Development and validation of a recombinant Rap1-based lateral flow immunoassay for rapid serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis in Kazakhstan.

Background And Aim: Bovine babesiosis, caused by , poses significant economic challenges to Kazakhstan's cattle industry. Early and accurate detection is crucial for interrupting transmission cycles, particularly in regions lacking advanced diagnostic infrastructure. This study aimed to develop a rapid lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using a recombinant C-terminal fragment of the recombinant rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rRap1) antigen for the serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis.

Physicochemical, polymeric and microbial modifications of wood toward advanced functional applications: a review.

As concern for environmental sustainability continues to grow, wood, as a renewable resource and a composite of natural polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), has garnered increasing research attention. Traditional wood may have certain limitations in specific applications, such as being susceptible to moisture and biological degradation, as well as shortcomings in strength and durability. Therefore, wood modification has become a crucial strategy to enhance its performance and broaden its range of applications.

Photoacoustic-imaging nanomotors enhance tumor penetration and alleviate hypoxia for photodynamic therapy of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, yet conventional therapies are invasive and prone to resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising noninvasive modality, but its efficacy is limited by tumor hypoxia and poor photosensitizer delivery. Here, we report a photoacoustic-imaging nanomotor, PPIC, which addresses these challenges through integrated functions of oxygen production, deep tissue penetration and photoacoustic imaging.

Integrating intrinsic lightweight, superhard, and magnetic properties in 3D covalent fullerene C networks: a first-principles study.

Multifunctional materials that simultaneously possess intrinsic magnetic and superhard properties, particularly those composed of light elements, have a wide range of applications in advanced sensors, shielding, durable devices, and other fields. However, research on the development and understanding of such materials remains limited. In this study, a series of 3D C covalent networks derived from the C fullerene precursor were theoretically designed.

Facial nerve pathology: emerging strategies for regeneration and functional restoration.

Facial nerve injuries cause significant functional impairments, affect facial expressions, speech, and overall quality of life. This article explores advances in facial nerve regeneration, encompassing both conventional and emerging therapeutic strategies. The regenerative process involves Wallerian degeneration, axonal regrowth, and target muscle reinnervation, where the distal axon degrades and the proximal axon initiates sprouting to restore connectivity.

Graphene/mesoporous carbon/ZIF-derived carbon heterostructures interface-reinforced assembly for capacitive energy storage.

We report the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) graphene/mesoporous carbon/ZIF-derived microporous carbon (G/MC/ZDC-A) heterostructures through an interface-reinforced assembly. This hierarchical architecture synergistically integrates 2D graphene nanosheets with 0D ZDC nanoparticles a mesoporous carbon "binder", effectively mitigating the agglomeration issue while establishing continuous charge transport pathways. When configurated as symmetric supercapacitors with EMIMBF electrolyte, the obtained G/MC/ZDC-A demonstrates decent capacitive performance: a high specific capacitance (240 F g at 0.

Single-Molecule Dual-Anchor Design Enables Extreme-Condition Lithium Metal Batteries Through Solvation Reconstruction and Cathode Polymerization.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have emerged as the most promising candidate for next-generation high-energy-density energy storage systems. However, their practical implementation is hindered by the inability of conventional carbonate electrolytes to simultaneously stabilize the lithium metal anode and LiNiCoMnO (NCM811) cathode interfaces, particularly under extreme operating conditions. Herein, we present a transformative molecular design using 3,5-difluorophenylboronic acid neopentyl glycol ester (DNE), which uniquely integrates dual interfacial stabilization mechanisms in a single molecule.

Multi-orbital hybridization in a one-dimensional monolayer of DPh-BTBT.

[1]Benzothieno[3,2-][1]benzothiophene (BTBT)-based molecules exhibit remarkably high hole mobility, sparking interest in their charge transport mechanisms. However, for thin films, the theoretically proposed mixed-orbital charge transport (MOCT) mechanism, which involves the hybridization of different frontier orbitals between neighboring molecules in the bulk, remains unexplored both experimentally and theoretically. In this study, we prepared a monolayer of 2,7-diphenyl-BTBT (DPh-BTBT) with a unique one-dimensional structure and investigated its molecular-level structure and electronic state.

Continuous Flow Photocatalysis Boosting C─N Coupling for Sustainable High-Efficiency Formamide Synthesis.

The construction of C─N bonds from simple precursors under ambient conditions is a fundamental challenge in green chemistry, especially when it comes to avoiding energy-intensive protocols. Here, we present a continuous flow photocatalytic platform that enables the efficient coupling of C─N bonds between methanol and ammonia at ambient temperature and pressure. By synergistically engineering a Pd clusters-decorated TiO photocatalyst (1Pd/TiO) and a mass transfer-enhanced gas-liquid-solid Taylor flow reactor, the system achieves a remarkable formamide productivity of 256.

A machine learning based dual-energy CT elemental decomposition method and its physical-biological impacts on carbon ion therapy.

Background: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enhances material differentiation by leveraging energy-dependent attenuation properties particularly for carbon ion therapy. Accurate estimation of tissue elemental composition via DECT can improve quantification of physical and biological doses.

Objective: This study proposed a novel machine-learning-based DECT (ML-DECT) method to predict the physical density and mass ratios of H, C, N, O, P, and Ca.

Cancer Neuroscience: Decoding Neural Circuitry in Tumor Evolution for Targeted Therapy.

Recent breakthroughs in tumor biology have redefined the tumor microenvironment as a dynamic ecosystem in which the nervous system has emerged as a pivotal regulator of oncogenesis. In addition to their classical developmental roles, neural‒tumor interactions orchestrate a sophisticated network that drives cancer initiation, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic evasion. This crosstalk operates through multimodal mechanisms, including paracrine signaling, electrophysiological interactions, and structural innervation guided by axon-derived guidance molecules.

Ribonuclease-Based Immunotoxins as Anticancer Agents.

Ribonucleases (RNases) represent a distinct category of nucleases that facilitate RNA degradation into smaller components. These enzymes are particularly adept at dismantling RNA strands and other materials. A promising strategy for the targeted treatment of cancer cells involves the administration of antibody-based toxic agents designed to eliminate tumor cells specifically.

A Flexible, Wear-Resistant, Ultrablack Coating Modified by an Antireflective Layer Prepared with a Dry-Wet Hybrid Deposition Methodology.

The development of ultrablack coatings with exceptional absorption (>98%) has historically faced significant scientific and engineering challenges, primarily due to limitations in material selection, structural design, and practical durability. Considering the difficulties in practical applications of ultrablack materials with micro/nano structures and the limitations of planar ultrablack coatings in optical performance, we introduce an innovative integration of conventional planar ultrablack coatings with a specifically engineered trilayer antireflection architecture. This hybrid system incorporates a refractive index distribution (1.

Controlling the Regioselectivity of Topochemical Reduction Reactions Through Sequential Anion Insertion and Extraction.

Topochemical reduction of the n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper oxide, LaSrCoRuO, yields LaSrCoRuO, a phase containing (Co/Ru)O squares which share corners to form 1D infinite double-chains. In contrast, fluorination of LaSrCoRuO yields the oxyfluoride LaSrCoRuOF, which can then be reduced to form LaSrCoRuOF. This reduced oxyfluoride is almost isoelectronic with LaSrCoRuO, but LaSrCoRuOF has a crystal structure in which the (Co/Ru)O squares are connected into 2D infinite sheets.

Visible Light-Driven Membrane-Bound Compartment for Precise Regulation of Enzyme Activity.

Photo-responsive systems provide a powerful tool to reversibly regulate enzyme activity. However, inhibitor-based strategies, though widely used, are often restricted to specific enzymes. Noninhibitor strategies, such as enzyme surface modification or genetic mutation, often compromise structural integrity or residual activity.

Competing Grain Growth Pathways in Anisotropic BiTe-Based Thermoelectric Nanoplates.

Thermoelectric nanoplates derived from anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) materials such as BiTe are pivotal for flexible electronics and microscale thermal management. Their performance critically depends on grain boundary (GB) microstructure, but the atomic-scale mechanisms governing grain growth in these highly anisotropic systems remain elusive. This particularly concerns the competition between individual nanoplate reshaping driven by facet stabilization and collective merging at GBs.

Interstitial Cobalt in Pt Shell of Pd@Pt Mesoporous Core-Shell Nanospheres with Strong d-d Orbital Hybridization for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation.

Ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) is critical for efficient ammonia utilization as a hydrogen carrier, yet state-of-the-art Pt-based catalysts suffer significant activity loss due to strong NO species (NO, NO) adsorption. Herein, Pd@Pt mesoporous core-shell nanospheres with interstitial Co in Pt shell (Pd@Pt-Co MCSN) are demonstrated as an excellent AOR electrocatalyst, which achieves a mass activity of 293.6 A g at 0.

Application of High-Entropy Materials in Promoting Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Cycle.

Nitrogen cycle is a fundamental biogeochemical loop existed for millions of years, which involves the transformation of nitrogen-containing chemicals in the environment. However, human activities, especially those since the Industrial Revolution, have significantly disrupted this balance, leading to environmental and energy challenges. Electrocatalysis nitrogen cycle (ENC) offers a promising alternative for the sustainable transformation of nitrogen compounds en route toward rebalancing, with reactions such as the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) and nitrate/nitrite reduction reaction (eNORR/eNORR) emerging as sustainable alternatives to the traditional Haber-Bosch process.

COMBINATORIC: Carbon Ion Boost With Photons or Protons in Salivary Gland and Sinonasal Cancers.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of combining carbon ion radiotherapy boost (CIRTb) with photons (Ph) or protons (PT) for locally advanced salivary gland and sinonasal cancers (SGCs and SNCs).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-nine patients with SGCs and SNCs received CIRTb to high-risk CTV and Ph or PT to low-risk CTV (LR-CTV) from October 2014 to September 2022. Two-year local relapse-free survival (LRFS) was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier.

Lewis Acid-Driven Weak Electrostatic Interaction of Polybenzimidazole-Based Membrane for Alkaline Zinc-Iron Redox Flow Batteries.

Alkaline zinc-iron flow batteries (AZIFBs) are one of the promising aqueous redox chemistries for large-scale energy storage due to their intrinsic safety and low cost. However, the energy efficiency (EE) and power density of batteries with low-cost polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are still limited due to the relatively poor ionic conductivity of PBI in an alkaline medium. Here, this study proposes a novel chemical approach for regulating the chemical environment of the PBI membrane.

comprehensive review of ciprofloxacin pollution in water: sources, environmental impacts, remediation techniques, and research challenges.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has become a significant contaminant in aquatic environments due to its extensive use and incomplete metabolism. This review comprehensively analyses CIP pollution, including its sources, environmental and health impacts, and removal strategies. Chemical methods such as advanced oxidation processes and physical techniques like adsorption are evaluated for their efficiency in CIP removal.

The X-Age Project to construct a Chinese aging clock.

The global surge in the population of people 60 years and older, including that in China, challenges healthcare systems with rising age-related diseases. To address this demographic change, the Aging Biomarker Consortium (ABC) has launched the X-Age Project to develop a comprehensive aging evaluation system tailored to the Chinese population. Our goal is to identify robust biomarkers and construct composite aging clocks that capture biological age, defined as an individual's physiological and molecular state, across diverse Chinese cohorts.

Optoelectronic polymer memristors with dynamic control for power-efficient in-sensor edge computing.

As the demand for edge platforms in artificial intelligence increases, including mobile devices and security applications, the surge in data influx into edge devices often triggers interference and suboptimal decision-making. There is a pressing need for solutions emphasizing low power consumption and cost-effectiveness. In-sensor computing systems employing memristors face challenges in optimizing energy efficiency and streamlining manufacturing due to the necessity for multiple physical processing components.

Scalable Solvent-Free Synthesis of a Linear Heteroaromatic Trimer with Crystallization-Induced Phosphorescence.

The polymerization mechanism and the identification of key oligomer intermediates during the thermal condensation of benzoguanamine (BG) remain unclear. Herein, we report a novel mixed thermal condensation strategy using BG and a pre-synthesized dimer to selectively synthesize the trimer (BG) with a significantly enhanced yield. Comprehensive characterization techniques confirm the formation of a linear molecular structure for (BG).

Reversible Manipulations of Triangular-Shaped Mirror Twin Boundary Loops in Ultrathin NiTe.

High-density mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) embedded in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have emerged as fascinating platforms for exploring charge density wave and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid-related issues. However, the reversible manipulation of high-density MTBs in 2D TMDCs remains challenging. Herein, we report the first fabrication of high-density MTB loops in ultrathin 1T-NiTe on the SrTiO(001) substrate, by postannealing as-grown 1T-NiTe under Te-deficient conditions.