Beef Breeding Systems and Preferences for Breeding Objective Traits.

Our study aimed to identify the overall and cluster-specific characteristics of Czech beef cattle breeding systems. We used data from an online survey to ascertain farmers' preferences in breeding objectives. Considering various evaluation criteria and clustering approaches in 41 farms, three beef systems were defined according to herd size, management, marketing, breeding strategies and structures, and farmer age.

Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is known to increase in human cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal diseases. In human medicine, TMAO has recently been utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for renal dysfunction, and research is ongoing regarding its potential as a therapeutic target. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of TMAO as a supportive biomarker in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Induction of Triploid Grass Carp () and Changes in Embryonic Transcriptome.

Grass carp is an economically important cultured species in China. Triploid embryo production is widely applied in aquaculture to achieve reproductive sterility, improve somatic growth, and reduce ecological risks associated with uncontrolled breeding. In this study, a simple cold shock method for inducing triploid grass carp was developed.

Establishment of chromatin architecture interplays with embryo hypertranscription.

After fertilization, early embryos undergo dissolution of conventional chromatin organization, including topologically associating domains (TADs). Zygotic genome activation then commences amid unusually slow de novo establishment of three-dimensional chromatin architecture. How chromatin organization is established and how it interplays with transcription in early mammalian embryos remain elusive.

Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of sow resilience based on reproductive traits.

Robust animals, which are generally less susceptible to disease and require fewer medications, have greater resilience. As big data collection technologies have progressed, discovering new indicators of resilience by examining longitudinal data has become feasible. Environmental factor-induced variability in reproductive traits may affect an animal's ability to adjust to changing environmental circumstances.

Green Synthesised Carbon Nanodots Using the Maillard Reaction for the Rapid Detection of Elemental Selenium in Water and Carbonated Beverages.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element involved in antioxidant redox regulation, thyroid hormone metabolism, and cancer prevention. Among its different forms, elemental selenium (Se), particularly at the nanoscale, has gained growing attention in food, feed, and biomedical applications due to its lower toxicity and higher bioavailability compared to inorganic selenium species. However, the detection of Se in real samples remains challenging as current analytical methods are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and often unsuitable for rapid analysis.

Improved genomic prediction accuracy by genetic relatedness using a crossbred pig population.

Genomic prediction is crucial in animal breeding because it facilitates the selection of superior individuals based on genotype data. The success of genomic prediction is determined by its accuracy, which depends on the size of the reference population and relatedness between the reference and test populations. However, not all populations have large, highly genetically related reference populations.

Brevibacillus laterosporus BL1 improves intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis and modulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Background: High-fat diet (HFD)-induced intestinal damage contributes to metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Brevibacillus laterosporus, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, has been approved as a microbial feed additive in the breeding industry and may improve intestinal health. This study investigated whether B.

Breed-specific humoral immune responses to lumpy skin disease vaccination and its associated factors in cattle.

Aims: To evaluate the humoral immune response to the initial Lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccination in three cattle breeds, namely Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), Holstein, and Jersey, up to 18 weeks post-vaccination.

Methods: Overall, 65 cattle were vaccinated with the live attenuated Neethling strain of the LSD vaccine (Lumpyvax®, MSD Animal Health). Antibody titers were measured using ELISA from blood samples collected before and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 weeks post-vaccination.

Sustainable management of antibiotic-contaminated livestock carcasses for climate change mitigation.

Using antibiotics in livestock farming has raised serious concerns, particularly about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the discharge of residual antibiotics from livestock carcasses (LSC). Due to the low C-to-N ratio (≤4.4) and persistent antibiotic residues post-rendering, dead livestock are not suitable for conventional treatments such as composting and anaerobic digestion.

Roles of JNK, ERK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in zinc-mediated alleviation of thermal stress-induced damage to the integrity and barrier function of primary cultured chick jejunal epithelial cells.

This study investigated the precise alleviating mechanisms of Zn on chick embryonic jejunal epithelial cells under thermal stress (TS) and elucidated signaling pathways directly involved in this process. Experiment 1 identified the effective concentrations of inhibitors or agonists for extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.

Nutritional impacts of dietary selenium and iodine and their interaction on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and bone quality in Longyan ducklings.

1. This study evaluated the effects of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) supplementation and their interaction on growth performance by antioxidant capacity and bone quality development of ducklings aged from hatch to 7 weeks.2.

A rapid and highly sensitive CRISPR assay utilizing Cas12a orthologs for the detection of Novel Duck Reovirus.

The Novel Duck Reovirus (NDRV) seriously threatens the global poultry industry due to the lack of effective therapies. Preventive measures for NDRV heavily depend on early disease detection, highlighting the need for rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods. This study used Cas12a orthologs Gs12-18 to develop a visual CRISPR-based detection assay targeting the NDRV S3 gene.

Research note: Chicken seminal plasma metabolome and fertility-enhancing effects of l-carnitine supplementation in semen.

Sperm motility is crucial for poultry reproductive efficiency. Seminal plasma is an essential component of semen, and its constituents are linked to sperm motility. This study investigated metabolomics in chicken seminal plasma associated with sperm motility and explored the fertility-enhancing potential of l-carnitine.

Phytochemical extracts from the leaves and stem of red sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench) potentially improve in vitro fermentation by modulating rumen protozoa.

Plants enriched with phytochemicals potentially improve nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in dairy cows. We hypothesized that phytochemicals extracted from the leaves and stem of red sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench; RSLS) and its fractions could regulate rumen protozoa and nitrogen utilization.

IAV inhibits the host antiviral defense mediated by LncRNA-LRIR to enhance viral replication.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides(nt) with no protein-coding potential. Accumulating evidence indicates that the interaction between lncRNAs and influenza A virus (IAV) plays an crucial role in multiple biological processes, including host antiviral immunity and regulating viral replication. However, the mechanisms by which IAV resists antiviral immunity and enhances its replication by inhibiting lncRNA-mediated antiviral defense remain largely unexplored.

Study on the mechanism of LNC004268 regulating sheep myoblast proliferation and differentiation through hnRNPK-CNOT2 Axis.

The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can bind to transcription factors or RNA-binding proteins to play important regulatory roles in muscle growth and development. This study investigated the functional role of the LNC_004268 in sheep myoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as its interaction with the RNA-binding protein hnRNPK and the downstream target gene CNOT2. LNC_004268 shows higher expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Small-tailed Han sheep (STH) compared to Sunite sheep (SNT) and is primarily localized in the nucleus.

Comparative analysis of model antigen expression level driven by the microneme protein promoters in Eimeria tenella: HIGH-EXPRESSION LEVEL MICRONEME PROTEIN PROMOTER.

Coccidiosis is the most severe parasitic disease affecting the poultry industry, and live vaccines have played a pivotal role in its prevention and control, making them the most successful parasitic disease vaccines in commercial use. The components of live coccidiosis vaccines, which serve as vaccine vectors for presenting antigens from other pathogens, offer several advantages and provide a promising new option for disease control in modern poultry farming. Enhancing the expression of heterologous antigens within the complex components of Eimeria is a key strategy for optimizing coccidial vectors and improving immune efficacy.

Structural basis for Salmonella infection by two Microviridae phages.

The global resurgence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species, responsible for millions of annual infections, underscores the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies, such as phage therapy. Microviridae phages offer a promising model for studying phage-host interactions with their unique structural and infection mechanisms. Here, we identify two Microviridae phages, PJNS001 and PJNS002, with different host receptor dependencies, and determine their cryo-EM structures at 2.

Glucuronolactone improves lung injury caused by PRRSV and DON co-challenge by enhancing the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant capacity in weaning piglets.

In the pig industry, both deoxynivalenol (DON) challenge and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection can negatively impact the growth performance of pigs, thereby impairing the healthy development of the industry. Glucuronolactone (GLU) has been shown to be a potent antioxidant that helps alleviate oxidative stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of GLU on oxidative stress and lung injury induced by co-challenge with PRRSV and DON.

Effects of xylanase and phytase supplementation in diets containing leaf meal on intestinal morphology and the relative size and weight of internal organs of laying hens.

leaf meal (MOL) can be an alternative food in poultry diets. Still, their use is limited due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and phytates. The supply of leaves associated with exogenous enzymes can influence the weight, size, and morphology of the intestine, accessory glands, and reproductive system of laying hens.

Protamine sequence determines species-specific nuclear shape and histone retention.

The nuclear shape observed after the forced expression of mouse or human protamine 1 (PRM1) in fibroblasts led us to propose the hypothesis that the PRM1 sequence plays an important role in imposing the overall shape of the protaminized nucleus. Comparison of mouse and human PRM1 sequences pointed to cysteines 15 and 29 as potential critical residues in the mouse PRM1 sequence, inducing the characteristic mouse "hooked" nuclear sperm shape. To explore this idea, mice with mutations in PRM1 Cys15 and Cys29 were generated.

The Src family kinases contribute to MII arrest maintenance in aging porcine oocytes.

Mature mammalian oocytes arrest meiosis in metaphase II (MII). If the oocyte is not fertilized, it can spontaneously break the MII arrest. Spontaneous activation and postovulatory aging hinder precisely timed and regulated embryonic development.

Turmeric bioactive compounds in poultry nutrition: current status and future prospects.

Successful poultry producers aim to maximize their meat, egg, or offspring yields while also satisfying the quality expectations of consumers. Even when raised under controlled conditions, poultry are exposed to diverse stressors, such as the hatching process, transportation from hatcheries to farms, vaccination, presence of mycotoxins in feedstuffs, and transportation to slaughter houses, which can have unfavorable impacts on their immunity, productivity, reproductive performance, meat, egg yield, and quality. Curcumin (Cur) is a polyphenolic bioactive molecule found in turmeric, which is used as a natural feed additive in poultry production.

Longitudinal characterization of plasma amino acids, biogenic amines, and amino acid-related metabolites in heifers from birth to first calving in response to colostrum and transition milk feeding.

This study presents the first comprehensive longitudinal metabolomic profiling of plasma AA, biogenic amines, and AA-related metabolites in Holstein heifers from birth to first calving, with a focus on developmental dynamics and the influence of colostrum and transition milk (TM) feeding. Thirty female Holstein calves were enrolled. Newborn calves were fed ∼3.