Chiral spin constrained assemblies for polarized optical mapping.

Optical-enabled identification and interaction provide an integral link between the digital and physical realms. However, nowadays optic-encodings, predominantly reliant on light's intensity and wavelength, are hindered by environmental light interference and limited information capacity. The introduction of unusual polarization states, such as circular polarization-which is absent from ordinary surroundings-holds promise for higher-dimensional interaction.

Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Adipocytes Promotes Atherosclerosis.

Background: Adipocyte dysfunction is closely associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which contribute to systemic metabolic disturbances and atherosclerosis. We previously identified Na/K-ATPase (NKA) α1 as a signal transducer that activates Src family kinases and promotes oxidative stress and inflammation in various cell types, including adipocytes and macrophages. NaKtide, a peptide inhibitor of NKA signaling, has been shown to reduce systemic oxidative stress and inflammation .

Machine Learning in Gel-Based Additive Manufacturing: From Material Design to Process Optimization.

Machine learning is reshaping gel-based additive manufacturing by enabling accelerated material design and predictive process optimization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in applying machine learning across gel formulation development, printability prediction, and real-time process control. The integration of algorithms such as neural networks, random forests, and support vector machines allows accurate modeling of gel properties, including rheology, elasticity, swelling, and viscoelasticity, from compositional and processing data.

Hollow CoNiSe/FeSe Trimetallic Selenides Derived from Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key way to improve the efficiency of electrochemical overall water splitting and thus achieve sustainable energy in the future. Here, a strategy of step-by-step introduction of different metal elements to prepare the delicate hollow nanoboxes of trimetallic selenide (CoNiSe/FeSe) has been presented for boosting OER. By means of ion exchange, chemical etching, and low-temperature gas-phase selenization, the solid zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) has been transformed into the hollow CoNiSe/FeSe in which the nickel element is mainly positioned on the surface of the nanoboxes.

Retinal Photoreceptors and Arterioles Alterations Detected using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy.

Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited in the Guangdong Diabetic Retinopathy Multiple-omics Study (GD-RMOS). Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) was adopted for image acquisition. An AI-based algorithm conducted quantitative analyses of photoreceptor morphology, including cone density, spacing, and regularity.

Mendelian randomization studies on ischemic stroke: a field synopsis and systematic review.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. However, previous observational studies failed to establish the causality between various exposures and IS occurrence. Currently, an increasing number of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have been performed to investigate the causal effects of exposure factors on IS risk, but the results remain inconsistent and inconclusive.

Copper-Catalyzed Selective C(sp)-H Esterification Using Azidobenziodoxole Derivatives as the Mediator.

An efficient and selective copper-catalyzed secondary C(sp)-H esterification has been developed. The reaction of various alkane substrates with azidobenziodoxole derivatives, in the presence of a cuprous iodide catalyst and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid additive, afforded inert aliphatic C-H esterification products. These reactions are selective and compatible with a wide range of functional groups.

Dental trauma in children: monitoring, management, and challenges-a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children pose a significant public health challenge, with a global prevalence of 20-30%. These injuries predominantly affect preschool-aged children (1-3 years) due to underdeveloped motor coordination, while school-aged children face risks from sports and accidents. Maxillary central incisors are most commonly involved, often leading to complications such as pulp necrosis, root resorption, and malocclusion, which impair long-term oral function and aesthetics.

Low harmonic distortion demodulation scheme for PMDI-TDM structure fiber-optic sensor array.

The fiber-optic sensor array based on path-matched differential interferometry (PMDI)-time division multiplexing (TDM) offers the advantages of minimal channel crosstalk and high sensitivity. The 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler demodulation is the commonly employed scheme for PMDI-TDM. However, due to the non-ideal characteristics of the 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler and inconsistencies in multi-channel photodetectors, harmonic distortion occurs during signal demodulation.

Dual Event-Triggered Spatial Model Predictive Control for Distributed Thermal Processes.

During the distributed thermal process, frequent model updates (MUs) and controller activations can lead to worse performance due to over-computation. To address this problem, a dual event-triggered spatial model predictive control (DET-SMPC) under a data-driven framework is investigated for distributed thermal processes to achieve good global performance. The spatiotemporal model is built utilizing the time/space theorem and updated to accommodate the time-varying system dynamics.

Community-level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and circulating microRNAs: Exploring their origins and regulatory functions in immune cells.

Potential health impacts of community-level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are closely relevant to the general population, yet their effects on circulating miRNAs are not fully understood. We aimed to profile PAH-associated circulating miRNAs and explore their potential origins and biological functions in immune cells. In a cohort of 160 healthy adults, we identified 81 plasma miRNAs associated with hydroxylated-PAHs (OH-PAHs), predominantly 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OH-Flu) and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OH-Phe).

Multiple plasma metal exposures and incident anemia in middle-aged and elderly individuals: The Dongfeng-Tongji cohort.

Anemia is a global health concern. However, prospective studies on the relationships between multiple metal exposures and incident anemia remain limited. This study included 3928 participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort.

An explainable "family bucket" model for simultaneous prediction of K-edge XANES for multiple light transition metals.

X-ray near-edge structure (XANES) is a crucial bridge between the local structures and chemical properties of materials. Although there have been a number of studies devoted to the development of predictive K-edge XANES spectral models, existing methods are usually still limited to separate modeling for a specific absorbing element. Currently, there is a lack of a K-edge XANES spectra prediction model that can be broadly applied to a wide range of elements, which would enable data dispersed in terms of absorbing elements to be integrated and well utilized.

Enhancing early gestational diabetes mellitus prediction with imputation-based machine learning framework: A comparative study on real-world clinical records.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications. Electronic health records (EHRs) promise GDM risk prediction, but missing data poses a challenge to developing reliable and generalizable risk prediction models. This study aims to address the problem of missing EHR data in GDM prediction before 12 weeks gestation.

Ingestible optoelectronic capsules enable bidirectional communication with engineered microbes for controllable therapeutic interventions.

Engineered microbes can be used for biomolecular sensing and therapeutic interventions. However, they cannot be monitored and controlled while in vivo. Here we combine optogenetically engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, an ingestible optoelectronic capsule and a wireless smartphone to establish a bidirectional biological-optical-electronic signal processing chain for diagnostic or therapeutic capabilities under user control.

Sustained TNFα Suppression and Enhanced Cutaneous Healing via Topical IgY Hydrogel Therapy in Inflammatory Skin Disorders.

With the progression of biomedical therapies, antibodies have emerged as promising agents for treating inflammatory skin disorders due to their specificity and antigen-targeting capabilities. Antibodies play a crucial role in epidermal injury repair by precisely regulating inflammatory pathways and neutralizing key inflammatory factors. Notably, conventional IgG antibodies face limitations including poor stability, immunogenicity, and reduced efficacy in epidermal environments.

Theoretical Design of Heavy-Atom Embedded ICz-Based Multi-resonance TADF Emitters with High Efficiency and Narrow Emission Width.

Indolo[3,2,1-] carbazole (ICz)-based multiple resonance (MR) organic emitters bearing small full width at half-maximum (fwhm) values are of interest in organic light-emitting diodes. The challenge is to boost the intrinsic delayed fluorescence by enhancing the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process to avoid efficiency roll-off. Here, we propose the utilization of the nonmetallic heavy-atom effects to promote the RISC process while keeping the advantage of structural rigidity for narrowband emission.

New insights into fungi-mediated flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris: A transcriptomics - metabolomics integration from biosynthesis to mechanism.

Despite fungi-mediated bioflocculation being a promising strategy for efficient Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) harvesting, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this research, a high-performance flocculating fungi strain, Alternaria alternata J-28 was isolated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Allergic Respiratory Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

With the acceleration of global urbanization, residential proximity to major roadways (RPMR) has been recognized as a significant threat to public health, while the association between road proximity and risks of allergic respiratory outcomes remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the associations between RPMR and the risks of allergic respiratory outcomes. We conducted a systematic literature search for existing scientific literature from databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus.

Structural and functional characterization of thermostable dUTPase P45 from Pyrococcus furiosus with enhanced PCR efficiency.

dUTPase is a critical enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate (PPi), thereby maintaining genomic integrity by preventing uracil misincorporation into DNA. P45, an archaeal dUTPase, enhances polymerase chain reaction (PCR) efficiency by increasing product yield and amplification duration. However, its oligomeric state and catalytic mechanism remain poorly characterized.

Performance and Mechanism of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer in Red Mud Blended Cementitious Materials.

The utilization of red mud by blending it into cement paste is still facing poor workability issues due to the finer particle size and higher water absorption of red mud, which can be solved by the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) to effectively maintain the working performance. However, the specific mechanisms by which different topologies of PCEs, in terms of water-reducing (WR)- and slump-retaining (SR)-type PCEs, influence red mud blended cement paste require further clarification. This research investigates the effect of WR-PCE and SR-PCE on the rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of red mud blended cement paste under different red mud contents.

Dynamics of Crossed Acquired Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: From Vaccine to Hybrid Immunity in China.

The immune response to evolving Omicron variants in China, especially after booster doses and breakthrough infections post-Zero-COVID-19 policy, is poorly understood. In a 14-month cohort of 206 adults, baseline assessments were conducted the day before the third COVID-19 vaccine dose (Visit 1), with follow-ups at 1 (Visit 2), 3 (Visit 3), 6 (Visit 4), 9 (Visit 5), and 14 (Visit 6) months after the dose. The lifting of Zero-COVID-19 policy coincided with a surge in Omicron breakthrough infections among our participants, occurring 12 months after the third vaccine dose.

Activation and Stabilization Strategies of Aluminum Metal Anode Toward High Performance Aqueous Al Metal Batteries.

Aqueous aluminum metal batteries (AAMBs) have garnered significant attention due to the abundant reserves, low cost, high theoretical capacity, and intrinsic safety of aluminum (Al). However, Al-based energy storage technologies remain in their nascent stages, facing a multitude of challenges. One major issue is the poor thermodynamic stability of the aluminum metal anode in aqueous electrolytes, stemming from self-corrosion, surface passivation, or hydrogen evolution reactions.

Environmental risk factors, protective factors, and biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an umbrella review.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the rapid loss of motor neurons. Given the significant global economic impact of ALS, effective preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce the incidence of this devastating disease. Recent meta-analyses have explored potential links between environmental factors, biomarkers, and ALS occurrence.

Investigation of Polarity Reversal of Bilayer AlN/ScAlN Films and Its Influence on Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators.

Polarity is one of the key properties that affect the functionality of piezoelectric materials. For typical piezoelectric materials, aluminum nitride (AlN) and scandium-doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN), the polarity of the films will affect the electromechanical performance of their acoustic devices. Here, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) are used to grow an AlN seed layer on a silicon substrate, and then use PVD to grow ScAlN on the AlN layer.