Improving HER2 Diagnostics with Digital Real-Time PCR for Ultrafast, Precise Prediction of Anti-HER2 Therapy Response in Patients with Breast Cancer.

While human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) has emerged as a tumor-agnostic biomarker, standard HER2 testing for anti-HER2 therapies using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays remains subjective, time-consuming, and often inaccurate. To address these limitations, an ultrafast and precise HER2 testing method is developed using Lab-On-An-Array (LOAA) digital real-time PCR (drPCR), a fully automated digital PCR enabling real-time absolute quantification. A multicenter study involving four independent breast cancer cohorts cross-validates the high diagnostic accuracy of drPCR-based HER2 assessment.

YOLO-PTHD: A UAV-Based Deep Learning Model for Detecting Visible Phenotypic Signs of Pine Decline Induced by the Invasive Woodwasp (Hymenoptera, Siricidae).

is an invasive pest that contributes to pine tree decline, leading to visual symptoms such as needle discoloration, crown thinning, and eventual tree death. Detecting these visible phenotypic signs from drone imagery is challenging due to elongated or irregular crown shapes, weak color differences, and occlusion within dense forests. This study introduces YOLO-PTHD, a lightweight deep learning model designed for detecting visible signs of pine decline in UAV images.

Landscape of Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research in Breast Cancer Survivors: Topic Modeling Analysis.

Physical activity (PA) is widely recognized as a beneficial approach to improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of breast cancer survivors. This study explored key research topics and emerging trends in studies related to PA and HRQoL among breast cancer survivors. Titles and abstracts of 3847 English-language research articles (2000-2024) were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords related to 'breast cancer', 'PA/exercise', and 'HRQoL'.

Role and mechanism of botanical drugs and their metabolites in osteoporosis: new strategies for clinical application.

Osteoporosis, the most prevalent bone disease worldwide, is characterized by reduced bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Current pharmacological agents for osteoporosis management include bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen, denosumab, and romosozumab. However, emerging evidence suggests these therapies may increase risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, osteonecrosis, and cardiovascular diseases.

Brevibacillus laterosporus BL1 improves intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis and modulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Background: High-fat diet (HFD)-induced intestinal damage contributes to metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Brevibacillus laterosporus, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, has been approved as a microbial feed additive in the breeding industry and may improve intestinal health. This study investigated whether B.

Sex differences in drug-induced osteoporosis: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.

Background: Osteoporosis is a prevalent condition globally, often linked to a significant risk of fractures. Drug-induced osteoporosis (DIOP) is an increasingly recognized adverse effect of various medications, but the sex-specific risks and time-to-onset patterns remain inadequately understood. Addressing these gaps in knowledge is critical to improving patient safety and pharmacovigilance.

Predicting the Outcome of Lymphovenous Anastomosis for Lower Extremity Lymphedema through Lymphoscintigraphy.

Lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) is an effective treatment for restoring lymphatic function in patients with lymphedema. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in female patients undergoing LVA for lower extremity lymphedema (LEL). Female patients with unilateral LEL who underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy followed by LVA were retrospectively examined.

Isotopologue Ratios Identify C-Depleted Biomarkers in Environmental Samples Impacted by Methane Turnover.

Rationale: The stable carbon isotopic composition (δC) of individual lipids is of great value in studying carbon cycling. Among those, microbial lipids in sediments impacted by high methane turnover stand out due to their uniquely depleted isotopic fingerprint. However, gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/irMS) is limited to volatile compounds, whereas intact polar lipids require extensive preprocessing, which results in the loss of chemotaxonomic information.

Distinct levels of DDIT3 Amplification in Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Developing After DDIT3 Rearrangement in Myxoid Liposarcoma.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a high-grade tumor characterized by its diverse histomorphology and development from atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDLPS). The variable morphology of DDLPS, particularly its similarity to myxoid LPS, necessitates a reliable diagnostic tool for accurate diagnosis. While DDIT3 rearrangement is a known characteristic of myxoid LPS, its amplification in DDLPS has not been extensively studied.

Hollow MoS/MoO Nanoreactors Optimize Triethylamine Oxidation Route for Boosted Sensing Performance.

Triethylamine (TEA), a strong irritating and combustible gas, is extremely dangerous to both human health and the surrounding environment. However, developing TEA sensors with high sensitivity and fast response remains a great challenge. Herein, we report hollow nanoreactors to optimize the TEA oxidation route for boosted sensing performance.

Evaluation of oral and injectable liposome-based vaccines with synthesized lipid for Japanese encephalitis virus in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Purpose: Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes severe neurological complications and high mortality rates in Asia. Developing vaccines is crucial for controlling its spread. Liposomes, as advanced drug delivery systems, have demonstrated promise in reducing systemic toxicity and enhancing drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier.

Regulation of BBB function and pathological evolution of PD by microenvironment "spatiotemporal gradient": unique advantages of microfluidic chips.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, exhibits an exceedingly intricate pathological process characterized by multifaceted neuronal loss, inflammatory responses, protein misfolding, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. In the pathogenesis of PD, the BBB serves not only as a protective interface for the central nervous system but also actively contributes to the regulation of neural microenvironment homeostasis. Consequently, its impaired functionality can markedly exacerbate disease progression.

MSN/STAT3 drives cancer stemness and chemoresistance via IL-6/LPAR1 ligand receptor complex in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major clinical challenge in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an intrinsic subtype with limited available therapeutic options. The expression of moesin (MSN) is upregulated in TNBC patients, but little is known about the role of MSN in breast carcinogenesis.

Methods: We investigated the MSN-dependent autocrine loop between extracellular interleukin 6 (IL-6) and NF-κB, along with a signaling cascade involving GTPase-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation.

Identification of CDK2 as a key apoptotic gene for predicting cervical cancer prognosis using bioinformatics and machine learning.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify apoptosis - related genes with diagnostic and prognostic value in cervical cancer (CC) using integrated bioinformatics and machine learning approaches.

Methods: Gene expression datasets were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with GSE192897 used as the training set. A total of 451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 221 upregulated and 230 downregulated genes.

A tale of two nitrous oxide reductases: a cautionary perspective.

Nitrous oxide reductases (N2OR) are the sole sink of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (NO) in the environment. Having been studied for decades, N2OR have attracted renewed attention following the discovery of a previously unrecognized clade, now termed clade II. This clade exhibits unexpectedly widespread taxonomic distribution and prevalence across diverse environments, prompting research efforts to define and assign distinct clade-specific traits.

Unveiling the neglected role of alcohols and phenolic compounds in photocatalysis HO generation chemistry.

Alcohols are promising sacrificial agents for improving the photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) through reaction with holes, inhibiting the electron-hole recombination. However, the side effects of alcohols on oxygen reduction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation remain controversial due to intrinsic formation of organic peroxides under irradiation in the presence of air or oxygen. To address this, we employ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in-situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to directly monitor intermediate species and eliminate false-positive results on HO production.

Comprehensive multi-omics approach reveals critical genes and immunometabolic networks in glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of 4%-7% and median survival of 12-18 months despite treatment advances. Its complex genetic profile and immunosuppressive microenvironment underscore the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets.

Methods: We conducted an integrative multi-omics study combining bioinformatics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and Mendelian Randomization (MR).

Global research trends on Chinese patent drugs inducing programmed cell death in cancer: a bibliometric analysis (1998-2024).

Background: Chinese patent drugs, standardized formulations rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, have gained attention for their potential to induce programmed cell death (PCD) in cancer cells. Emerging evidence suggests that these formulations may affect multiple PCD pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, thus offering a multifaceted approach to tumor suppression.

Objectives: This study aimed to map the global research landscape on Chinese patent drugs in cancer-related PCD, examining publication trends, principal contributors, and thematic evolutions.

PubMed knowledge graph 2.0: Connecting papers, patents, and clinical trials in biomedical science.

Papers, patents, and clinical trials are essential scientific resources in biomedicine, crucial for knowledge sharing and dissemination. However, these documents are often stored in disparate databases with varying management standards and data formats, making it challenging to form systematic and fine-grained connections among them. To address this issue, we construct PKG 2.

Predicting reverse remodeling following valve replacement in patients with valvular heart disease: a longitudinal Tc-FAPI SPECT/CT imaging study.

Purpose: In patients with valvular heart disease (VHD), fibroblast activation induced by pressure or volume overload can be identified by molecular imaging with fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI). The study sought to explore the potential of serial FAPI imaging for monitoring the reverse myocardial remodeling triggered by valve replacement.

Methods: A cohort of 31 VHD patients scheduled for transcatheter or surgical valve replacement underwent Tc-FAPI SPECT/CT imaging and echocardiography.

Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Population-Based Study.

/: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be closely associated with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and mortality, and is a growing public health concern in South Korea. While conventional cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for OSA, the impact of electronic cigarette use on OSA remains poorly understood. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between electronic cigarette use and the risk of OSA among Korean adults.

Microglia in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Mediate Synaptic Pruning via the C1q/C3-CR3 Signaling Pathway-A Mechanism for the Chronic Orofacial Pain.

The mechanism of chronic orofacial pain was investigated by examining the interaction between activated microglia, C1q, and neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) of rats with orofacial pain caused by temporomandibular joint injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The results demonstrated that the pain threshold in the CFA group exhibited a continuous decline, reaching its lowest point on the third day. During the modeling process, administered daily stereotactic injections of ANX-005 and minocycline into the RVM, which resulted in a notable recovery in the rats' pain threshold and a significant increase in C1q/C3 and microglia in the RVM of CFA rats.

Anlotinib combined with benmelstobart as a chemo-free first-line treatment in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an exploratory multicenter, single-arm phase II clinical trial.

Background: No combined antiangiogenic and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has been investigated as a chemo-free first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with benmelstobart as a chemo-free treatment in previously untreated advanced ESCC, and identifies potential predictive biomarkers using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods: ALTER-E-003, a single-arm, open-label phase II trial, enrolled patients with advanced ESCC across five Chinese centers.

Identification of related substances in letrozole using LC-Q-TOF/MS.

Letrozole, a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor of the triazole class, is widely used in breast cancer treatment. Its quality and stability directly influence therapeutic efficacy and safety. However, systematic characterization of its related substances (RSs) remains insufficiently documented.

Emission fluxes of nitrous acid (HONO) from livestock and poultry wastes.

Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) is a critical contributor to daytime hydroxyl radical in the troposphere. Livestock farming has been recognized as an overlooked HONO source, but the lack of detailed flux measurements from livestock and poultry wastes would cause uncertainties in modeling its environmental impacts. Here, based on field flux measurements and laboratory experiments, we observed substantial HONO emissions from the composting of swine feces and chicken manure in the warm season, which might be mainly attributed to nitrification process in livestock and poultry wastes.