. IPS, comprising Na/K ions, whey protein, and glucose, has been shown to have positive effects on animal growth and intestinal health. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of IPS consumption on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal growth and development, and microbiota structure of suckling piglets.

High Prevalence of Virulence and Genes Encoding Carbapenemases Among Isolates from Hospitalised Patients in Three Regions of Poland.

Infections caused by are increasing worldwide. We evaluated the antibiotic resistance profile, biofilm production, and the frequency of 12 genes encoding carbapenemases and 13 virulence factors in 90 isolates from patients of three hospitals in various regions of Poland. Antibiotic resistance survey was performed using the disc-diffusion method, genes encoding resistance to carbapenems and virulence factors were detected with PCR, and biofilm formation was tested using microtiter plates.

Investigating the Alleviating Effects of Dihydromyricetin on Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Insights from Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Analysis.

Mastitis is a common disease for dairy cows that exerts tremendously detrimental impacts on the productivity of cows and economic viability of pasture. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavonoid monomeric compound that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This study aimed at dissecting the effects of DMY on the lactation performance, blood parameters, gut microbiota, and metabolite profiles of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis (SM).

Maillard Reaction-Derived Carbon Nanodots: Food-Origin Nanomaterials with Emerging Functional and Biomedical Potential.

The Maillard reaction (MR), a non-enzymatic interaction between reducing sugars and amino compounds, plays a pivotal role in developing the flavor, color, and aroma of thermally processed foods. Beyond its culinary relevance, the MR gives rise to a structurally diverse array of compounds, including a novel class of fluorescent nanomaterials known as carbon nanodots (CNDs). These Maillard-derived CNDs, although primarily incidental in food systems, exhibit physicochemical characteristics-such as aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, and tunable fluorescence-that are similar to engineered CNDs currently explored in biomedical fields.

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Mutualism, Antagonism, and Competition.

The interaction between bacteria and fungi is one of the key interactions of microbial ecology, including mutualism, antagonism, and competition, which profoundly affects the balance and functions of animal microbial ecosystems. This article reviews the interactive dynamics of bacteria and fungi in more concerned microenvironments in animals, such as gut, rumen, and skin. Moreover, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and ecological functions of the interaction between bacteria and fungi.